Course Introduction
Political Geography
Textbook Exam Questions
Political Geography explores the spatial dimensions of political processes and structures, examining how geographic factors influence the organization, governance, and power dynamics of states, territories, and regions. The course delves into topics such as boundaries and borderlands, geopolitics, the role of place in political identity, the impact of globalization on sovereignty, and the significance of natural resources and demographics in shaping political landscapes. Through case studies and theoretical frameworks, students gain insights into how political decisions are informed by geographic contexts at local, national, and international scales.
Recommended Textbook
Contemporary Human Geography 3rd Edition by
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14 Chapters
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James M. Rubenstein
Page 2
Chapter 1: This Is Geography
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to environmental determinism,
A) the physical environment causes social development.
B) the physical environment sets limits on human actions.
C) people can adjust to the physical environment.
D) people can choose a course of action from many alternatives offered by the physical environment.
E) people determine their physical environment.
Answer: A
Q2) Time changes by one hour for each 15° degree change in longitude; this is because
A) it was determined by how fast 17 century ships could travel.
B) 15° insures that major population centers have unique time zones.
C) early navigation instruments did not allow better accuracy than 15 degrees.
D) 15° was chosen arbitrarily.
E) twenty-four latitude lines were chosen so that 24 hours represents a 360° revolution around the planet.
Answer: E
Q3) The extent of a feature's spread over space is defined as ________.
Answer: concentration
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Chapter 2: Population and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vast majority of the human population is accounted by the sum of these regions:
A) Asia, Africa, North America, Europe.
B) East-Asia, Europe, South America, Africa.
C) East-Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, and Asia.
D) South America, North America, Africa, Europe.
E) Asia, Africa, United States, Indonesia.
Answer: C
Q2) Japan is dealing with economic concerns about an aging population by
A) increasing the birth rate.
B) encouraging older people and women to work.
C) shifting jobs overseas.
D) encouraging immigration.
Answer: B
Q3) Which stage of the demographic transition are the world's richest countries in?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Migration
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Sample Questions
Q1) An environmental or political feature that hinders migration is
A) a visa.
B) a pull factor.
C) a push factor.
D) an intervening obstacle.
E) both a pull and push factor.
Answer: D
Q2) Which statement is not true in the United States?
A) Nearly twice as many Americans migrate from cities to suburbs each year as migrate from suburbs to cities.
B) Suburban schools tend to be more modern and safer.
C) Net migration from urban to rural areas is called couterurbanization.
D) The major reason for the large-scale migration to the suburbs is because of employment.
E) Intraregional migration has been primarily from cities to suburbs.
Answer: D
Q3) Describe suburbanization in more developed countries.
Answer: large-scale migration to the suburbs because of pull by a suburban lifestyle
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5
Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spatial distribution of soccer during the twentieth century is an example of A) folk culture.
B) habit.
C) popular culture.
D) taboo.
E) relocation diffusion.
Q2) Do you believe the Amish will be able to preserve their cultural identity 50 years from now? Explain.
Q3) In the U.S in the 1940s,housing shifted from local folk culture traditions to
A) more expensive housing.
B) mostly apartments.
C) split-level. housing.
D) more popular housing that varies more in time than in place.
E) houses built with higher quality materials on small lot sizes.
Q4) In cultures with strong folk clothing preferences,young adults are
A) more likely to dress like their parents.
B) less likely to dress like their parents.
C) likely to create their own unique style.
D) paying close attention to international styles.
E) None of these answers is correct.
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Chapter 5: Languages
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Q1) Explain how the geography of the Basque region may have helped preserve the Basque language as a vibrant isolated language that is spoken as a first language by 600,000 people.
Q2) How may have the approaches to language diversity in Belgium and Switzerland contributed to the relative stability or antagonism in each case? Which country has had less antagonism,and why?
Q3) Dialects developed within the United States primarily because of
A) diffusion going westward.
B) differences in the dialects among the original settlers along the Atlantic Coast colonies.
C) the Civil War.
D) a lack of available transportation between the regions.
E) differences in the climate between the regions.
Q4) All but which are true about the English language?
A) It is a lingua franca.
B) Recent growth in use is due to expansion diffusion.
C) It is an Indo-European language.
D) It is an isogloss.
E) It is the leading language of the Internet.
Q5) How do we know that all Indo-European languages have a common ancestor?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Religions
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Q1) Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to A) Christianity.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Protestantism.
D) Eastern Orthodoxy.
E) atheism.
Q2) The Western Wall
A) is a holy site to Jews.
B) is the remains of an ancient temple.
C) is beneath an important Muslim mosque.
D) was once closed to Jews for all but one day each year.
E) All of these choices are correct.
Q3) The single holiest site in Islam is A) Madinah.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Makkah.
D) Amritsar.
E) the al-Ka'ba.
Q4) How do different religions incorporate natural features into their cosmogony?
Q5) What major universalizing religion originated in present-day India?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Ethnicities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sudan has seen ethnic conflict in all but which of the following regions?
A) Darfur
B) South Sudan
C) the eastern front with Eritrea
D) Khartoum
Q2) Ethnic identity for descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through
A) neighborhoods and locations.
B) schools and education.
C) language.
D) religion and food.
E) political affiliation.
Q3) Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau <u>not</u> consider a race?
A) Japanese
B) Black
C) Hispanic/Latino
D) White
E) Samoan
Q4) Explain the origins of one recent genocide in Sudan.
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Chapter 8: Political Geography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Democracies differ from autocracies because
A) citizens vote for leaders, citizens participate, and there is a system of checks and balances.
B) citizens vote for leaders, citizens can own land, citizens are innocent until proven guilty.
C) education is not free, citizens participate, leaders have term limits.
D) citizen participate, have the right to bear arms, and leaders have term limits.
E) of a system of checks and balances, education is not free, and citizens can own land.
Q2) The only large land mass(es)<u>not</u> part of a sovereign state is/are
A) the North and South Polar regions.
B) Greenland.
C) Siberia.
D) Borneo.
Q3) What geographic elements contributed to the development of the United States and Soviet Union/Russia as superpowers,and what geographic elements contribute to the weakness of these two countries?
Q4) Discuss the development of the modern concept of the state.
Q5) What special problems do landlocked states face?
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Chapter 9: Development
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Q1) The United Nations considers ________ to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development.
A) years of schooling
B) the quality of instruction
C) the income of the family
D) the quality of a government
E) the availability of jobs
Q2) Discuss the role of access to health care in development.
Q3) The UN's Human Development Index (HDI)takes into account three factors.These are
A) a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, and a long and healthy life.
B) crude birth rates, crude death rates and the percentage of women in the workforce.
C) life expectancy, percentage of population under 15 and the availability of clean drinking water.
D) doctor/patient ratio, infant mortality rates and good governance.
E) absence of corruption, developed infrastructure and national debt as a ratio of GDP.
Q4) What is Gender Inequality Index and how is it measured?
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Chapter 10: Food and Agriculture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only about 15 million people are nomads,but they sparsely occupy
A) 20 percent of the earth's land area.
B) 10 percent of the earth's land area.
C) most of the tropical regions of the earth.
D) most of the islands of the south Pacific.
E) 50 percent of the undifferentiated highlands.
Q2) Why does the consumption of food vary around the world? Use geographic concepts to explain your answer.
Q3) If darker shades represent higher values,this is most likely a map of
A) dietary energy consumption.
B) percent of income spent on food.
C) percent undernourished.
D) change in number undernourished.
E) per capita fish consumption.
Q4) How can it be that fish and seafood accounts for only 1% of all the calories consumed by humans yet there are quite a few species of fish that have declined in numbers due to overfishing? The UN estimates that 25% of fish stocks have been overfished and 50% fully exploited.Please compare figures 10.7.4 and 10.7.5 as part of your answer.
Q5) Prior to the invention of agriculture,how did most people obtain their food?
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Chapter 11: Industry
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Q1) Looking at Figure 11.4.4,which of the following countries had the highest steel production in 1980?
A) Argentina
B) Russia
C) China
D) United States
E) Brazil
Q2) What factors would influence a firm to locate closer to its inputs rather than closer to its market?
Q3) (Figure 11.2.3 in the text) Bulk-Gaining Industry: Beer provides data that is a good example of
A) bulk-reducing industries.
B) concentration.
C) situation factors.
D) single market manufacturer.
E) geographer Alfred Weber's industrial location theory.
Q4) What is just-in-time delivery? What are some of its advantages and disadvantages?
Q5) What are some of the industries that were transformed by the Industrial Revolution?
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Chapter 12: Services and Settlements
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Q1) Geographers apply ________ to create market area studies that assist service providers with opening and expanding their facilities.
A) rank-size rule
B) range
C) central place theory
D) primate city rule
E) range of service rule
Q2) Which of the following do developing countries specialize in?
A) raw material production and high finance
B) offshore financial services and back office functions
C) high finance and transportation
D) transportation and manufacturing
E) medical tourism and banking
Q3) Briefly describe off-shore financial services.
Q4) Which of the following cities has a population of less than 20 million?
A) Jakarta
B) Seoul
C) New York
D) Mexico City
E) Tokyo
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Urban Patterns
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some of the characteristics of suburban retail?
Q2) If you are going to study where immigrants are likely to live when arriving to Paris,what model would you likely use?
A) Sectors model
B) Concentric zones model
C) Multiple nuclei model
D) Residences model
E) Relocation model
Q3) Cities in developing countries containing a complex mix of ethnic groups show evidence of which urban structure model?
A) multiple nuclei
B) concentric zones
C) Griffin-Ford model
D) informal settings
E) sectors
Q4) If you had the opportunity to design a new city from scratch,list at least 5 things you would do to insure long term city growth would not be hampered by traffic congestion in the CBD.
Q5) What are some of the characteristics of European CBDs?
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Chapter 14: Resource Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two distinctive characteristics of fossil fuels underlie the energy crisis.What are these two characteristics?
Q2) What is the primary difference on how we dispose of solid,liquid,and gas waste?
A) Solid waste disposal is unique in that it is concentrated and buried in landfills.
B) Liquid and gas are put in special containers before they are buried in landfills.
C) Liquids and gases are always made chemically inert before release into the environment.
D) Landfills for liquids are put in special liquid-containing landfills, and gas is released into the atmosphere.
E) Gas and liquid wastes are converted to a solid and then mixed with the solid waste.
Q3) Most sources of energy today are
A) fossil fuels.
B) wind powered.
C) based on coal and coal derivatives.
D) from the developed world.
E) renewable.
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