Plant Ecology
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Plant Ecology explores the interactions between plants and their environment, encompassing the study of plant distribution, abundance, and diversity across various ecosystems. The course examines plant physiological adaptations, community structure, interspecific relationships, and the impact of environmental factors such as climate, soil, and disturbance. Students will investigate ecological processes such as succession, competition, and nutrient cycling, as well as the roles plants play in sustaining ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Through lectures, fieldwork, and case studies, learners gain a comprehensive understanding of how plants shape and respond to their ecological contexts at local and global scales.
Recommended Textbook
Sterns Introductory Plant Biology 13th Edition by James Bidlack
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Chapter 1: What Is Plant Biology
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Q1) Plants can live without humans but humans cannot live without plants.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Van Helmont's experiment with a willow branch demonstrated that the soil in which it grew gained weight over time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The science that deals with the form, structure, and life cycles of plants is
A) plant taxonomy.
B) plant physiology.
C) plant genetics.
D) cytology.
E) plant morphology.
Answer: E
Q4) Science may be defined as "a search for knowledge of the natural world."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of chemical bond joins amino acids together?
A) hydrogen
B) glycosidic
C) ionic
D) peptide
E) both [glycosidic and peptide] are correct
Answer: D
Q2) Nucleotides and amino acids are both "building blocks" of larger molecules.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The combining capacity of an atom or ion is referred to as its valence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Assimilation is the conversion of raw materials into protoplasm and other cell substances.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the endosymbiotic theory
A) all living organisms are composed of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit considered to be living.
B) living organisms can arise from non-living matter and that the type of organism formed depends on the type of non-living matter.
C) chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small prokaryotes that were consumed by a larger eukaryotic cell.
D) new species arise when a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures.
E) DNA controls the activities of the cell by specifying what proteins are to be synthesized.
Answer: C
Q2) Replication (duplication)of DNA takes place during the S period of interphase.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) A primary function of tracheids is
A) food storage.
B) food conduction.
C) water conduction.
D) water storage.
E) secretion of latex.
Q2) The different primary meristems produce cells which will develop and mature into different tissues.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Secretory cells release substances that have been produced in the protoplasm.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which cell type has a thick and lignified cell wall?
A) parenchyma
B) sieve tube member.
C) collenchyma
D) sclereid
E) trichome
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Chapter 5: Roots and Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Soils in low wet areas tend to contain hardly any organic matter.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a soil profile, topsoil is called the
A) A horizon.
B) B horizon.
C) C horizon.
D) parent material.
E) metamorphic quotient.
Q3) Cells of the apical meristem
A) have large vacuoles.
B) divide at a fairly steady rate.
C) have little to do with the root cap.
D) are generally cuboidal in shape.
E) have no nuclei.
Q4) The protective suberin bands called Casparian strips are confined to the cells of the epidermis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Stems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nearly all plants produce laticifers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discrete patches of xylem and phloem found in herbaceous dicot stems are called A) lenticels.
B) steles.
C) vascular bundles.
D) annual rings.
E) tyloses.
Q3) The procambium produces A) secondary xylem and phloem.
B) cortex.
C) pith.
D) epidermis.
E) primary xylem and phloem.
Q4) An increment borer is a common pest of woody stems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Leaves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bracts function as little windows that admit light to the interior of the leaf.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Betacyanins are pigments that are usually red.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which leaf cells often resemble jigsaw puzzle pieces when viewed from the top?
A) epidermal cells
B) palisade mesophyll cells
C) spongy mesophyll cells
D) vein phloem cells
E) none of these answers are correct.
Q4) The large cells of certain grass leaves that permit the leaves to roll up under dry conditions are
A) pulvinar cells.
B) collenchyma cells.
C) bulliform cells.
D) aerenchyma cells.
E) aridophile cells.
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Chapter 8: Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups of fruits is representative of drupes?
A) oranges, lemons, limes
B) strawberries, blackberries, raspberries
C) apples, pears, quinces
D) pineapples, mulberries, figs
E) plums, apricots, coconuts
Q2) Seeds germinate immediately after dormancy is removed regardless of temperature, the light environment, or the exclusion of oxygen.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dicots are now classified in the class _________________.The common name refers to the production of ___ seed leaves.
A) Monocotyledonae; one
B) Dicotyledonae; one
C) Magnoliopsida; two
D) Liliopsida; two
E) Liliopsida; one
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Chapter 9: Water in Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most plants have their stomata closed during the day and open at night.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Imbibition is responsible for _______________________.
A) plants wilting on sunny days
B) breaking open the seed coat of germinating seeds
C) osmosis
D) turgor pressure in cells
E) expansion of the vacuole inside the living cell
Q3) Hydroponically grown tomatoes are those that are grown in
A) lakes and streams in arid regions.
B) soil that is watered daily with distilled water.
C) a nutrient solution containing all the essential elements.
D) soil that is watered daily with a macronutrient solution.
E) soil watered with a a only micronutrients.
Q4) Some sort of physiological pump is believed to be involved in active transport.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Plant Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are contained in each photosynthetic unit of photosystem I?
A) One P700 molecule.
B) Small amounts of chlorophyll b.
C) Carotenoid pigment.
D) 200 or more molecules of chlorophyll a.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT produced during fermentation?
A) lactic acid
B) ethyl alcohol
C) CO<sub>2</sub>
D) acetylCoA
E) ATP
Q3) The shorter the wavelength of light, the greater the energy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A temperature rise of 10<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C between 20<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> and 30<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C can double or even triple respiration rates.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Growth
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Q1) One cellular process that is affected by auxin is the ____________________.
A) promotion of cell division in the cambium
B) stimulation of ion transport into the vacuole
C) formation of chloroplasts
D) inhibition of ATP synthesis
E) opening of stomates
Q2) Statoliths are involved in phototropisms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Plants that have two critical photoperiods in order to flower are called
A) short-day plants.
B) long-day plants.
C) day-neutral plants.
D) critical-day plants.
E) intermediate-day plants.
Q4) Differentiation refers to changes in the structure of a cell so that it can perform a specific function.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Meiosis and Alternation of Generation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diploid organisms have how many sets of chromosomes?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Q2) The haploid number of chromosomes of a plant is 20.The number of chromosomes in root, stem, and leaf cells would be
A) 10.
B) 20.
C) 30.
D) 40.
E) 60.
Q3) Chromosomes line up along equators in both metaphase I and metaphase II.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A chiasma is not produced during mitosis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the correct genotype of a homozygous dihybrid individual having dominant phenotypes for both traits?
A) TTXx
B) ttXx
C) TTXX
D) TtXx
E) ttXX
Q2) Messenger RNA is a ______- stranded molecule.
A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) multiple
E) both [single and double] are correct
Q3) Messenger RNA is a small molecule composed of a few nucleotides.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When Mendel crossed tall pea plants with short ones, all of the offspring were intermediate in height.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Plant Breeding and Propagation
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is essential in grafting to have the bark of the stock and scion in close contact with one another.
A)True
B)False
Q2) People began to domesticate plants in the Near East approximately ______ years ago.
A) 5,000
B) 10,000
C) 2,500
D) 20,000
E) 25,000
Q3) Most modern crops are grown from ____________ seeds, which are produced by cross-breeding inbred lines.
A) hybrid
B) open pollinated
C) asexual
D) artificial
E) heirloom
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Chapter 15: Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) No permanent change in a population occurs unless there is/are
A) polyploidy.
B) inheritable variation.
C) mutator genes present.
D) introgression.
E) absence of dominance in at least one generation.
Q2) When a piece of one chromosome becomes attached to another, it is called translocation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person who repeatedly is exposed to direct sunlight, and therefore has a darker skin, will produce offspring with darker skin.This illustrates the theory of
A) natural selection.
B) inheritance of acquired characteristics.
C) convergent evolution.
D) incomplete dominance.
E) speciation..
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Chapter 16: Plant Names and Classification
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Q1) In Linnaeus' book, Species Plantarum, all known plants were
A) classified according to their evolutionary relationships.
B) arranged according to their families and orders.
C) listed by their Latin phrase names, with abbreviated names in the margins.
D) limited to three words or fewer per phrase.
E) lumped into two large classes.
Q2) Linnaeus' classification system is now considered to be _________________, as it was not based on evolutionary relationships.
A) out of date
B) phylogenetic
C) artificial
D) a 3-kingdom system
E) a 4-kingdom system
Q3) Species is the lowest rank of classification used today for any living organism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Plant family names can be recognized by the name ending in -aceae.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Domain Kingdombacteria, Domain
King-Domarchaea, and Viruses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which feature does NOT distinguish archaebacteria from eubacteria?
A) unique base sequences of their RNA molecules.
B) lack of muramic acid in their cell walls.
C) distinctive lipids.
D) presence of ribosomes.
E) their metabolism.
Q2) The bright green prokaryotic organisms associated with sea squirts are called
A) filterable viruses.
B) prochlorobacteria.
C) green sulphur bacteria.
D) rickettsias.
E) Koch's jewels.
Q3) Bacteria that are capable of carrying on photosynthesis are
A) autotrophic.
B) heterotrophic.
C) parasitic.
D) saprobic.
E) nitrate synthesizers.
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Chapter 18: Kingdom Protista
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Q1) Except for vitamin C, Chlorella contains most of the vitamins needed in human nutrition, giving it the potential for becoming an important protein source in many parts of the world.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Filamentous algae increase in length through cell division.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Red algae cause red tides.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Green algae have pigments similar to those of flowering plants.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Stoneworts and Oedogonium are both A) isogamous.
B) less complex in structure than Chlamydomonas or Ulothrix.
C) strictly asexual in reproduction.
D) attached to substrates by means of holdfasts.
E) oogamous.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Kingdom Fungi
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Q1) True fungi differ from slime molds in
A) producing spores.
B) having chitin in their cell walls.
C) having forms without cell walls between their nuclei.
D) having forms with motile reproductive cells.
E) having sexual reproduction.
Q2) Many chytrids reproduce only asexually.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nearly all fungi have box like cells in their hyphae.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following pairs of diseases is associated with cup (sac)fungi?
A) peach leaf curl, chestnut blight.
B) white pine blister rust, black stem rust of wheat.
C) downy mildew, molds of fish.
D) aspergilloses, white piedra.
E) late blight of potato, black bread mold.
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Chapter 20: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes
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Q1) The sporophytes of common thalloid liverworts develop suspended above the thallus in or on gametophores.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following are sterile hairs scattered among moss archegonia and antheridia?
A) rhizoids
B) paraphyses
C) mycorrhizae
D) moss processes
E) None of these answers are correct.
Q3) Which characters shared by members of Kingdom Plantae and Phylum Chlorophyta indicate that they share an ancient common ancestor?
A) chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the carotenoids.
B) primary food reserve stored as starch.
C) cell walls primarily cellulose.
D) same means of forming the cell plate during cell division.
E) all of these.
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Chapter 21: The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their
Relatives
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Q1) A petrifaction is a fossil in which the preserved organism is found in an unaltered state.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Quillworts have no stems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an
A) frond.
B) rhizome.
C) adventitious root.
D) sporangium.
E) prothallus.
Q4) Embryos are not produced by ferns, only spores.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Many seedless vascular plants have underground horizontal stems from which aerial shoots arise.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
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Q1) The seeds of ginkgoes have a fleshy covering and look plumlike.
A)True
B)False
Q2) With the exception of a few woody vines, the growth form of the gymnosperms are __________________.
A) woody trees or shrubs
B) herbaceous
C) parasitic on flowering plants
D) seed-producing
E) flower-producing
Q3) Pollen grains of pines are brought through the microphyle onto the nucellus as the fluid from the micropyle evaporates.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Resin consists of turpentine and rosin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The xylem of conifers generally contains no vessels or fibers.
A)True
B)False
24
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Chapter 23: Seed Plants: Angiosperms
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Q1) In this question, assume that the life cycle of a flowering plant begins with the germination of a seed and ends with the development of a fruit.Two events that occur in the life cycle are the division of a microspore nucleus and the formation of sculptured wall.
A) The first event precedes the second event.
B) The second event precedes the first event.
C) Both events occur more or less simultaneously.
Q2) Pollen grains adhere to the _____ of the flower.
A) stigma
B) style
C) carpel
D) stamen
E) anther
Q3) Trends in evolutionary specialization include ______________ in both monocots and dicots.
A) reduction of numbers of parts
B) fusion of parts
C) inferior ovaries
D) bilateral symmetry
E) all of these
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Chapter 24: Flowering Plants and Civilization
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Q1) Sunflowers consist of a single large pistil surrounded by numerous petals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The family whose members include many that have an inflorescence in which a single female flower is elevated on a gynophore is the
A) Mint Family.
B) Nightshade Family.
C) Spurge Family.
D) Carrot Family.
E) Pumpkin Family.
Q3) Which group of useful plants belongs to the Laurel Family?
A) gourds, cantaloupes
B) manroots, cucumbers
C) chia, sage, thyme
D) New Zealand flax, saffron
E) cinnamon, sassafras, camphor
Q4) Well-known hallucinogenic drugs are produced by members of the Sunflower Family.
A)True
B)False
Page 26
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Chapter 25: Ecology
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Q1) Carbon dioxide is important to plants because it acts as the carbon source in which process?
A) respiration
B) fermentation
C) glycolysis
D) photosynthesis
E) active transport
Q2) Events predicted to occur with increasing global temperatures include
A) sea level rising, resulting in flooding low-lying coastal areas
B) limited impact on human populations
C) no disruption of food producing acreage
D) decrease in global desert acreage
E) all of these
Q3) Humans have little impact on water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles in the biosphere.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: Biomes
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Q1) Hardwood trees such as oak, maple, walnut, and cherry are vegetational types of:
A) tropical rain forests.
B) temperate deciduous forests.
C) coniferous forests.
D) taiga.
E) tundra.
Q2) Climax vegetation always consists of some type of trees.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many of the grasslands of the world have been converted to ______________.
A) urban housing
B) commercial pine production
C) hardwood production
D) cropland and cattle grazing land
E) parks
Q4) Due to permafrost in tundra areas soils are wet and marshy even though the region received limited precipitation.
A)True
B)False
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