Plant Science Test
Bank
Course Introduction
Plant Science is an interdisciplinary course that explores the biological processes, structure, growth, and development of plants. Students will examine plant physiology, genetics, reproduction, and ecology, as well as the fundamental principles that govern plant life. The course also covers topics such as photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, plant-environment interactions, and the role of plants in ecosystems and agriculture. Emphasizing both theoretical and practical aspects, Plant Science provides a foundation for further studies in botany, agriculture, environmental science, and biotechnology.
Recommended Textbook
Sterns Introductory Plant Biology 13th Edition by James Bidlack
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Chapter 1: What Is Plant Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The early scientist who first demonstrated experimentally that plants do not have the same modes of nutrition as animals was
A) Nehemiah Grew.
B) Carl Willdenow.
C) Alexander von Humboldt.
D) Sir J.D.Hooker.
E) J.B.van Helmont.
Answer: E
Q2) The noted Swedish botanist Linnaeus published his book, Species Plantarum, in the early twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Science may be defined as "a search for knowledge of the natural world."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) As living individuals grow and reproduce their response to environmental stimuli may include ___.
A) movement
B) increase in size
C) change in position
D) all of these
E) none of these
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a major component of protoplasm?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) oxygen
D) nitrogen
E) sulfur
Answer: E
Q3) The function of a protein will be either less effective or lost if the three-dimensional shape of the protein is altered.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) The structure known as the ______________ is formed of RNA and associated proteins inside the nucleus.
A) ribosome
B) nucleolus
C) mitochondrion
D) dictyosome (Golgi)
E) nucleus
Answer: B
Q2) _____________ allow people to view objects smaller than 2 micrometers.
A) Magnifying glasses
B) Cameras
C) Electron microscopes
D) Telescopes
E) The Hubble telescope
Answer: C
Q3) Cell vacuoles contain water and dissolved substances.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is a type of sclerenchyma cell?
A) tracheid
B) guard cell
C) collenchyma
D) sieve tube
E) sclereid
Q2) In forming the sieve tube, one sieve tube element is connected to another sieve tube element by
A) pits.
B) stomata.
C) sieve pores.
D) perforations.
E) bordered pits.
Q3) Lignin is found primarily in A) parenchyma.
B) sclerenchyma.
C) collenchyma.
D) aerenchyma.
E) chlorenchyma.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Roots and Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about mycorrhizae is INCORRECT?
A) The type of mycorrhizae in which the fungi invade the plant cells is called endotrophic.
B) Only the plants benefit from a mycorrhizae association.
C) Ectotrophic mycorrhizae do not enter the tree root cells.
D) Mycorrhizae benefit both the plants and the fungi.
E) Mycorrhizae are essential for normal growth and development of trees and many herbaceous plants.
Q2) Clay particles have negative electric charge which tend to retard water drainage and retain positively charged ions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Plant root systems can detect and respond to gravity within 30 minutes to a few hours.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Liming is used to counteract soil acidity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Stems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A twig's age can be determined by
A) counting the number of leaves or leaf scars on it.
B) counting the number of groups of bud scale scars on it.
C) measuring the distances between nodes.
D) counting nodes.
E) examining its pith.
Q2) Nearly all plants produce laticifers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following have no nodes or internodes?
A) stolons
B) rhizomes
C) cladophylls
D) tubers
E) none of these answers are correct.
Q4) Roots produced on rhizomes are adventitious.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Leaves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Xylem and phloem in a leaf are part of the A) veins.
B) epidermis.
C) spongy mesophyll.
D) palisade mesophyll.
E) none of these answers are correct
Q2) The venation that forks repeatedly in leaves is termed A) pinnate.
B) palmate.
C) dichotomous.
D) bilateral.
E) parallel.
Q3) Which leaf cells often resemble jigsaw puzzle pieces when viewed from the top?
A) epidermal cells
B) palisade mesophyll cells
C) spongy mesophyll cells
D) vein phloem cells
E) none of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 8: Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the flesh of pomes comes from A) enlarged stamen bases.
B) the ovary.
C) the receptacle and/or the floral tube.
D) the peduncle.
E) the petal bases.
Q2) When the calyx, corolla, and stamens of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary, the ovary is said to be
A) superior.
B) inflated.
C) inferior.
D) half-inferior.
E) wanting.
Q3) The growth of a seed embryo without any dormancy is known as A) apomixis.
B) parthenocarpy.
C) vivipary.
D) stratification.
E) after-ripening.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Water in Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Molecules that, due to their symmetry, have slightly different electric charges at each end are said to be
A) polar.
B) colloidal.
C) unbalanced.
D) electrocharged.
E) covalent.
Q2) When a solute is dissolved in water, the ___________________ of the water is lowered.
A) osmotic pressure
B) pressure potential
C) turgor pressure
D) osmotic potential
E) gravity potential
Q3) The direction of movement of food molecules in plants is ______________.
A) only from the top of the plant to the root system
B) from the roots to the shoot system
C) from sink to source
D) from source to sink
E) none of these are correct answers
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Chapter 10: Plant Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The citric acid cycle takes place in the ___________________.
A) dictyosome
B) chloroplast
C) nucleus
D) cytoplasm
E) mitochondria
Q2) Hydroponically grown plants are grown in a nutrient solution in which air is bubbled.Why is bubbling of air through the solution needed?
A) Without the air, the solution would become so hot that the enzymes would denature.
B) Bubbling of air through the solution allows soil microbes to thrive.
C) Water and nutrient solutions don't have enough oxygen to sustain aerobic respiration.
D) The bubbling solution increases the relative humidity within the plant chamber which is needed for plant growth.
E) Bubbling of air in the solution is not really needed; its just what is done.
Q3) ADP molecules can become ATP molecules if a phosphate "group" is added to them.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Growth
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Sample Questions
Q1) There probably is only one auxin naturally produced by plants.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fruit ripening process releases large quantities of
A) auxin.
B) cytokinin.
C) ethylene.
D) abscisic acid.
E) gibberellin.
Q3) Which of the following plant growth processes appear to be affected by gibberellin?
A) Increasing stem growth.
B) Reversing genetic dwarfism.
C) Breaking seed dormancy.
D) Stimulate growth at lower temperatures.
E) All of these.
Q4) Differentiation refers to changes in the structure of a cell so that it can perform a specific function.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Meiosis and Alternation of Generation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The haploid number of chromosomes of a plant is 20.The number of chromosomes in root, stem, and leaf cells would be
A) 10.
B) 20.
C) 30.
D) 40.
E) 60.
Q2) In flowering plants, sexual reproduction leads to the production of ______________, the offspring for the next generation.
A) genetically identical plants
B) seed
C) flowers
D) bulbs and corms
E) new shoots
Q3) A plant that reproduces sexually cannot also reproduce asexually.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A homologous chromosome pair has a total of two chromatids.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changes in chromosome number and structure that ____________________ are important in the origin of new species (speciation).
A) are point mutations
B) create new alleles
C) affect the success of meiosis and sexual reproduction
D) interfere with mitosis
E) alter the phenotype of the individual in a somatic mutation
Q2) A recessive factor is one that cannot manifest itself in the phenotype.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most significant cause for exceptions to the Hardy-Weinberg law is A) protoplast fusion.
B) selection.
C) polyploidy.
D) the proportion of dominant genes to recessive genes.
E) random breeding.
Q4) The Hardy-Weinberg law addresses itself to proportions of genes in a normally interbreeding population.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Plant Breeding and Propagation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Restriction enzymes squeeze DNA strands into narrow strips.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A gene pool consists of
A) a liquid suspension of plasmids.
B) DNA fragments that have been broken by restriction enzymes.
C) an aquatic environment inhabited by large numbers of mutant organisms.
D) all the genes of all the individuals in a population.
E) genetically engineered organisms.
Q3) Rhizomes, runners, and potato tubers can be used for asexual propagation by cutting them into sections with each section having a node.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One of the first changes in domesticated plants was probably
A) increased requirement for fertilizer
B) geographic distriubution
C) loss of seed dispersal by wind, water, or animals
D) flower color
E) decrease in size, number of seeds or fruits, and nutritional quality
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Chapter 15: Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the field of evolutionary medicine, researchers apply the process of natural selection to understand, and eventually prevent, the evolution ______________.
A) of pathogenic bacteria resistant to all known antibiotics
B) and development of new antibiotics
C) of sterile techniques in medical labs
D) of non-pathogenic bacteria
E) none of these
Q2) The development from a single gene pool of two gene pools that are different enough to prevent interbreeding usually comes about as a result of A) mutation alone.
B) hybridization.
C) introgression.
D) apomixis alone.
E) geographic or other isolation.
Q3) One key to the origin of new species is geographic isolation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Plant Names and Classification
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Sample Questions
Q1) The science of classifying and naming organisms is called systematics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Whittaker's five-kingdom classification, which of the following is NOT used as a basis for distinguishing among kingdoms?
A) Autotrophic nutrition (i. e., food obtained directly through photosynthesis).
B) Ingestion of solid food.
C) Absorption of food in solution.
D) Prokaryotic cells.
E) Size of the organisms.
Q3) A specific epithet is the second part of a Latin binomial (scientific name)of an organism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The earliest development of the kingdom concept divided all organisms into three kingdoms, animals, plants, and fungi.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Domain Kingdombacteria, Domain
King-Domarchaea, and Viruses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which feature does NOT distinguish archaebacteria from eubacteria?
A) unique base sequences of their RNA molecules.
B) lack of muramic acid in their cell walls.
C) distinctive lipids.
D) presence of ribosomes.
E) their metabolism.
Q2) Cells of higher animals that are invaded by viruses produce a protein called A) interferon.
B) cytochrome k.
C) viroamine.
D) phage.
E) fibril.
Q3) The methane bacteria derive their energy from the generation of methane gas from hydrogen and A) carbon dioxide.
B) oxygen.
C) nitrogen.
D) water.
E) sulphur.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Kingdom Protista
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Sample Questions
Q1) Single-celled algae found in fresh or marine waters are A) kelps.
B) phytoplankton.
C) macroalgae.
D) cyanobacteria.
E) chlorophytes.
Q2) Which of the following is the type of sexual reproduction shown by Spirogyra?
A) oogamy
B) conjugation
C) isogamy
D) heterogamy
E) None of these answers are correct.
Q3) Which of the following commercially important products comes from red algae?
A) funori
B) carrageenan
C) oriental food
D) agar
E) all of these answers are correct
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Chapter 19: Kingdom Fungi
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Sample Questions
Q1) The characteristic reproductive structure produced by fungi in the phylum __________, the coenocytic true fungi, is the ______________.
A) Ascomycota; zygosporangium
B) Zygomycota; zygosporangium
C) Basidiomycota; ascospore
D) Deuteromycota; basidiospore
E) Chytridiomycota; ascoma
Q2) In mushrooms, meiosis takes place in this structure.
A) ascus
B) basidium
C) sporangium
D) hyphae
E) underground mycelium
Q3) Bird's-nest fungi resemble tiny birds' nests.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Nearly all fungi have box like cells in their hyphae.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bryophyte zygotes develop into embryos.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following do "leaves" of mosses lack?
A) stomata
B) petioles
C) mesophyll
D) veins
E) all of these answers are correct
Q3) Which of the following are sterile hairs scattered among moss archegonia and antheridia?
A) rhizoids
B) paraphyses
C) mycorrhizae
D) moss processes
E) None of these answers are correct.
Q4) The elaters of liverworts and hornworts function in producing spores.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their
Relatives
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whisk ferns produce sporangia on the upper surface of leaf-like flaps of tissue called
A) gametophylls
B) microphylls
C) enations
D) sporophylls
E) megaphylls
Q2) The so-called fern allies (relatives of ferns)include several phyla of plants related to ferns.Which of the following belongs to this group?
A) club mosses
B) hornworts
C) liverworts
D) tree ferns
E) lichens
Q3) Both antheridia and archegonia are found on the same gametophyte in a species that is heterosporous.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Resin consists of turpentine and rosin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The oldest known living organisms are believed to be redwoods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT associated with conifers?
A) hypodermis
B) resin canals
C) albuminous cells
D) vessel elements and fibers
E) soft wood
Q4) Ginkgo seeds, although foul-smelling, are edible.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Some gymnosperms produce only a single seed in their female cones.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Seed Plants: Angiosperms
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Sample Questions
Q1) In this question, assume that the life cycle of a flowering plant begins with the germination of a seed and ends with the development of a fruit.Two events that occur in the life cycle are the formation of a tube nucleus and the formation of sperms.
A) The first event precedes the second event.
B) The second event precedes the first event.
C) Both events occur more or less simultaneously.
Q2) A compound pistil contains more than one carpel.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The diversity and number of species of angiosperms is due, in part, to the partnership with animals to aid in pollination and seed dispersal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The part of the flower in which ovules are produced is the A) stigma.
B) stamen.
C) carpel.
D) calyx.
E) anther
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Chapter 24: Flowering Plants and Civilization
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most important families in terms of edible fruits is the Spurge Family.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A dichotomous key is used to ______________________.
A) open a door
B) identify an object or organism unknown to the user of the key
C) classify living organisms based on evolutionary history
D) help scientists discover new species
E) name plants
Q3) Plants first cultivated in South and Central America were rapidly transplanted to Europe by European explorers.Modern Italian dishes, such as pizza and pasta with marinara sauce would not be possible without these plants, first cultivated in this region.
A) lentils, watermelon, nutmeg
B) sunflower, tobacco
C) tomato, common bean, lima bean, red pepper
D) potato, coffee, cinnamon
E) olives, chickpeas, carrot
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26
Chapter 25: Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) More than 100 years ago Thomas Belt called attention to the symbiotic association between Acacia shrubs and ants.Acacia encouraged the association by providing food for the ants and a home in ______________________________.
A) long tendrils
B) rhizomes
C) small tubers
D) large hollow thorns
E) none of these answers are correct
Q2) Nitrogen fixation refers to ______________________.
A) the conversion of organic proteins to nitrogen gas by bacteria
B) chemical conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia in chemical fertilizer production
C) conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia or nitrates by bacteria
D) use of atmospheric nitrogen by plants
E) the presence of nitrogen in proteins of living organisms
Q3) A producer is an organism that carries on photosynthesis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: Biomes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hardwood trees such as oak, maple, walnut, and cherry are vegetational types of:
A) tropical rain forests.
B) temperate deciduous forests.
C) coniferous forests.
D) taiga.
E) tundra.
Q2) Succulents and low-growing, small-leaved shrubs are inhabitants of this biome.
A) deserts
B) savannas
C) deciduous forest
D) coniferous forest
E) taiga
Q3) Tropical rain forests are characterized by high annual rainfall and _____________.
A) nutrient poor soils
B) nutrient rich soils
C) extreme temperature changes
D) seasonal changes in day length
E) high altitude
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Page 28