Play and Learning in Early Childhood Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the critical role of play in early childhood development and learning. Students will examine various theories and research on play, considering its impact on cognitive, social, emotional, and physical growth in young children. The course covers the different types and stages of play, the relationship between play and curriculum, and the ways in which adults can facilitate meaningful play experiences. Through observation, practical activities, and reflection, students will learn strategies for creating supportive environments that foster playful learning and development in early childhood settings.
Recommended Textbook
Children Play and Development 4th Edition by Fergus P. Hughes
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10 Chapters
476 Verified Questions
476 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Historical and Theoretical Viewpoints
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77718
Sample Questions
Q1) The toy making industry did not appear until the early part of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) American Behaviorists such as John Watson viewed play as a(n)
A) useless waste of time.
B) means of bringing about social reform.
C) example of operant conditioning.
D) form of behavior disorder.
E) necessary evil.
Answer: B
Q3) Play was discouraged in the lives of Puritan children because
A) it distracted them from study and vocational training.
B) it was seen as the work of the devil.
C) the Puritans hated all forms of playfulness.
D) play was thought to encourage sexual expression.
E) children were never allowed to socialize with one another.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Ethological and Cultural Perspectives
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Farver and Shin's (1997) study of the play of Korean-American children in preschool settings, it was found that, compared to Anglo-Americans, these children
A) begin to play at an earlier age.
B) engage in a greater amount of rough-and-tumble play.
C) are particularly interested in creative play materials, such as clay and paints.
D) spend most of their day in quiet solitary play.
E) involve themselves less often in social pretend play.
Answer: E
Q2) A foot race and a weightlifting competition are examples of games of ________.
Answer: physical skill
Q3) In cultures with limited technological sophistication, for whom survival is a day-to-day affair, one is likely to find
A) games of physical skill only.
B) games of chance only.
C) games of chance and physical skill.
D) games of strategy only.
E) all three types of competitive games.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The First 2 Years of Life
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately one third of mother-infant symbolic play episodes have instrumental functions, meaning that these episodes
A) are not enjoyable for the child.
B) are initiated by the mother rather than the child.
C) have no educational value.
D) are used to educate or control the child.
E) last for only a few seconds at a time.
Answer: D
Q2) Nearly all of the symbolic play episodes that mothers initiate are intended to educate the child in some way or to control the child's behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) By the age of _______ months infants are able to reach out and pick up a block that is set in front of them.
Answer: five
Q4) The main value of toys for infants up to the age of three months is to
Answer: stimulate the senses.
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Chapter 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The children who are the most securely attached to their parents are the ones who have the greatest amount of conflict when playing with peers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The vast majority of the pretend play of preschool children consists of A) solitary activity.
B) parallel play.
C) intense cooperative group interaction.
D) play with imaginary companions.
E) doll play.
Q3) Young children who are very closely attached to their parents display all but which one of the following characteristics?
A) They are more independent and more curious.
B) They would rather play with adults than with other children.
C) They are more sociable and more cooperative in play with peers.
D) They are more likely to explore the physical environment.
E) They're more successful at social pretend play with peers.
Q4) When young children play in traditional playgrounds, most of their time is spent in _________ play.
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Chapter 5: Play in Later Childhood and Adolescence
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John would be described as having a "task orientation" rather than an "ego orientation" when it comes to athletics. John is likely to believe that
A) how you play in comparison to other players is very important.
B) success is defined by the amount of effort you put into your sport.
C) winning matters more than giving it your best effort and losing.
D) highly aggressive play is acceptable if it helps you to win the game.
E) all of the above
Q2) A _______ orientation emphasizes internal standards of mastery and self-improvement.
Q3) There is a decrease in make-believe play during the elementary school years. A)True B)False
Q4) Children of 5 or 6 years are entering a new stage in the development of thinking, what Piaget referred to as the stage of ____________.
Q5) Athletes can differentiate between a morality appropriate in sports and a morality of everyday life. What is the difference, and what does it tell us about the character-building potential of sports?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Gender Differences in Play
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Girls in American society usually have a larger number of toys than boys do, but boys have a larger variety.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Toys designed specifically for girls are likely to A) require construction.
B) involve the manipulation of objects and patterns.
C) focus on movement through space.
D) facilitate verbal interaction.
E) discourage creativity.
Q3) After extensive analysis of the marble games of elementary school children, Piaget observed that games played by girls had fewer _______ than games played by boys.
Q4) Gender differences in fantasy play have been found in A) roles, but not themes or props.
B) roles and themes, but not props.
C) roles and props, but not themes.
D) themes and props only.
E) roles, themes, and props.
Q5) In fantasy play, girls are more willing than boys to play ___________ roles.
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Chapter 7: Play in Special Populations
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have been asked to suggest a list of play materials for use in a hospital play program. What materials would you recommend, and why?
Q2) When a child plays with dolls in sexual ways, this is almost always an indicator that the child has been a victim of sexual abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Asperger's syndrome is characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and significant communication problems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hospitalization is often so stressful an experience for young children that it can actually delay recovery.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The classic "Sally and Anne" study is an example of a _________ experiment, which is the most widely used task to indicate the presence of a theory of mind.
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Chapter 8: Play and Intellectual Development
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Play materials such as paint and clay fit into the category of _______ toys.
A) fluid construction
B) structured construction
C) microsymbolic
D) macrosymbolic
Q2) Children are more likely to consider dance to be play and to enjoy the experience if
A) adults teach them how to imitate dance steps.
B) adults leave them alone and make no effort to teach them to dance.
C) they are praised for making the dance moves correctly.
D) the teacher uses an open-ended approach.
E) there is no music to accompany the dance.
Q3) __________ is the recognition that space can be divided into different-size units and that a certain number of units of one size correspond to a different number of units of another.
Q4) It is no longer widely accepted that the acquisition of reading and writing are specific events that occur when a child had reached an appropriate level of readiness.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Social Benefits of Play
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to parental willingness to play, the other predictor of the closeness of attachment is the ________ of social interaction between parent and child.
A) amount
B) pacing
C) frequency
D) intensity
E) duration
Q2) If children are closely attached to their parents the effects are obvious in early childhood but they disappear by the time the child is in elementary school.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When asked about specific types of musical experience they prefer, children express the least amount of interest in
A) dancing and moving freely to music.
B) singing songs.
C) playing musical instruments.
D) listening to music.
E) being an active participant in the experience.
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11
Chapter 10: The Uses of Play in Therapy
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77709
Sample Questions
Q1) Bibiliotherapy and mutual storytelling are identical to one another.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Psychoanalytic and relationship therapists agreed that
A) troubled children are internally motivated to help themselves.
B) play is a valuable form of self-expression.
C) a warm, intimate relationship must be established between therapist and child.
D) a therapist's major role is to interpret the symbolism in a child's play.
E) a climate of permissiveness must be established in the therapy room.
Q3) Which of the following therapists maintained that play is to the child what free association is to the adult?
A) Axline
B) Rogers
C) Klein
D) Freud
E) Moustakas
Q4) Psychologists warn about the danger in _________ children's art, and remind us that one creative work is never enough to tell the whole story about a child's psychological life.
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