Police Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Police Psychology explores the application of psychological principles and methods to law enforcement settings. This course examines the roles and responsibilities of police psychologists, including assessment, crisis intervention, consultation, and training of officers. Topics include the psychological screening and selection of personnel, stress management, coping strategies, use of force, negotiation tactics, and the psychological impacts of police work on officers and the communities they serve. Students will gain insight into the collaboration between mental health professionals and law enforcement, as well as ethical and cultural considerations in police psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour A Canadian Perspective 2nd Edition by Shelley Brown
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14 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime in Canada Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Offenders who receive sentences of less than two years or who receive community sentences such as fines are under which jurisdiction?
A)provincial
B)federal
C)municipal
D)international
Answer: A
Q2) According to a phone survey conducted by Latimer and Desjardins (2007),approximately what percentage of the Canadian public has been victimized by crime?
A)10%
B)30%
C)60%
D)85%
Answer: B
Q3) The majority of crimes reflect ordinary individuals dealing with ordinary problems.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biological and Evolutionary Explanations
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the design and results of Caspi et al.'s (2002) groundbreaking study demonstrating the interaction of a specific gene and childhood maltreatment.
Answer: Researchers were interested to know how a low-activity version of the MAOA gene may or may not intensify the effects of childhood maltreatment.The MAOA gene is in part responsible for metabolizing the key neurotransmitters implicated in aggression and there are two versions: low activity and high activity.The study was epidemiological and followed a cohort from birth to age 26.They found a strong "gene by environment" interaction across four measures of antisocial behaviour - conduct disorder,violent convictions,violent disposition,and antisocial personality disorder symptoms.Over 80% of youth classified as having low MAOA activity and suffered childhood maltreatment were classified as conduct disordered; however only 40% with high activity MAOA plus severe maltreatment were similarly classified.While maltreatment by itself had deleterious effects,its effects were exacerbated by the presence of low-activity MAOA gene.Furthermore,merely having the low-activity MAOA gene type did not elevate risk of antisocial behaviour.
Q2) Evolutionary theories are considered to be proximate explanations of crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Learning and Environment Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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42 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-sectional research methodology is employed when researchers follow groups of individuals over time to examine how their behaviour changes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Learning theories of crime assume that there is no natural,or inherent,impulse to act antisocially.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In terms of using punishment as an effective strategy for either increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a behaviour,the three factors that are important to consider are:
A)immediacy,random feedback,and intensity
B)immediacy,consistency and intensity
C)reinforcement,feedback and intensity
D)location,consistency and immediacy
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Canadian Corrections in Practice Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Overall,restorative justice programs are ineffective across multiple measures and do not prove to be an effective alternative to incarceration.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Effective correctional practice must be informed by:
A)talking with offenders
B)theory and evidence
C)principles of classical conditioning
D)principles of operant conditioning
Q3) Social and political confidence in offender rehabilitation in Canada is very high.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Providing programming to lower risk offenders may help decrease their likelihood of reoffending.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the four generations of risk assessments as proposed by Bonta (1996).
Page 6
Q6) Explain the major themes of retribution,incapacitation,and deterrence.
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Chapter 5: Adolescent Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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43 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Offenders are more likely to have had delivery/birth complications compared to non-offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Statistics Canada,the most common sentence imposed on adolescent offenders in 2011-2012 was:
A)probation
B)fines
C)jail time
D)community service
Q3) When examining the prediction of future adult offending,age of onset is a critical factor.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Childhood-onset trajectory is a very common occurrence,affecting about 40% of the general population.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
Q5) What community influences are factors in adolescent offending?
Q6) Explain the term "resiliency" as it relates to adolescent offending.
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Economically Motivated Offenders Psychology
of Criminal Behaviour
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generally a "criminal organization" is defined as:
A)a group composed of three or more persons with the main purpose the commission of a serious offence that would result in material benefit
B)a group composed of two or more persons with the main purpose the commission of an offence that would result in material or status benefit
C)a group composed of three or more persons,coming together randomly to commit an offence
D)a group composed of six or more persons with the main purpose the commission of a serious offence that would result in material benefit
Q2) _______________ generates the greatest profits for organized crime groups.
A)Human trafficking
B)Prostitution
C)Identity theft
D)Drug trafficking
Q3) The Criminal Code of Canada divides fraud into two categories: fraud under $1000 and fraud over $1000.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Substance Abusing Offenders Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the Disease Model of addiction to substances.
Q2) Describe the prevalence of substance abuse among incarcerated populations in Canada.
Q3) Substance abusing offenders are increasingly being managed in the criminal justice system by being:
A)sentenced to longer jail terms to deter their substance abuse
B)diverted out of the regular court system and into specialized drug courts
C)ordered by the court to attend institutional drug rehabilitation programs
D)instructed to deal with their addiction issues privately
Q4) Mitchell,Wilson,and Mackenzie (2006) conducted a meta-analysis of research on corrections-based substance abuse programming.Explain their methodology and findings.
Q5) In Canada,rates of recreational marijuana use are estimated to be ______ for all adults and _____ for young adults.
A)70-75%; 5-10%
B)5-10%; 30-35%
C)20-30%; 10-15%
D)10-15%; 20-30%
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Violent Offending Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the offence characteristics of violence in Canada.
Q2) Discuss the challenges to concluding,based on current research,that treatments for violent offenders are successful at decreasing recidivism.
Q3) Approximately how many victims of violence suffer physical injury?
A)1 in 10
B)1 in 7
C)1 in 5
D)1 in 2
Q4) The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) employs an unstructured clinical judgment approach to risk assessment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain violent recidivism rates in Canada.
Q6) All acts of terrorism involve violence against a person.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Outline how the Social Learning theory and General Aggression Model (GAM) differ in explaining the development of violence and aggression.
Q8) Outline the four types of homicide identified in the Canadian Criminal Code. Page 11
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Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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40 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the reasons why intimate partner violence is worthy of study is that it differs from other types of violence because it is usually perpetrated by strangers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is more likely that a person who has a mental disorder is going to be a perpetrator of intimate partner violence than a victim of intimate partner violence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which three factors have been consistently found to be associated with an increased likelihood of a man committing physical violence against a partner?
A)personality disorders,young age,and low social capital
B)young age,low income,and depression
C)young age,low income,and exposure to parental violence
D)fear of rejection,alcohol use problems and exposure to parental violence
Q4) Describe the ecological model of family violence.
Q5) Discuss how gender bias in intimate violence is expressed by the police,courts,and treatment professionals.
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Chapter 10: Mentally Disordered Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between mental illness,symptoms,and crime?
A)The type of crime committed varies by mental illness and symptom type
B)The type of crime committed varies by mental illness but not by symptom type
C)The type of crime committed varies by symptom type but not by mental illness
D)The type of crime committed does not vary by either mental illness or symptom type
Q2) Why are the police often referred to as "street corner psychiatrists"?
A)Police officers to speak to the public about how they are feeling about crime in their neighbourhoods as part of their job
B)Police can develop mental health issues on the job and often look to their colleagues for assistance on how to cope
C)Police officers are becoming the frontline contact for many mentally-ill victims and perpetrators of crime
D)Police training is now comprised of equal parts law enforcement training and clinical counselling training
Q3) Discuss the concept of mens rea.
Q4) Explain the DSM and its usage.
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Chapter 11: Psychopathic Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the DSM-5,psychopathy is referred to as:
A)Sociopathy
B)Antisocial Personality Disorder
C)Criminal Personality Disorder
D)Psychosis
Q2) A rater-based instrument for the assessment of psychopathy in adults that is considered by some to be the "gold standard" and has been adopted worldwide as the most reliable and valid measure is the:
A)Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
B)Hare Psychological Symptoms - Revised
C)Hare Personality Inventory - Revised
D)Hare Psychotic Scale - Revised
Q3) Results from research on female victims of psychopaths indicate that:
A)they are more likely to be victimized by female psychopaths than male psychopaths
B)psychopaths are more likely to have victims that are strangers than non-psychopaths
C)all victims report being harmed or having their health affected by psychopaths
D)it is rare for psychopaths to engage in economic abuse of victims
Q4) How has the concept of psychopathy evolved over time?
Page 15
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Chapter 12: Sexual Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual offenders with the highest levels of emotional congruence with children are most likely to offend against children to whom they are not related.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Beliefs that condone,justify,excuse,minimize,rationalize,or otherwise support sexual offending are called:
A)cognitive biases
B)offender justifications
C)rape myths
D)sexual offender philosophies
Q3) Describe Finkelhor's Four Factor and Seto's Motivation-Facilitation Models of Child Sexual Offending.
Q4) In terms of sexual abuse,children are most often victimized by family members and adolescents,while adults are most often victimized by acquaintances or friends.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to the DSM-5,what is pedophilia?
Page 16
Q6) Provide an overview of the scope of sex offending in Canada.
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Chapter 13: Female Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to PIC-R theory,which of the following options is MOST powerful in predicting crime?
A)antisocial cognitions,associates,and personality
B)lower class or economic disadvantage
C)substance abuse
D)marital factors (such as domestic violence)
Q2) Prior to 1975,the focus on the female offender traditionally focused on:
A)the 'criminalized survivor' perspective
B)biological and sexuality factors
C)the 'nasty girl' hypothesis
D)impulsivity
Q3) According to the Canadian data,males outnumber females in all forms of non-violent crime except:
A)prostitution
B)property crimes
C)theft
D)drug-related offenses
Q4) Girls and women commit substantially less criminal behaviour than boys and men.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Aboriginal Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how colonialism may have lead to Aboriginal overrepresentation in the criminal justice system.
Q2) One of the cultural aspects that differs in Aboriginal concepts of justice compared to that of western perspectives is that:
A)there is no concept of property in Aboriginal communities
B)in the Aboriginal perspective,only certain people should be able be witnesses and have a say at trial
C)in Aboriginal cultures,refusing to talk is approved as a way to avoid self-incrimination
D)in Aboriginal cultures,refusing to make eye contact is a sign of respect for authority,but may be misinterpreted as evading the truth or lying
Q3) Aboriginal-specific risk assessment tools are specifically designed to guide management of an offender and are not designed to assess recidivism risk.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Outline the childhood risk factors associated higher rates of Aboriginal offending.
Q5) Discuss the possible role of fetal alcohol syndrome in Aboriginal offending.
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