Police and Society
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Course Introduction
Police and Society explores the complex relationship between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. This course examines the historical evolution of policing, the organizational structure and culture of police departments, and the social, economic, and political factors that shape police practices. Key topics include police discretion, accountability, use of force, crime prevention strategies, and the impact of race, class, and gender on policing. Students will also analyze contemporary issues such as community policing, police reform, and the challenges of building trust between the police and diverse segments of society.
Recommended Textbook
The Police in America An Introduction 8th Edition by Samuel Walker
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Police and Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups create the myth of the crime fighter police officer?
A)the movies
B)televisions shows about cops
C)the news media
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) At the root of community policing is the idea that special units should be created to implement community policing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The idea that the police are a "thin blue line" fighting a war on crime adds to their image as
A)supporting order maintenance.
B)federal officers.
C)crime fighters.
D)professional officers.
E)educated officers.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The History of the American Police
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Q1) The first police women
A)did not perform regular patrol duty.
B)usually did not wear uniforms.
C)did not carry weapons.
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) The police today are a product of their A)biology.
B)race.
C)sex.
D)history.
Answer: D
Q3) The "father" of modern policing is known as A)August Vollmer.
B)Darryl Gates.
C)Theodore Roosevelt.
D)Robert Peel.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Contemporary Law Enforcement Industry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The county jail is usually maintained by
A)the sheriff.
B)the police chief.
C)the county court.
D)the state department of corrections.
Answer: A
Q2) What does most of a police agency's budget go toward?
A)insurance
B)personnel costs
C)litigation fees
D)technological advances
Answer: B
Q3) There are over _____________ federal law enforcement officers.
A)10,000
B)15,000
C)45,000
D)71,000
E)93,000
Answer: E
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Police Organizations
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Q1) Most large police agencies engage in collective bargaining procedures.What are the findings concerning agencies that do not engage in collective bargaining?
A)The officers of these agencies have higher job satisfaction.
B)Officers spend more time and efforts on crime prevention.
C)These officers are typically better paid due to the availability of funds.
D)They typically do not receive shift differential pay or education incentive pay.
Q2) Community policing is an alternative to the traditional form of policing.Its placement of greater responsibility on officers to be more responsive to neighborhood residents in an attempt to ______________ more traditional organizations.
A)decentralize
B)deformalize
C)despecialize
D)delayerize
Q3) What is the purpose of grievance procedures?
A)to provide employers a way around civil service limitations
B)to provide officers an avenue for expressing concerns with policies
C)to allow paid leave for family emergencies
D)to provide due process in resolving appeals for contract violations
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Chapter 5: Police Of cers I: Entering Police Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of Americans age 18 to 25 report ever having used marijuana?
A)37 percent
B)40 percent
C)54 percent
D)60 percent
E)73 percent
Q2) The Supreme Court upheld the use of race in law school admissions in the state of
A)New York.
B)Florida.
C)California.
D)Texas.
E)Michigan.
Q3) Opponents of affirmative action argue that it lowers personnel standards by forcing the employer to hire persons with A) distinct minority status.
B) entitlement status, who double dip in treasury funds.
C) lower qualifications.
D) higher IQ, who do not remain with the organization.
Q4) According to the text, why do people become police officers?
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Chapter 6: Police Of cers II: on the Job
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Q1) The opportunity for a police officer to move to other police departments with the same or higher rank is
A)the normal way to get promoted.
B)accepted in most police departments.
C)somewhat limited.
D)extremely limited.
Q2) According to the text, gay and lesbian police officers challenge
A)recruiting practices.
B)stereotypes involving the macho nature of police work.
C)heterosexual power in the hierarchy
D)the fact of the macho nature of police work.
Q3) Which of the following is a source of stress for officers on the job?
A)the police department itself
B)citizen disrespect
C)the threat of danger.
D)sexual harassment (for female officers)
E)all of these
Q4) In his study of the LAPD, Steve Herbert identified six different factors that shape police officer behavior.What are those six factors?
Q5) What were the findings of the Police Foundation study of policewomen on patrol?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Patrol: the Backbone of Policing
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Q1) The first event to test the effectiveness of patrol that met minimum standards of scientific research was called the
A)Illinois Patrol Effectiveness Study.
B)Newark Patrol Response Survey.
C)Texas Patrol Response Study.
D)Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.
Q2) The interval between the discovery of a crime and when the citizen calls the police is called the
A)response time.
B)arrival time.
C)appearance time.
D)answer time.
E)reporting time.
Q3) Which of the following is not a characteristic of "active" supervisors?
A)leads by example
B)heavily involved in the field
C)controls patrol officer behavior
D)negative view of subordinates
Q4) What are some of the problems that dispatchers create when answering the 911 system?
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Chapter 8: Peacekeeping and Order Maintenance
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the estimated yearly gross revenue from prostitution in the United States?
A)$11-$13 million
B)$2-$3 billion
C)$4-$6 million
D)$7-$9 billion
Q2) On an average evening, what percentage of all drivers are driving intoxicated?
A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)25 percent
D)20 percent
Q3) To a police officer, an argument involving two or more persons engaged in an intimate relationship is called a
A)home call.
B)house fight.
C)domestic disturbance.
D)cat fight.
E)dog fight.
Q4) What are some of the unique problems for law enforcement in dealing with mentally ill people?
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Chapter 9: The Police and Crime
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Q1) If a reported crime cannot proceed for a variety of legal or environmental factors, police may later choose to
A)clear the case.
B)unfound the crime.
C)investigate it for some other crime.
D)refer it to another agency.
Q2) When the police have identified the suspect that they believe committed the crime, it is said that the crime has been A)completed.
B)arrested.
C)cleared.
D)deterred.
Q3) Most hate crimes are motivated by A)religious bias.
B)racial or ethnic bias.
C)sexual orientation bias.
D)ethnic bias.
Q4) The police solve only 20 percent of all index crimes each year. A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Innovations in Police Strategy
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Q1) Programs such as Neighborhood Watch, Operation ID, and Crime Stoppers are all a form of which strategy?
A)mobilization
B)disorder prevention
C)consultation
D)crime analysis
Q2) In the problem solving process SARA the data used to develop a strategy to address the problem represents
A)Scanning.
B)Analysis
C)Response.
D)Assessment.
Q3) In the CAPS program, citizens were asked to list the biggest problems in the neighborhood.What was the biggest problem according to citizens?
A)traffic enforcement
B)gang-related problems
C)drug dealing
D)loud music
E)police disregard for citizens
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Police Discretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The exercise of police discretion through written policy is called
A)department philosophy.
B)bureaucratic controls.
C)administrative rulemaking.
D)profession downward judgment.
Q2) The criminal law is often used to deal with social and medical issues such as homelessness or chronic alcohol abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the four points mentioned in the text about discretionary decisions related to order maintenance made by patrol officers?
Q4) What are the good ways that discretion can be used?
Q5) Critics argue that the traditional professional model does not apply to policing because
A)recruitment standards of policing are rigorous and thorough.
B)training academies are extensive and long, compared to other professions.
C)policing is more a craft than a profession.
D)the peer culture of policing does not tolerate improper behavior.
Q6) Explain the five underlying sources of police discretion.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Legitimacy and Community Relations
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Q1) Albert Reiss found that white and black officers were about equally likely to use force and were most likely to use force against members of their own race.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who is most likely to be shot by a police officer?
A)a white male
B)a Hispanic male
C)an Asian male
D)a black male
Q3) According to William A.Westley, the police subculture view of citizens is that
A)a face-to-face encounter with a citizen is always going to be confrontational.
B)for the most part, all encounters with citizens are negative.
C)generally, the citizenry needs police and are accepting of them.
D)the public was against the police or hated the police.
Q4) What is the largest minority group in America?
A)African Americans
B)Hispanics/Latinos
C)Asians
D)Haitians
Q5) What is the different between under-protection vs.over-enforcement?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Police Corruption
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Q1) The police "pad" is defined as
A)the place where the officer could sleep on duty.
B)the process involving regular payoffs to the officers to protect an ongoing illegal activity.
C)the record of which bar owners were to be protected and which were to be forced out of business until monies were paid to the police.
D)the pad of paper held by the lieutenant at the desk where officers would pick up monies for extra protection from merchants.
Q2) The least serious form of corruption exists when
A)it involves only a few police officers acting on their own.
B)only the police chief is engaged in corrupt acts.
C)several corrupt officers cooperate with one another.
D)three to five officers work semi-independently, protecting each other.
Q3) The Knapp Commission concluded that, in many ways, the rotten-apple police-corruption doctrine had actually
A)attracted many morally inferior people to policing.
B)been an obstacle to meaningful reform meant to root out corruption.
C)led to the advent of police reform throughout the nation.
D)improved the hiring standards for police personnel.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Accountability of the Police
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the key elements of the COMPSTAT program discussed in this chapter?
Q2) In an early intervention system, what happens to the officers who are identified by the computerized data base as having performance problems?
A)They are subject to an intervention.
B)They are demoted.
C)They are fired.
D)They receive heavy supervision for one year
Q3) Which public interest group provided briefs that became the basis for the Supreme Court's decisions in the Mapp and Miranda cases?
A)the Warren Commission
B)Mothers Against Drunk Driving
C)Risk Management
D)the American Civil Liberties Union
Q4) Edward Littlejohn's study of police misconduct litigation in Detroit through the 1970s found that suits
A)produce many reforms and changes.
B)produce few reforms.
C)produce changes in who is the chief of police.
D)produce changes in how the police academies trained their recruits.
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Chapter 15: The Future of Policing in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following types of crime analysis focuses on providing summary statistics and data to police managers?
A)analytical crime analysis
B)administrative crime analysis
C)strategic crime analysis
D)tactical crime analysis
E)scientific crime analysis
Q2) People interested in a career in federal law enforcement should expect to move to a different geographic area of the nation upon being employed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is run by the A)Department of Homeland Security.
B)FBI.
C)Attorney General's Office.
D)DEA.
E)INS.
Q4) How does computer technology offer an opportunity for greater police effectiveness through COMPSTAT?
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