Policing in America
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Policing in America examines the historical development, structure, and contemporary practices of law enforcement within the United States. The course delves into the relationship between police and the communities they serve, exploring key issues such as police discretion, use of force, accountability, and reform. Students analyze the role of race, class, and social context in shaping policing practices and public perceptions, and study landmark cases and policies that have influenced American policing. Through a combination of theoretical frameworks and real-world examples, the course encourages critical thinking about the challenges and future directions of law enforcement in American society.
Recommended Textbook
The American System of Criminal Justice 16th Edition by George F. Cole
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
17 Chapters
2137 Verified Questions
2137 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2422 Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime and Justice in America
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48151
Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ crimes are committed for ideological purposes. Answer: Political
Q2) Most countries share a uniform definition of rape.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Why does the NCVS not measure homicide?
A)Homicide is not usually reported to the police.
B)Victims of homicide cannot be surveyed.
C)Only victimless crimes are measured by the NCVS.
D)Police departments may lie about their homicide rates.
Answer: B
Q4) Some politicians pursue a policy of "law and order" without reliance on crime statistics or the current legal landscape.What kind of impact can such policies have on American society?
Answer: Answers will vary but students should show an understanding of the intent of laws,political influence,and the way crime trends influence the need for laws.
Q5) Crimes that are wrong by nature are called ____________________.
Answer: mala in se
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Victimization and Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48152
Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text,which of the following statements best reflects racial victim crime statistics?
A)Most violent crime is interracial.
B)Whites are most likely to be the victims of violent crimes.
C)Most victims and offenders are from different social classes.
D)African Americans and other minorities are most likely to be the victims of violent crimes.
Answer: D
Q2) Victims are generally to blame for the crime that occurred against them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) You are the advisor to the Mayor of Boston on the issue of crime.You are charged with creating a report on the impact of crime on the all aspects of city life.Be sure to include a discussion of budget,the different ways crime affects those of different classes,races,and genders,and how they reflect trends nationwide.
Answer: Answers will vary,but students should understand the impact on crime on private and public institutions as well as on people of different social and economic backgrounds.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48153
Sample Questions
Q1) Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after attending his close friend's bachelor party,marking his first encounter with the criminal justice system.He works as a project manager with a local construction company and has been involved with his girlfriend for three years.His attorney reached an agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.That Ethan was arrested at all is an example of the justice system's use of A)system analysis.
B)tasking.
C)discretion
D)resource allocation.
Answer: C
Q2) There is no evidence of racism in the way society asks the criminal justice system to operate.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting,prosecuting,convicting,and punishing those who disobey the
Answer: law
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48154
Sample Questions
Q1) Justices to the Supreme Court are nominated by the ______.
Q2) A person who was forced to commit a crime will likely use the defense of ____________________.
Q3) A person could be punished for killing a pigeon if a state legislature passed a law against killing pigeons on the day after the pigeon was killed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Laws passed by legislatures and statutory definitions of criminal offenses are found in penal codes and A)written law.
B)statutes.
C)common law. D)case law.
Q5) How is the distinction between murder and manslaughter determined?
Q6) The due process and equal protection clauses are found in the Fourteenth Amendment.
A)True B)False
Q7) Criminal law is divided into substantive law and ____________________ law.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Police
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48155
Sample Questions
Q1) Budget cuts had a negative impact on evidence-based policing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following areas is not a priority of the FBI?
A)Political corruption
B)Organized crime
C)Terrorism
D)Minor blue-collar crime
Q3) The period of policing known as the political era occurred between
A)1820 and 1840.
B)1840 and 1920.
C)1920 and 1970.
D)1790 and 1820.
Q4) The police can enforce every law and catch every lawbreaker if they have the resources.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The political policing era relied heavily on patronage.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48156
Sample Questions
Q1) In recent years,national attention has been drawn to the use of lethal force by police.What are the factors that affect police use of lethal force?
Q2) Research conducted on large police departments found that a key factor in solving crimes was
A)identification of the perpetrator by the victim or witnesses.
B)the police arriving at the scene of the crime in less than a minute.
C)the intelligence of the police officers.
D)the size of the police force.
Q3) ____________________ and ____________________ are the two largest and most important units in a police department.
Q4) __________ is where the officer learns the subculture of the department.
Q5) The two most important elements of the police officer's working personality are ____________________ and ____________________.
Q6) Incident-driven policing
A)emphasizes a quick response to calls.
B)is a proactive approach to policing.
C)is not led by the public.
D)usually involves undercover and surveillance work.
Q7) ______ increases marital problems,alcohol abuse,and higher rates of suicide.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Policing: Contemporary Issues and Challenges
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48157
Sample Questions
Q1) Sean works with the U.S.government in combating terrorism.His sole objective is to prevent another September 11th-like catastrophe from happening on U.S.soil.He works with various state and federal agencies not only to try to protect Americans from the threat of terrorism but also to try to safeguard protected constitutional rights from unneeded intrusions.Sean works to fight both domestic and international terrorism. Sean needs assistance in preventing the boarding of a known terrorist onto an airplane so he contacts the
A)Department of Homeland Security.
B)Bureau of Airline Safety.
C)Transportation Safety Administration.
D)Airline Safety Administration.
Q2) Lawsuits brought by citizens against police are known as ____________________ suits.
Q3) What are some benefits and drawbacks of the private hiring of police officers?
Q4) Which of the following is not a reason for the rise in private policing?
A)Budgetary constraints upon the states
B)Fear of crime
C)Increase in the supply of people wanting to become police officers
D)Increase in crimes in the workplace
Q5) _______ is a database which allows prints to be sent electronically.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Police and Constitutional Law
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48158
Sample Questions
Q1) In what case did the U.S.Supreme Court decide that the plain view doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence items that are visible to them when they are in a location in which they are permitted to be?
A)Coolidge v.New Hampshire (1971)
B)Hester v.United States (1924)
C)Minnesota v.Dickerson (1993)
D)Gideon v.Wainwright (1963)
Q2) Officers can make an arrest without a warrant when there are ____________,which means that officers are in the middle of an urgent situation in which they must act swiftly and do not have time to go to court to seek a warrant.
Q3) What is the purpose of allowing searches after lawful arrests?
A)To ensure the safety of officers
B)To make sure the arrestee does not flee
C)To ensure the arrestee shows the proper respect to the police
D)To make sure the arrest proceeds smoothly
Q4) An arrest is an example of a seizure.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The stop-and-frisk exception is considered a(n)____________________ search.
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Courts and Pretrial Processes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48159
Sample Questions
Q1) What is one criticism of the bail system in the United States? How might this issue be addressed?
Q2) Under the 10 percent cash bail system,once the individual appears in court,he will receive all but 10% of his bail money back.
A)True
B)False
Q3) State courts have huge caseloads.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the United States,the judicial system operates according to a(n)_______ system of justice.
A)adversarial
B)inquisitorial
C)civil law
D)authoritarian
Q5) The bail agent is a nonprofit actor within the criminal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Defendants state their pleas (guilty or not guilty)at the
11
Q7) What are the benefits of standardized court structures?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Prosecution and Defense
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48160
Sample Questions
Q1) The television image of defense attorneys as strong advocates for their clients is based on the ______ model.
A)crime control
B)due process
C)equal protection
D)celebrity
Q2) Some scholars have called defense attorneys ______ because they often work to prepare the defendant for the likely outcome of the case (usually conviction).
A)"case builders"
B)"agent-mediators"
C)"arrangement-mediators"
D)"prison builders"
Q3) Which defense attorney would be paid by the government?
A)Public defender
B)Assigned counsel
C)Contract counsel
D)Pro bono representation
Q4) According to_________,indigents facing the death penalty who are not capable of representing themselves must be given attorneys.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Determination of Guilt: Plea Bargaining and Trials
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48161
Sample Questions
Q1) Ryan is a district attorney in a small community.Ryan's best friend,Eric,happens to work in the public defender's office.Ryan and Eric have a meeting tomorrow morning with the superior court judge to discuss a case involving a sexual assault.The victim in the case would prefer not to testify in this case.Luckily,Ryan and Eric have a positive working relationship with the judge hearing the case.Ryan and Eric are looking forward to coming to an arrangement in this case and having lunch afterward with the judge.While the three men are working together to come to a plea agreement,all are trying to negotiate to obtain the best outcome for their side.This is known as a(n)
A)compromise.
B)peremptory challenge.
C)exchange.
D)settlement.
Q2) Plea bargaining benefits everyone involved,including the prosecutor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Juries symbolize the rule of law and the community foundation that supports the criminal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Punishment and Sentencing
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48162
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of incarceration?
A)Incarceration has no effect in deterring potential offenders.
B)Incarceration is costly.
C)The public is generally not aware of incarceration as a penalty imposed by U.S.courts.
D)The majority of persons under correctional supervision are incarcerated.
Q2) ______ occurs when an offender does not commit a crime for fear of receiving the punishment.
Q3) Which term is used to define a model of justice that focuses on repairing damage done to the victim and the community?
A)Reparations
B)Rehabilitation
C)Retribution
D)Incapacitation
Q4) Truth in sentencing guidelines are laws that require offenders to serve 85% of their sentences.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The _____ process is a major factor in delaying executions.
Q6) Misdemeanor or lower courts hear about _______% of criminal cases.
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Corrections
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48163
Sample
Questions
Q1) What were the main criticisms of the separate confinement and congregate systems? How do the original forms of these systems compare to supermax facilities and solitary confinement.?
Q2) In recent years,the Supreme Court has decided many cases that expanded prisoners' rights.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cooper v.Pate (1964)ended the hands-off doctrine,allowing inmates the ability to file lawsuits.Was this a wise court decision? Why or why not? Can we limit the frivolous lawsuits that this ruling encouraged?
Q4) In Holt v.Hobbs,the Supreme Court ruled on
A)the right to grow a beard.
B)the right to be tattooed.
C)the right to receive mail.
D)the right to family visitation.
Q5) Throughout most of the 20th century,the number of persons incarcerated either declined or remained stable.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48164
Sample
Questions
Q1) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of community corrections programs.How are these programs viewed by the public?
Q2) The U.S.Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which is likely to be assigned as a form of community service?
A)Cleaning laundry while incarcerated
B)Working part-time at a fast food restaurant
C)Wearing an electronic monitoring device
D)Cleaning parks and roadsides
Q4) Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called
A)reparation.
B)making amends.
C)forfeiture.
D)restitution.
Q5) Using examples from the text,illustrate the positive attributes associated with probation.
Page 16
Q6) Discuss the philosophical assumptions that form the basis of community corrections.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 17
Chapter 15: Incarceration and Prison Society
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48165
Sample Questions
Q1) An increase in the number of individuals incarcerated for drug offenses can explain why there is an increased number of prisoners who have ______.
Q2) Inmates who are ______ try to take advantage of prison programs.
Q3) Warden Smith is in charge of a women's state prison.What percentage of Warden Smith's inmates are likely to be pregnant or to have given birth within the last year at the time they enter prison?
A)10%
B)15%
C)25%
D)30%
Q4) The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying the inmate's needs for security,education,and treatment is called ______.
Q5) Female prisoners are more prone to violence than male prisoners.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Officers who establish _______,or secret,relationships can be manipulated by prisoners into smuggling contraband or committing other illegal acts.
Q7) Most employees in the prison system come from ________ areas.
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Reentry Into the Community
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48166
Sample Questions
Q1) In some cases,individuals on the sex offender registry have committed very low-level offenses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Some inmates are allowed to visit their families before their time is served through a
A)mandatory release.
B)discretionary release.
C)furlough.
D)probation release.
Q3) Which actor/entity typically determines discretionary release of state prisoners?
A)State prison release commissioner
B)Parole board
C)State supreme court
D)Prison warden
Q4) In Japan,the justice system focuses solely on the offender and not on the community.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 19
Chapter 17: Juvenile Justice
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48167
Sample Questions
Q1) The doctrine of _______ holds that the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are unable to protect themselves.
Q2) The process of determining whether a juvenile is guilty of a crime is known as ______.
Q3) Aftercare can be very effective.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Devise a strategy to combat juvenile cybercrime,including cyberbullying and sexting.How you would implement your strategy?
Q5) Community-based options include ______,in which juvenile offenders live with families,usually for a short period,and group homes,often privately-run facilities for groups of twelve to twenty juvenile offenders.
Q6) The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an increase in drug arrests.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The U.S.Supreme Court case of In re Gault (1967)extended _____________rights to juveniles.
20
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.