Plant
Physiology Question Bank
Course Introduction
Plant Physiology explores the fundamental processes and functions that sustain plant life, focusing on how plants grow, develop, and interact with their environment. The course covers key topics such as photosynthesis, respiration, water and nutrient transport, hormone regulation, and stress responses. Through a combination of theoretical understanding and practical experimentation, students gain insights into the molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms underpinning plant systems. Emphasis is placed on the application of physiological principles to agriculture, ecology, and biotechnology, equipping learners with knowledge essential for research and innovation in plant sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Sterns Introductory Plant Biology 13th Edition by James Bidlack
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26 Chapters
1499 Verified Questions
1499 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Plant Biology
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Internet browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Netscape allow access to information about various botanical topics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Humans have contributed to global warming and atmospheric pollution which, in turn will affect plant distribution.However, a change in plant distribution will not affect animal populations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The Swedish botanist who produced the elements of our present system of naming and classifying plants in the eighteenth century was
A) Matt Johnson.
B) Carolus Linnaeus.
C) Gustav Bjorklund.
D) J.B.van Helmont.
E) Olaf Anderson.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons?
A) ionic
B) covalent
C) hydrogen
D) both [ionic and covalent] are correct
E) both [ionic and hydrogen] are correct
Answer: A
Q2) Unfilled positions within an electron orbital tend to make the atom
A) unreactive.
B) neutral.
C) less reactive.
D) more reactive.
E) stable.
Answer: D
Q3) An ion is neither positively nor negatively charged.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Cells
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell wall functions _______________________.
A) as support
B) as a barrier between plant and outside environment
C) as protection for fragile cells
D) to provide and maintain functional cell shape
E) all of these
Answer: E
Q2) The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is A) protoplasm.
B) cytosol
C) cell sap.
D) pectin.
E) stroma.
Answer: B
Q3) The region of a chromosome to which a spindle fiber may be attached is called a chromatid.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sieve-tube elements have pairs of pits in their end walls.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The different primary meristems produce cells which will develop and mature into different tissues.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Some epidermal cells may be modified as glands.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chlorenchyma tissue is composed primarily of collenchyma cells.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In grasses and related plants, intercalary meristems are found in the vicinity of A) axillary buds.
B) roots.
C) nodes.
D) cuticles.
E) leaf tips.
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Chapter 5: Roots and Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) The protective suberin bands called Casparian strips are confined to the cells of the epidermis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Soil parent material extends down to bedrock.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In addition to anchoring a plant, roots usually function directly in which of the following processes?
A) Photosynthesis.
B) Production of new leaves.
C) Production of bud scales.
D) Absorption of minerals in solution.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Soil bacteria and fungi are important components of soil because they contribute to soil porosity and release useable minerals by decomposing organic matter.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Stems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cladophyll is a stem with thick bark.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following gives rise to primary tissues?
A) procambium
B) phelloderm
C) cork cambium
D) vascular cambium
E) phloem rays
Q3) Which of the following statements pertaining to monocots is true?
A) They have no vascular cambium.
B) Their vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
C) Most of them are woody.
D) They have a definite cortex and pith.
E) Their stems generally have conspicuous cork.
Q4) Phloem rays appear to be continuous with xylem rays.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Leaves
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arrangement of leaves on a stem is referred to as __________________.
A) the venation
B) alternate
C) nodular
D) phyllotaxy
E) random distribution
Q2) A conspicuous organelle at the light microscope level in cells of the palisade mesophyll would be
A) chloroplasts.
B) nucleoli.
C) mitochondria.
D) vacuoles.
E) ribosomes.
Q3) Which of the following insect-trapping leaves do NOT have active traps?
A) sundews
B) pitcher plants
C) butterworts
D) bladderworts
E) Venus flytraps
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups of fruits would botanically be classified as nuts?
A) almonds, walnuts
B) coconuts, cashews
C) peanuts, pistachios
D) brazil nuts, pecans
E) acorns, hazelnuts
Q2) The hilum on a bean seed marks the spot where a radicle will emerge.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A berry with a leathery skin containing oils is called a
A) drupe.
B) hesperidium.
C) pepo.
D) pome.
E) true berry.
Q4) All legumes release their seeds through an active splitting action.
A)True
B)False
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10
Chapter 9: Water in Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an essential micronutrient?
A) Magnesium
B) Sulphur
C) Calcium
D) Phosphorus
E) Manganese
Q2) Plants that have their stomata elevated above the surface include
A) a few tropical plants.
B) pines.
C) cacti.
D) water lilies.
E) most grasses.
Q3) Approximately how much water typically leaves the plant by transpiration?
A) 90% or more.
B) 25% or less.
C) 75%.
D) 65%.
E) 50%.
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11
Chapter 10: Plant Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is a CORRECT comparison between photosynthesis and respiration?
A) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants whereas respiration occurs only in animals-not plants.
B) Photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway of many reactions whereas respiration occurs in a single step.
C) In plants, photosynthesis occurs only during the light whereas respiration occurs only during the dark.
D) Photosynthesis is an energy storing process whereas respiration is an energy releasing process.
E) Photosynthesis uses a metabolic pathway to make sugars whereas respiration uses the same metabolic pathway to break-down sugars.
Q2) Photosynthetically active pigments absorb ____________.
A) all wavelengths of visible light
B) all wavelengths of light, including infrared and ultraviolet
C) specific wavelengths of red and blue light
D) reflect all wavelengths of visible light except green
E) transfer chemical energy to light energy
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Chapter 11: Growth
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ is defined as an irreversible increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells.
A) Development
B) Differentiation
C) Determination
D) Growth
E) Change
Q2) Special cells that facilitate the perception of gravity by root caps and coleoptiles are
A) statoliths.
B) leucocytes.
C) taxes.
D) amyloplasts.
E) plebiscites.
Q3) The pigment phytochrome has only one role in plant development; that role is involvement in plant photoperiodism.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Meiosis and Alternation of Generation
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Sample Questions
Q1) One difference between meiosis and mitosis is that in meiosis
A) the chromosomal number is increased.
B) two cells are produced.
C) homologous chromosomes pair.
D) there are three sequential nuclear divisions.
E) six identical cells result.
Q2) Which of the following pairs of cells do NOT have identical chromosome numbers in a given species of plant?
A) Egg and sperm.
B) Spore mother cell and zygote.
C) Spore and gamete.
D) Sperm and spore.
E) Spore and zygote.
Q3) Sporophytes produce _____ by the process of meiosis.
A) gametes
B) spores
C) vegetative cells
D) egg cells only
E) sperm cells
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sequence of nucleotides in a chromosome that controls the production of a protein is a
A) polysome.
B) gene.
C) intron.
D) chromatid.
E) operon.
Q2) ______________ is the study of chromosome behavior and structure at the cellular level.
A) Cytogenetics
B) Molecular genetics
C) Expression genetics
D) Transmission genetics
E) Population genetics
Q3) The law of independent assortment is illustrated only in monohybrid crosses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A backcross is one in which both parents are homozygous.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Plant Breeding and Propagation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Restriction enzymes squeeze DNA strands into narrow strips.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The man known as the "father of the green revolution" was
A) Gregor Mendel.
B) Johnny Appleseed.
C) Gustav Johansen.
D) Luther Burbank.
E) Norman Borlaug.
Q3) Repair enzymes link DNA fragments together.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is essential in grafting to have the bark of the stock and scion in close contact with one another.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A plasmid is a small circular DNA fragment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changes within chromosomes may occur through which of the following?
A) Deletion.
B) Translocation.
C) Inversion.
D) A change in one or more nucleotide pairs.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Two contemporary biologists, raised and educated in Victorian England, both arrived at the same conclusions about evolution at the same time.One of these men was Charles Darwin and the other one was ___________________.
A) John Henslow
B) Alfred Russell Wallace
C) Thomas Malthus
D) Robert Fitzroy
E) Charles Lyell
Q3) Sterile hybrids may reproduce by asexual means.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most mutations are harmful to the cell in which they occur.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Plant Names and Classification
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest development of the kingdom concept divided all organisms into three kingdoms, animals, plants, and fungi.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following factors lead to changes at the kingdom and domain level of classification?
A) New tools such as microscopes that allow scientists to see more structural and morphological detail.
B) Techniques in molecular biology that allow scientists to compare genetic characteristics.
C) Discovery of different physiology and behaviors of species.
D) Changes in the way data obtained from various sources is analyzed.
E) All of the above drive changes in classification systems.
Q3) According to the principle of parsimony, a cladogram based on the greatest number of assumptions is most accurate representation of the phylogenetic relationship between organisms.
A)True
B)False
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18
Chapter 17: Domain Kingdombacteria, Domain
King-Domarchaea, and Viruses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control a variety of plant-eating caterpillars (larvae)
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a virus?
A) HIV
B) bacteriophage
C) herpes
D) Epstein barr
E) None of these answers are correct
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a group belonging to the archaebacteria?
A) methane bacteria
B) green sulphur bacteria
C) salt bacteria
D) sulpholobus bacteria
E) all of these answers are correct
Q4) All viruses have at their core the nucleic acid DNA.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Kingdom Protista
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a green alga such as Chlamydomonas, which of the following would you NOT expect to find?
A) pyrenoids
B) chlorophyll d
C) eyespot
D) starch
E) flagella
Q2) Which of the following economically important products come(s)from diatoms?
A) algin
B) agar
C) jelly beans
D) human food
E) polishes and reflectorized paint
Q3) The reproductive cells of Spirogyra have no flagella.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The brownish pigment fucoxanthin is found in both diatoms and brown algae.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Kingdom Fungi
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Imperfect Fungi are so-called because they have no known sexual stage of the life cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fruticose lichens mostly resemble small fruits.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Common names such as smut, rust and mildew reflect the role of many fungi as _____________.
A) pathogens
B) parasites
C) food spoilage
D) destructive agents
E) All of the above
Q4) Yeasts are multicellular fungi that are important in the brewing and baking industries.
A)True
B)False
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following do "leaves" of mosses lack?
A) stomata
B) petioles
C) mesophyll
D) veins
E) all of these answers are correct
Q2) Structures with spiral thickenings that facilitate the release of spores from a liverwort capsule are
A) gemmae.
B) elaters.
C) spore mother cells.
D) spiroids.
E) spore-ejectors.
Q3) The bryophytes whose sporophytes have a central rodlike axis surrounded by spore mother cells above a basal meristem are
A) peat mosses.
B) true mosses.
C) bog mosses.
D) hornworts.
E) liverworts.
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Chapter 21: The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their
Relatives
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is considered to be a likely ancestor of the club mosses?
A) Zosterophyllum
B) Psilotum
C) Tmesipteris
D) Equisetum
E) Isoetes
Q2) Lycopod sporangia are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves called
A) gametophylls.
B) microphylls.
C) enations.
D) sporophylls.
E) megaphylls.
Q3) Whisk ferns consist primarily of stems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The leaves of both club mosses and quillworts are microphylls.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joint firs (Ephedra), which superficially resemble horsetails,
A) are somewhat shrubby inhabitants of drier regions.
B) are confined to temperate deserts in southwestern Africa.
C) have photosynthetic leaves.
D) are in the same division as cycads.
E) produce male and female reproductive structures in the same strobili.
Q2) The seeds of ginkgoes have a fleshy covering and look plumlike.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Pine wood is said to be soft because of the absence of A) knots.
B) silica.
C) fibers.
D) a hypodermis.
E) collenchyma.
Q4) Cycad leaves are fan-shaped and deciduous.
A)True
B)False
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24
Chapter 23: Seed Plants: Angiosperms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ovary of the flower matures into a(an)
A) carpel.
B) inferior ovary.
C) pollen sac.
D) fruit.
E) seed.
Q2) The modern view of angiosperm evolution is that they evolved independently from seed ferns and not from the conifers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Flowering plants consists of about 150,000 species.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following pollinators rely more on vision than on smell in seeking floral energy sources?
A) beetles
B) bees
C) flies
D) hummingbirds
E) moths
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Chapter 24: Flowering Plants and Civilization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which group of useful plant products is associated with the Mint Family?
A) opium, edible oil
B) sugar cane, citronella oil
C) pyrethrin, Jerusalem artichokes
D) oregano, thyme
E) sassafras, cinnamon
Q2) The Mustard, Legume, and Poppy Families all have members that are used to produce natural dyes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The mustard family contains members which have flowers with four petals arranged to form a cross.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Members of the Lily Family usually have flowers with parts numbering in fours or multiples of four.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 25: Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) On average, plants capture and convert approximately ______ of the energy in sunlight reaching the earth's surface.
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 50%
E) 100%
Q2) Acid deposition lands on plants and lowers the pH of lakes, ponds, and soil.Plants are harmed when acid falls on them but are not affected by changes in pH of the soil or water in which they grow.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The factors that allow organisms to grow, compete, reproduce, and perpetuate the species in a particular area are part of a field of inquiry called A) physiology.
B) ecology.
C) taxonomy.
D) biochemistry.
E) morphology.
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Page 27
Chapter 26: Biomes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The climate consists of dry, hot summers and cool, moist winters.The vegetation is characterized by having shrubs with multiple stems arising at the base and extensive root system.This description of climate and vegetation describe the __________biome.
A) savanna
B) chaparral
C) desert
D) tall grass praire
E) grassland
Q2) Thick waxy cuticle layers and dense hairs on leaves are morphological adaptations to:
A) heavy rainfall and humid environments.
B) dry environments.
C) temperate environments.
D) fresh water environments.
E) wet environments.
Q3) Broadleaf deciduous trees are characteristic of the taiga.
A)True
B)False
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Page 28