Police and Society Exam Practice Tests

Course Introduction

This course explores the dynamic relationship between the police and the communities they serve, examining the historical development, structure, and functions of policing within society. Students will analyze key issues such as the role of law enforcement in social control, community engagement, police discretion, accountability, and the impact of race, class, and gender on policing practices. By critically assessing contemporary challenges facing modern police forces such as use of force, public trust, and reform efforts the course provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of policing in democratic societies.

Recommended Textbook

The Police in America An Introduction 8th Edition by Samuel Walker

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Police and Society

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Sample Questions

Q1) The Chicago Alternative Police Strategy is a type of

A)community policing.

B)team policing.

C)problem-oriented policing.

D)police-community relations.

E)SWAT team.

Answer: A

Q2) George Kelling and Catherine Coles argue that

A)more SWAT teams are needed because of the threat of terrorism in large American cities.

B)penalties for crimes must be reduced.

C)penalties for criminal behavior must be increased.

D)tough enforcement on minor crimes directly contributes to a significant reduction is serious crime.

Answer: D

Q3) The typical police officer never fires his or her weapon during their career.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Page 3

Chapter 2: The History of the American Police

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Q1) Which commission found that the police used the "third degree" to extract confessions from suspects?

A)the Kansas City Commission

B)the Knapp Commission

C)the Kerner Commission

D)the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement

Answer: D

Q2) An important figure in American law enforcement appointed in the 1930s as the Director of the Bureau of Investigation was known as

A) Ernesto Miranda.

B)J.Edgar Hoover.

C)Elliot Ness.

D)Darryl Gates.

Answer: B

Q3) A 1998 report by Human Rights Watch concluded that race no longer plays a central role in police brutality in the United States.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

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Page 4

Chapter 3: The Contemporary Law Enforcement Industry

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Q1) What is the most important law Congress has passed that applies directly to state and local enforcement agencies?

A)the Social Security Act

B)the Gun Control Act

C)the Violent Crime Control Act

D)the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Answer: D

Q2) County police departments involve

A)police who only have detainment authority and no law responsibility.

B)departments who engage in continuous evaluations of municipal police.

C)municipal police that operate on a countywide basis.

D)all of the above

Answer: C

Q3) The idea of consolidating several smaller agencies into larger ones is an effort to solve which problem?

A)budget costs

B)fragmentation

C)low attrition rates

D)merging

Answer: B

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Chapter 4: Police Organizations

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Q1) In the history of policing, professional police departments are the ones in which police officers do their job "by the book."

A)True

B)False

Q2) Despecializing in policing is

A)police place greater responsibility on rank-and-file officers at the neighborhood level to become more responsive to neighborhood residents.

B)rules and policies that often stifle police creativity and do not encourage problem solving are eliminated.

C)specialized units with neighborhood officers who are more knowledgeable about the problems that face their neighborhoods are established.

D)the amount of social and administrative distance between the beat officer and the chief of police is decreased.

Q3) What is the premise of the resource dependency theory?

A)Organizations are most effective when decentralized.

B)Organizations are created to meet specific goals.

C)Organizations require social contacts.

D)Organizations must obtain resources to survive.

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Chapter 5: Police Of cers I: Entering Police Work

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Q1) The number and quality of persons in the applicant pool depend in part on a department's

A)recruitment budget.

B)reaction to the economy.

C)ability to secure federal funding.

D)recruitment effort.

Q2) This concept, the basis of which an employer must take positive steps to remedy past discrimination, is called

A) past practices correction.

B)affirmative action.

C)discrimination remedy.

D)employee employment justice.

Q3) At the police academy, sworn police officers who had obtained college credentials and used college-style teaching techniques are called

A)police academics.

B)police careerists.

C)maladaptive generalists.

D)legalists.

E)all of these

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Page 7

Chapter 6: Police Of cers II: on the Job

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Q1) William Westley defines reality shock as

A)the experience a new police officer has in his first few months on the job.

B)the experience a new police officer has when he opens his first paycheck.

C)the experience a new police officer has at the police academy.

D)the experience a new police officer has on the firing range.

Q2) Officers hired in one decade often have ideas and lifestyles different from those of officers hired in another decade.This phenomenon, which can generate conflicts within police departments, is known as the

A)cohort effect.

B)generation effect.

C)rookie effect.

D)fraternal effect.

Q3) Official data on citizens' complaints in New York City indicate that __________ police officers receive a disproportionate number of complaints.

A)White

B)Black

C)Hispanic

D)none of these (White, Black, and Hispanic officers receive complaints in proportion to their presence in police departments.)

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Page 8

Chapter 7: Patrol: the Backbone of Policing

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Q1) The interval between the discovery of a crime and when the citizen calls the police is called the

A)response time.

B)arrival time.

C)appearance time.

D)answer time.

E)reporting time.

Q2) What are the six factors affecting the delivery of patrol services?

Q3) ____________, creator of the modern police, defined the purpose of police patrol.

A)James Q.Wilson

B)Robert Peel

C)Patrick Murphy

D)August Vollmer

E)O.W.Wilson

Q4) Which of the following is not a characteristic of "supportive" supervisors?

A)provide inspirational motivation

B)provide discipline for honest mistakes

C)serve as buffers between subordinates and management

D)offer the space to perform duties without constant worry

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Chapter 8: Peacekeeping and Order Maintenance

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Q1) Police officers exercise great discretion in handling domestic disturbances.What is the most common response in handling these disturbances?

A)arrest

B)mediation

C)separating the parties

D)referral to a third party

Q2) Officers exercise great discretion in handling the mentally ill.Which is not one of their basic options?

A)hospitalization

B)arrest

C)medically assisted sedation

D)informal disposition

Q3) What is the estimated yearly gross revenue from prostitution in the United States?

A)$11-$13 million

B)$2-$3 billion

C)$4-$6 million

D)$7-$9 billion

Q4) What are the four citizen expectations, as proposed by John C.Meyer?

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Chapter 9: The Police and Crime

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Q1) How many agencies is the Department of Homeland Security responsible for coordinating?

A)22

B)53

C)104

D)35

Q2) Preliminary investigations consist of five basic steps.Which of the following is not one of these basic steps?

A)preparing preliminary reports

B)securing the crime scene

C)providing referral information to witnesses

D)collecting all relevant evidence

Q3) The 2004 National Youth Gang Survey reported that there were ________ gang members active in the United States.

A)369,000

B)461,000

C)500,000

D)609,000

E)731,000

Q4) What are three reasons that a police officer might unfound a crime?

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Chapter 10: Innovations in Police Strategy

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Q1) Evaluations of community policing are generally more positive than problem-oriented policing.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The strategy for police to primarily focus on disorder and minor crimes is called A)minor crime enforcement.

B)zero tolerance policing.

C)problem oriented policing.

D)aggressive peace policing.

Q3) In the problem solving process SARA, involving the rigorous feedback and effectiveness represents A)scanning.

B)analysis

C)response.

D)assessment.

Q4) Describe the six basic points of the CAPS program.

Q5) Both community policing and problem-oriented policing originated in the late 1970s and 1980s as a result of a series of crises in policing.Explain the four crises that provided the impetus for change.

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Chapter 11: Police Discretion

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Q1) The exercise of police discretion through written policy is called

A)department philosophy.

B)bureaucratic controls.

C)administrative rulemaking.

D)profession downward judgment.

Q2) The probability of arrest and officers use of force increase when a suspect is

A)wanted by law enforcement.

B)socially rejected by law enforcement.

C)disrespectful toward police.

D)offends others in the presence of police.

Q3) One factor that most contributes to the exercise of discretion is the police A)visibility.

B)work environment.

C)public expectation.

D)budget pressures.

Q4) What is an advantage that written rules offers to the citizenry?

A)They eliminate any confusion over law-abiding behavior.

B)They ensure equal protection of the law.

C)They ensure a person's satisfaction with police efforts.

D)They mandate that police attend to the victim's preferences.

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Chapter 12: Legitimacy and Community Relations

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Q1) One study suggests that police are more likely to stop drivers who in their judgment are "out of place;" that is they will stop whites in African American neighborhoods in a similar fashion to stopping African Americans in white neighborhoods.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The purpose of having a diverse work force within a police organization is

A)to end unlawful employment discrimination.

B)to improve the quality of police services, as minority officers will better able to relate to minority citizens and will not engage in discriminatory behavior.

C)that adding minority officers will alter the police subculture and affect the attitudes and behavior of other officers.

D)All of these are reasons to have a diverse work force.

Q3) Gunnar Myrdal found four different systems of justice based on race.What are they?

Q4) Hispanics are now the largest minority group in the country.

A)True

B)False

Q5) What are the four dimensions of trust in policing?

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Page 14

Chapter 13: Police Corruption

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Q1) Public opinion polls consistently indicate that the police rank lower than other occupations in terms of perceived honesty and integrity.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The Mollen Commission investigated which police department?

A)Los Angeles

B)New York City

C)Chicago

D)Las Vegas

E)Denver

Q3) Corruption may flourish in a department where it is tolerated, and the same temptations to corruption may prevail in the community.However, individual honest officers typically will not succumb, even if they believe they won't be caught or the punishment, if caught, will not be severe.

A)True

B)False

Q4) What are the social-structural explanations of police corruption? Summarize each in detail.

Q5) What are the components of an effective internal corruption control program?

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Chapter 14: Accountability of the Police

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Q1) Edward Littlejohn's study of police misconduct litigation in Detroit through the 1970s found that suits

A)produce many reforms and changes.

B)produce few reforms.

C)produce changes in who is the chief of police.

D)produce changes in how the police academies trained their recruits.

Q2) Michael Dowd was a highly decorated police officer for New York City who exposed corruption while testifying to the Knapp Commission.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The unwillingness of police officers to report misconduct by other officers is called the

A)performance closure.

B)code of silence.

C)unity of silence.

D)brotherhood of blue.

Q4) What are the differences and similarities between civilian review boards and police auditors?

Q5) What are some of the major issues with the internal affairs division?

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Chapter 15: The Future of Policing in America

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Sample Questions

Q1) The analysis of spatial patterns of crime with hot spots is referred to as

A)crime mapping.

B)geographic spacing.

C)pattern identification.

D)crime spot technology.

Q2) Which of the following is not one of the advantages of Computer-Aided Dispatch?

A)It offers departments a faster and more effective method of communicating with police officers in the field.

B)It enhances safety by monitoring officers' status.

C)It helps prioritize calls.

D)It allows for video monitoring of the officer.

Q3) One of the best recent examples of the impact of research on policy is the development of A)TASER technology.

B)team policing.

C)community policing.

D)women in policing.

Q4) The primary source of funding for police research is the federal government.

A)True

B)False

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