Course Introduction
Police Science Study Guide Questions
Police Science explores the fundamental principles, practices, and methodologies used in modern law enforcement. The course covers topics such as the history of policing, the structure and functions of police organizations, community policing strategies, criminal law and procedure, ethics in law enforcement, crime scene investigation, and the application of technology in police work. Students gain insight into the societal role of police, the challenges of crime prevention, and the importance of building community relationships, while also examining contemporary issues such as use of force, diversity, and accountability within policing agencies.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Evidence 8th Edition by Judy Hails
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) The attorney-client privilege prevents a defense attorney from notifying the court if the attorney knows that the client has committed perjury while testifying in the case.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following does the prosecutor do in the role of gatekeeper of the criminal courts
A)file charges
B)decide where the charges will be filed
C)decide which witnesses testify at trial
D)all of these
Answer: A
Q3) The prosecutor in the federal courts is the:
A)District Attorney.
B)Solicitor General.
C)U.S.Attorney.
D)Victim of the crime.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Role of the Courts
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Q1) The plaintiff in a civil case establishes the case by a preponderance of the evidence he/she will win the case.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An indigent defendant who has been convicted of a felony has the right to appointed counsel for:
A)all appeals of the conviction.
B)all appeals of conviction in state court but not federal court.
C)only for first post-conviction appeal.
D)only for appeals filed by the prosecution.
Answer: C
Q3) Appellate courts decide which issues to address based on:
A)brief filed by the defendant.
B)brief filed by the prosecution.
C)brief filed by trial court judge.
D)summary of facts prepared by staff attorneys.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: The Adjudication Process
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Q1) Who can be impeached at trial
A)anyone who takes the witness stand
B)any witness except the defendant
C)only witnesses who commit perjury
D)impeachment is not done during trial.
Answer: A
Q2) Peremptory challenges are used during jury selection for:
A)removing a potential juror who has admitted his/her mind is already made up.
B)dismiss a potential juror who cannot serve on the jury due to financial hardship.
C)remove a potential juror who the attorney subjectively believe is likely to vote for the opposing side.
D)peremptory challenges are not used in criminal cases because the Supreme Court ruled that they are unconstitutional.
Answer: C
Q3) Opening statements are not evidence in the trial.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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5
Chapter 4: Types of Evidence
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Q1) Which item would be considered real evidence
A)Mike's testimony that he saw the theft occur.
B)The ring that Ricky tried to pawn.
C)Patty's testimony that Ricky gave her an engagement ring.
D)Nate's testimony that the ring was not in the display case after Ricky left the store.
Q2) If the attorneys stipulate to a fact, no evidence will be introduced at trial about that fact.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most common reason for an attorney to agree to a stipulation is:
A)save time at trial.
B)it would be hard to find a witness to testify about the fact.
C)opposing counsel could easily prove the fact.
D)the stipulation is required by law.
Q4) In order to qualify as testimonial evidence, the statement must be:
A)made under oath.
B)contain no hearsay.
C)be a first-hand observation.
D)all of these are required
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Chapter 5: Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
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Q1) The jury may infer that the defendant is guilty if he/she attempted to flee the scene of the crime.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The jury is allowed to consider the fact that the defendant previously threatened the victim:
A)whenever the defendant does not deny making the threat.
B)if the threat was made shortly prior to the crime and was very specific.
C)only if the threats can be confirmed by someone other than the victim.
D)only if the defendant had previously threatened other people.
Q3) The prosecution may introduce evidence to establish modus operandi:
A)whenever the defendant has a prior conviction for the same type of crime.
B)anytime the defense has introduced evidence to show that the defendant lacks the mental capacity to commit the crime.
C)only if the defendant has taken the stand and denied committing the crime.
D)only if the defendant previously committed crimes that were substantially similar to the current offense.
Q4) Explain the rules about introducing circumstantial evidence of guilt.Give three examples of evidence that can be used for this purpose.
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Chapter 6: Witnesses
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Q1) Should Lonnie be allowed to testify about how fast the blue Ford was driving
A)Yes, he saw the car drive away.
B)Yes, he can testify that the car "laid rubber" but he cannot give an estimate of the vehicle's speed.
C)Yes he can because he sees many cars drive on that driveway every day.
D)No, only an expert witness can testify about how fast a car was going.
Q2) When an attorney is laying the foundation for an expert witness, the attorney must establish that:
A)the jury needs the help of an expert in order to understand facts of the case.
B)the expert has previously testified at trial.
C)the expert has at least 5 years of experience in the field.
D)all of these must be established
Q3) An expert witness who frequently testifies for the prosecution but rarely for the defense can be impeached for bias.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Who is competent to be a witness at trial How is the competency of a witness established at trial Give 2 examples.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Crime Scene Evidence and Experiments
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Q1) List three commonly accepted scientific tests and explain what needs to be done before trial so the results of the tests will be admissible.
Q2) All items of real evidence are marked and reviewed by the judge prior to the start of the trial.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following has been subject to the most controversy regarding using DNA testing in criminal cases
A)Challenges to the theoretical validity of "DNA fingerprint"
B)Contamination of the DNA sample at the crime scene
C)Contamination of the DNA in the laboratory
D)Calculations based on the current database
Q4) A defense attorney wants to do an experiment for use in court.The experiment is designed to show that eye witness identification of a person in a crowd is not reliable.What must the defense attorney do so that the judge will accept the results of this test at trial Explain.
Q5) Any scientific test can be challenged based on faulty test equipment. A)True B)False
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Chapter 8: Documentary Evidence, Models, Maps, and Diagrams
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Q1) Rule 1002 of the Federal Rules of Evidence mandates the original be produced in court when establishing the contents of a writing, recording or photograph.If the writing in question is stored on a computer, the side wishing to introduce it must produce:
A)a computer printout.
B)the computer hard drive that document is stored on and a computer printout.
C)a computer printout and expert witness who can explain how the data was stored.
D)the computer hard drive and an expert witness who can explain how the data was stored.
Q2) All documents must be authenticated except those with the seal of a notary or a government agency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ancient documents rule is only used when there are no official records regarding the event in question.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how the Business Records Exception to the Hearsay Rule..
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Chapter 9: Hearsay and Its Exceptions
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the decisions of the U.S.Supreme Court since 2000 about the use of hearsay in criminal trials
A)The Supreme Court has not changed the rules on using hearsay at criminal trials.
B)Hearsay is no longer admissible if the declarant does not take the witness stand.
C)Testimonial hearsay is no longer admissible if the declarant does not take the stand.
D)Hearsay is no longer admissible at criminal trials.
Q2) A statement may be introduced as a declaration against interest only if the person who made the statement testifies at trial.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain how the Admissions Exception to the Hearsay Rule applies to statements by the Defendant.Explain how the Admission Exception to the Hearsay Rule applies to statements made by the defendant that are not covered by Miranda.
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Chapter 10: Privileged Communications
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Q1) Can Veronica prevent Wes from testifying based on the Husband-Wife Privilege Not to Testify against Each Other
A)Yes, Veronica can if the state where she lives makes the defendant the holder of the privilege and her divorce is not final when Wes is called to testify.
B)Yes, Veronica can because both spouses hold the privilege and can prevent the other spouse from testifying as long as they are still married.
C)No, the privilege cannot be used in criminal cases.
D)No, a spouse who is a defendant cannot invoke the privilege.
Q2) Does Alice have the right to know Bill's name and arrest record
A)Alice has a constitutional right to the name of the informant only if it is crucial to her defense.
B)Alice has a constitutional right to all information that the police have about Bill.
C)Alice has no constitutional right to information about Bill because she saw him purchase drugs and should be able to identify him.
D)Alice has no constitutional right to information about Bill because she has a public defender who has investigators who work on her cases.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Developing Law of Search and Seizure
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Q1) If Officer Allen gave Judge Crawford an affidavit, how should the judge evaluate it
A)Judge Crawford can only consider information based on Officer Allen's personal observations.
B)Judge Crawford must determine if there is probable cause to believe each fact stated in the affidavit is true.
C)Judge Crawford should make a decision based on the totality of the circumstances described in the affidavit.
D)Judge Crawford is not allowed read the affidavit until after the warrant has been executed.
Q2) If officers legally obtain a search warrant but fail to follow proper knock-and-announce procedures:
A)everything they seize will be inadmissible in court
B)everything they seize based on the Plain View Doctrine will be inadmissible in court
C)everything seized will be inadmissible in court if anyone was at home at the time
D)everything they seize while properly executing the warrant will be admissible
Q3) Describe what should be done when officers execute a search warrant in a home.
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Chapter 12: Field Interviews, Arrests, and Jail Searches
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Q1) An officer arrested Tim for disorderly conduct (a misdemeanor) because he was picketing in front of the town's only grocery store and blocking the entrance.No one suspected Tim had a gun.The officer wants to do a search incident to arrest before placing Tim in the patrol car and taking him to jail.Which of the following is true regarding this situation
A)no search is allowed for non-violent crimes
B)the officer may pat down Tim for weapons because other protesters were armed
C)the officer may search Tim and area under his immediate control
D)the officer may take the picket signs as evidence but no search of Tim is allowed
Q2) An arrest warrant is needed to enter the suspect's home to arrest him/her except in emergency situations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many states still follow the common law rule that an officer can only make an arrest for a misdemeanor if the crime was committed in the officer's presence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the Fourth Amendment standard for the use of force.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Plain View, Consent, Vehicles, and Administrative Searches
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Q1) If police are conducting a warrantless search of a vehicle based on probable cause the driver is dealing drugs, the police can search the purse of a passenger in the car.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the rules for consent searches.
Q3) List three types of vehicle searches and distinguish these searches from similar situations not involving vehicles.
Q4) Was it legal to stop Zach at the roadblock:
A)Yes, the police are allowed to use roadblocks to protect the public from drivers who are under the influence of alcohol.
B)Yes, the police are allowed to use roadblocks to prevent criminal activity.
C)No, the police must obtain a court order prior to establishing roadblocks.
D)No, the police are only allowed to stop motorists if there are specific articulable facts that the vehicle code is being violated.
Q5) Explain the Plain View Doctrine and distinguish it from the Open Fields Doctrine.
Q6) Explain the search and seizure rules which apply to abandoned property.
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Chapter 14: Usa Patriot Act, Foreign Intelligence, and Other
Electronic Surveillance
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Q1) If federal agents want to extend the length of time they can operate a wiretap authorized under the Wiretap Act of 1968, all they need to do is submit an affidavit stating that valuable information has been obtained by using the wiretap.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Prior to service on a bank, a National Security Letter (NSL) must include:
A)a statement by a federal investigator that information is sought for foreign counter intelligence purposes.
B)approval by the federal investigator's supervisor.
C)approval by a federal judge.
D)All of these are required
Q3) The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISCR) issues numerous published opinions each year, many of them restricting the use of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).
A)True
B)False
Q4) What purpose do National Security Letters (NSLs) serve How do NSLs differ from subpoenas
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Self-Incrimination
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Q1) Defendants who have been arraigned have a right to have counsel present during all subsequent interrogation sessions whether or not they are in custody.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Will Eric's statement to Officer Franklin be admissible
A)Yes, there is an exception to the Miranda requirements for statements made at booking.
B)Yes, under Berghuis v.Thompkin all statements are admissible if the suspect voluntarily answers questions.
C)No, Eric was in custody at the time Officer Franklin questioned him and he had not waived his Miranda rights.
D)No, the question did not pertain to the charges that Eric was being booked on.
Q3) Statements obtained from the defendant in violation of Miranda can be used for impeachment as long as the statements were made voluntarily.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast interrogation during a stop based on reasonable suspicion and one after arrest.
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17
Chapter 16: Identification Procedures
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Q1) A person who attended a lineup that was conducted in an unconstitutional manner may not testify at trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A photographic lineup:
A)Can only be done with pictures taken for use in photographic lineups
B)Can be done with high school yearbooks
C)Can only include individuals suspected of committing the crime
D)Should include all individuals suspected of committing in same crime
Q3) In-court identifications of the defendant are allowed only if the witness has previously identified the defendant as the perpetrator.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A suspect has the right to have an attorney present during a showup:
A)Under all circumstances
B)Only for showups held after arrest
C)Only for showups held after the first court appearance
D)Never
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Chapter 17: Preparing the Case for Court
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Q1) When presenting a case to the prosecutor, a police officer should discuss the witnesses:
A)and report their statements in the best possible light.
B)give the prosecutor copies of their statements and make no comments.
C)tell the prosecutor both the strengths and weaknesses of each witness.
D)tell the prosecutor only his/her personal opinions about the witnesses.
Q2) If an item of evidence is not in the courtroom when a witness is testifying about it:
A)the judge is required to grant a recess so the attorney can bring it to the courtroom.
B)the attorney can be held in contempt of court for failing to bring the evidence at the time it is needed.
C)the witness will not be allowed to testify about the evidence.
D)the judge may rule that the item may not be admitted into evidence.
Q3) Explain what an officer should do to prepare for presenting the case to the prosecutor.
Q4) Preservation and storage of the evidence is the responsibility of the prosecutor assigned to the case.
A)True
B)False
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Page 19