Policy Implementation Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Policy Implementation examines the processes and challenges involved in transforming public policy decisions into practical actions and outcomes. The course covers key theories and models of policy implementation, the roles of various stakeholders, the influence of political and administrative contexts, and the evaluation of policy outcomes. Through case studies and real-world examples, students will develop an understanding of how policy intentions are translated into results, the barriers that can impede implementation, and strategies to improve policy effectiveness in diverse institutional and cultural settings.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Public Policy 14th Edition by Thomas R. Dye
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Chapter 1: Policy Analysis
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Q1) The most expensive undertaking of state and local governments is A) highways.
B) education.
C) national defense.
D) welfare.
Answer: B
Q2) Prescribing a direction in public policy is referred to as A) agenda setting.
B) policy advocacy.
C) policy evaluation.
D) policy analysis.
Answer: B
Q3) Total government spending (state, local, and federal) currently accounts for about what percentage of the gross domestic product?
A) 35
B) 25
C) 45
D) 15
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Models of Politics
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Q1) To make a rational policy decision, policymakers must
A) chose a policy based only on its benefits.
B) assess a policy based only on its costs.
C) chose a policy with the greatest advantage.
D) weigh benefits against costs
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is not part of the policy process?
A) agenda setting
B) policy evaluation
C) problem identification
D) policy input
Answer: D
Q3) The latent group of Americans is composed of those who chose not to vote.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The institutional model focuses on governmental structures.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Policymaking Process
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Q1) It is accurate to say that policy evaluation is
A) usually done in an unsystematic way.
B) the first step in the policymaking process.
C) never initiated by interest groups.
D) usually initiated by the White House.
Answer: A
Q2) Something designed to stimulate press coverage is known as a media A) bias.
B) spin.
C) event.
D) effect.
Answer: C
Q3) Efforts to influence Congress and the White House by encouraging letter-writing, calls, and visits by individual constituents and campaign contributors is known as A) grassroots mobilization.
B) litigation.
C) schmoozing.
D) direct lobbying.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Policy Evaluation
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Q1) The agency responsible for making sure that tax dollars are spent honestly and wisely is the
A) Office of Management and Budget.
B) General Accountability Office.
C) Congressional Budget Office.
D) Council of Economic Advisors.
Q2) The Office of Management and Budget is part of
A) the executive branch
B) the judiciary.
C) the Senate.
D) the House of Representatives
Q3) Policy evaluation should consider
A) direct impacts on target groups only.
B) impacts on both target and nontarget groups.
C) tangible impacts only, on both target and nontarget groups.
D) symbolic impacts only on target groups.
Q4) Comparisons between jurisdictions can be addressed by pre- and post-program comparisons.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Federalism and State Policies
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Q1) Referenda are exercises of
A) federal mandates.
B) preemption.
C) devolution.
D) direct democracy.
Q2) Which of these may be said to support state-centered federalism?
A) coercive federalism.
B) centralized federalism.
C) federal mandates.
D) devolution.
Q3) Prior to the Civil War, states monopolized power in the federal system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The assumption by the federal government of all regulatory policy in a particular policy area is called
A) total preemption.
B) a federal mandate.
C) a national federal mandate.
D) state exclusion prerogative.
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Chapter 6: Criminal Justice
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Q1) Recidivism refers to
A) committing a crime after already being convicted of a crime.
B) the rehabilitation rate for repeat offenders.
C) New York City's attempt to cut down on petty crime.
D) The process of convicting criminals.
Q2) The rate of victimization, compared to the official crime rate, reflects
A) the decline in the U.S. crime rate.
B) little difference between the two measures.
C) the high rate of unreported crimes.
D) the low impact of deterrence as applied in the U.S.
Q3) New York City's "broken windows" approach to law enforcement focused on organized crime.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Since the early 1990s, crime rates have
A) doubled.
B) increased slightly.
C) remained unchanged.
D) decreased.
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Chapter 7: Health and Welfare
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Q1) Human capital theory relates to the problem of poverty in theorizing that the poor
A) have little to offer in the job market.
B) are poor because of economic disruptions.
C) will remain poor.
D) should not receive entitlements.
Q2) Which of these is NOT true of the Earned Income Tax Credit?
A) means-tested
B) for workers and their families
C) automatically issues a refund to those who qualify D) is considered a negative income tax.
Q3) Most of the major entitlement programs in the United States were established under the leadership of president
A) Kennedy and Johnson.
B) Carter and Reagan.
C) Clinton and George H.W. Bush.
D) Franklin Roosevelt and Johnson.
Q4) Social Security and Medicare are the two largest entitlement programs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Health Care
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Q1) The individual mandate in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requires A) employers to provide health insurance to employees.
B) individuals to buy health insurance.
C) state governments to ensure individuals access to health care.
D) individuals to use government health clinics.
Q2) The public option that did not make it into the final form of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was rejected because it
A) would not have helped the poor.
B) looked too much like socialized medicine.
C) was too expensive.
D) interfered with Medicaid.
Q3) In a single payer plan, who is the payer?
A) the health care provider
B) the insured
C) insurance companies
D) the government
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Chapter 9: Education
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Q1) SAT scores reached a low point in the period from 1980 to 1990.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In 2004, the National Center for Education Statistics found that the best in science and math among eighth graders.
A) Sweden
B) the Netherlands
C) Singapore
D) the United States
Q3) Those seeking more diversity in schools are primarily interested in
A) religious diversity.
B) ethnic and racial diversity.
C) attracting students from a variety of international setting.
D) ideological diversity.
Q4) The largest educators' union is the
A) American Federation of Teachers
B) American Federation of Teachers.
C) AFL-CIO
D) American University of University Professors
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Chapter 10: Economic Policy
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Q1) Federal spending that is not included in the budget is termed A) back-door
B) in-kind
C) indexed
D) deficit
Q2) The control of the money supply is a responsibility of the A) Office of Management and Budget.
B) Federal Reserve Board.
C) Congressional Budget Office.
D) Treasury.
Q3) A long-standing proponent of the balanced budget amendment is
A) Ben Bernanke
B) Orrin Hatch
C) Timothy Geithner
D) Henry Paulson
Q4) Traditional economic policymaking has been A) incremental.
B) elite.
C) public choice.
D) interest group.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Tax Policy
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Q1) Corporate income tax provides about income.
A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 25 percent
Q2) Estate taxes are taxes on
A) large homes worth over $750,000.
B) holdings of land over 5,000 acres.
C) property left to heirs upon your death.
D) profits from e-commerce paid to state governments.
Q3) The greatest barrier to simplification of the tax code come from
A) Congress.
B) the Supreme Court.
C) the Federal Reserve Board.
D) interest groups.
Q4) President Reagan's Tax Reform Act of 1986 traded lower tax rates for A) a flat tax.
B) higher estate taxes.
C) higher excise taxes.
D) fewer tax breaks.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: International Trade and Immigration
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Q1) Arizona immigration law has been challenged on the grounds that it violates
A) human rights.
B) the Commerce Clause.
C) the Supremacy Clause.
D) current U.S. immigration law.
Q2) For most Americans, precedent should be given to policies that support deportation of illegal immigrants.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Prior to World War II, tariffs were set at rates that benefited
A) U.S. consumers.
B) foreign producers.
C) carriers.
D) U.S. manufacturers.
Q4) The World Trade Organization exists primarily to support economic development in poorer countries.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Energy and the Environment
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Q1) theory requires that environmental policies be evaluated in terms of their net benefits to society.
A) Elite
B) Group
C) Public-choice
D) Institutional
Q2) Nuclear power plants in the U.S.are being built at the rate of about twenty per decade.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An "externality" occurs when
A) environmentalists protest.
B) pollution is controlled by bringing in outside people and technology.
C) a firm imposes unwanted costs on others.
D) the economy is weak.
Q4) About
A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Civil Rights
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Q1) Major protection for the rights of the disabled has come about because of A) Furman v. Georgia.
B) the Disabled Americans Protection Act of 1995.
C) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
D) Reed v. Reed.
Q2) Public accommodations such as restaurants and hotels were desegregated by A) Brown v. Topeka.
B) the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C) Regents of U.C. v. Bakke.
D) U.S. v. Paradise.
Q3) In 1954,
A) all
B) no
C) three
D) seventeen
Q4) The Bakke case challenged the use of racial quotas in higher education admissions.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Defense Policy
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Q1) The Powell Doctrine centers on the notion of peacekeeping and nation-building.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The strongest military power in Europe today is
A) the United Kingdom.
B) Spain.
C) Germany.
D) France.
Q3) Attempts to defeat the Taliban have involved the use of American troops in Afghanistan and A) Kuwait.
B) Armenia.
C) Russia.
D) Pakistan.
Q4) The Taliban has been the target of U.S.military action in Afghanistan.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The U.S.was a major signatory of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Homeland Security
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Q1) Terrorism can be countered with traditional deterrence methods.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Is the lead agency in assembling, analyzing, and disseminating Intelligence for all other agencies in the intelligence community.
A) FBI
B) CIA
C) NSA
D) NIA
Q3) Al Qaeda emerged largely in response to the U.S.presence in the Middle East.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Smith Act was aimed at American communists.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most covert intelligence actions involve shipment of arms to our allies.
A)True
B)False
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