Plant Ecology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Plant Ecology explores the interactions between plants and their environment, examining how ecological factors such as climate, soil, water, and biotic relationships influence plant distribution, growth, and survival. The course delves into topics such as plant population dynamics, community structure, ecosystem processes, and the role of plants in global biogeochemical cycles. Students will gain an understanding of plant adaptation strategies, competition, succession, and the effects of human activities on plant communities. Through lectures, fieldwork, and data analysis, the course provides a comprehensive foundation in the principles and applications of plant ecology.
Recommended Textbook
Plants and Society 7th Edition by Estelle Levetin
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Chapter 1: Plants in Our Lives
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are characteristics of fungi except one.Choose the exception.
A)reproduce by seeds
B)nonphotosynthetic
C)store glucose as glycogen
D)many are decomposers of organic matter
E)all of these are characteristics of the fungi
Answer: A
Q2) Amino acids differ from each other by the structure of their _________.
Answer: R-groups
Q3) The part of the Osage orange that was biologically mimicked to "tame the West" was its
A)"hedge apples"
B)shaggy bark
C)bright orange wood
D)thorny branches
E)repellant chemicals
Answer: D
Q4) The two groups of flowering plants are _________ and _________.
Answer: monocots,dicots
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Chapter 2: The Plant Cell
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution,the cell becomes A)hypertonic.
B)plasmolyzed.
C)turgid.
D)osmotic.
Answer: C
Q2) In drought conditions when soils are dry for long periods of time,plants cells become A)hypertonic.
B)plasmolyzed.
C)turgid.
D)osmotic
Answer: B
Q3) The mitochondrial equivalent to grana is (are) A)the matrix.
B)cristae.
C)stroma.
D)plasma membranes
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: The Plant Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following tissues results from secondary growth?
A)periderm
B)collenchyma
C)epidermis
D)sclerenchyma
Answer: A
Q2) The leaves of corn (Zea mays)exhibit parallel venation.Corn is most likely a(n)
A)herbaceous dicot
B)woody dicot
C)conifer
D)monocot
Answer: D
Q3) The water conducting cells found in angiosperms are
A)tracheids
B)vessel elements
C)sieve tube members
D)both tracheids and vessel elements
E)both tracheids and sieve tube members
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Plant Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What powers ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP?
A)the kinetic energy of the flow of NADH electrons
B)the kinetic energy of the splitting of water
C)the kinetic energy of the movement of protons (hydrogen ions)
D)the kinetic energy of the spinning of the Krebs Cycle
Q2) The intercellular pathway of water movement from the soil to the xylem of the root is the _______ pathway.
A)symplastic
B)apoplastic
C)leucoplastic
D)chromoplastic
Q3) During the Calvin cycle,_______ and _______ supply energy for the fixation and reduction of carbon dioxide.
A)ATP - NADPH
B)O<sub>2</sub> - CO<sub>2</sub>
C)ATP - O<sub>2</sub>
D)H<sub>2</sub>O - NADPH
E)H<sub>2</sub>O - O<sub>2</sub>
Q4) ATP used ________________________________________________
Q5) Fixation of _____________
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Plant Life Cycle: Flowers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flowers pollinated by birds are often:
A)heavily scented
B)night bloomers
C)red
D)speckled to resemble insects
E)lacking petals
Q2) A plant with imperfect flowers has
A)stamens and carpels but lacks either sepals or petals
B)lacks either stamens or carpels
C)lacks either stamens,carpels,sepals,or petals
D)problems adjusting
Q3) A carpellate flower is a:
A)unisexual male flower
B)unisexual female flower
C)flower with both sex organs
D)flower without petals
E)none of the above
Q4) A unisexual flower lacking carpels would be called _____.
Q5) Fruit formation without fertilization is known as ______.
Q6) Meiosis results in the production of _______ haploid cells.
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Chapter 6: Plant Life Cycle: Fruits and Seeds
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Q1) To grow bright orange oranges,________ is essential.
A)a warm tropical climate
B)year-round rainfall
C)cool nighttime temperatures
D)snow at least once in the year
Q2) Malus pumila is the scientific name of
A)apple
B)chestnut
C)orange
D)tomato
E)grapefruit
Q3) You discover a fleshy fruit with a thin exocarp,fleshy mesocarp,and hard stony endocarp.You have discovered a A)pome
B)hesperidium
C)pepo
D)berry
E)drupe
Q4) The ____________ is a protective covering around the epicotyl of a monocot seedling.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a portion of a DNA molecule being transcribed is ATCCGATGA,then the complementary portion of mRNA would read:
A)ATCCGATGA
B)TAGGCTACT
C)UAGGCUACU
D)AUCCGAUGA
E)GCAATGCAG.
Q2) Eukaryotic mRNA is translated
A)in the nucleus.
B)in the Golgi.
C)at the ribosome.
D)in the cytoplasm.
Q3) Which of the following molecules is found in all parts of protein synthesis?
A)rRNA
B)tRNA
C)mRNA
D)RNA polymerase
E)all of these molecules are found in all aspects of protein synthesis
Q4) Portions of the mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are known as
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Plant Systematics and Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a true clade?
A)eudicots
B)paleodicots
C)monocots
D)paleomonocots
Q2) Materia Medica,written by _______,was the most influential of the medical herbals from Roman times through the Middle Ages.
A)Aristotle
B)Linnaeus
C)Dioscorides
D)Pliny the Elder
E)Theophrastus
Q3) Which of the following is the correct way to write the binomial scientific name for red maple?
A)Acer rubrum
B)Acer rubrum.
C)Acer Rubrum
D)acer rubrum.
Q4) _____________ is a clade-based alternative to the Linnaean binomial system.
Q5) __________ is the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Diversity of Plant Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prokaryotes are classified in the domain(s)
A)Archaea
B)Bacteria
C)Eukarya
D)Bacteria and Archaea
E)Eukarya and Bacteria
Q2) Where does meiosis occur in mosses?
A)protonema
B)archegonium
C)antheridium
D)the capsule
E)gametophyte
Q3) All of these statements about BMAA are true except one.Choose the exception.
A)BMAA is an amino acid.
B)BMAA is found in the starch of conifers.
C)BMAA blocks communication of brain nerve cells.
D)BMAA is found in high concentrations in seeds.
E)BMAA may contribute to a host of human diseases found on Guam.
Q4) The female gametangium in ferns and many other plants is known as the
Q5) The largest trees and the oldest trees occur in the division _______.
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Chapter 10: Human Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A)fats
B)protein
C)carbohydrates
D)vitamins
E)all of these are macronutrients
Q2) What does zonulin do?
A)increases the permeability of the intestinal lining
B)breaks down gluten into its component amino acids
C)stimulates T cells to attack gluten molecules
D)breaks down cholesterol in the liver
Q3) Which of the following is a correct statement about macronutrients?
A)Macronutrients are called that because they are larger than micronutrients.
B)Macronutrients are required in larger amounts than micronutrients.
C)Macronutrients include vitamins and minerals.
D)All of these are correct statements about macronutrients.
Q4) The primary treatment for patients with celiac disease is to remove gluten from the diet.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Origins of Agriculture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The best evidence indicates that bananas were first cultivated in
A)New Guinea
B)Southeast Asia.
C)Mesoamerica.
D)Northern Africa.
E)the Fertile Crescent.
Q2) A center of origin for a particular domesticated plant most likely will be the site which has the greatest number of wild and domesticated relatives of that crop.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following centers of plant domestication is not paired correctly with its principle crops?
A)Near East - wheat and barley
B)Africa - sorghum and cassava
C)Mesoamerica - maize (corn)
D)South America - potato
Q4) The Far East is the center of origin for corn.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: The Grasses
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Sample Questions
Q1) In whole-grain products,what part of the grain is removed?
A)chaff
B)germ
C)endosperm
D)bran
E)more than one of these
Q2) In a grain the highest amount of starch would be found in the:
A)seed coat
B)endosperm
C)embryo
D)bran
E)aleurone layer
Q3) This variety of rice is the oldest variety and is not sticky when cooked.This variety of rice is
A)indicA.
B)javanica.
C)japonica.
D)amaroo.
E)wild ricE.
Q4) ._______ is primarily grown today to make the malt for brewing of beer.
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Chapter 13: Legumes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was the legume used by Gregor Mendel in his experiments?
A)Vicia fabA.
B)Pisum sativum.
C)Phaseolus vulgaris.
D)Cajanus cajan.
E)Arachis hypogea.
Q2) What soybean product is made from curds of soy milk?
A)soy sauce
B)textured vegetable protein
C)tofu
D)miso
Q3) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus is a potentially valuable legume because
A)it grows rapidly and produces versatile wood.
B)the oil can be used for producing ink and a lubricant.
C)all parts of the plant are edible and nutritious.
D)it can grow in a wide variety of climates.
E)it can fix nitrogen without Rhizobium.
Q4) ____________ is a non-polluting fuel developed from vegetable oils that can substitute for petroleum derived products.
Q5) _______ are legumes which have a higher protein content than lean beef.
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Chapter 14: Starchy Staples
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about sweet potatoes?
A)It was introduced into Spain by Columbus.
B)Its original name was batata.
C)It was originally cultivated in Peru.
D)It is a type of yam.
E)all of these statements are true about sweet potatoes.
Q2) The Irish Famine was made worse because
A)the potatoes planted were genetically identical.
B)the English government was unsympathetic to the plight of the Irish.
C)potatoes were practically the entire diet of the Irish poor.
D)there was widespread suppression of Catholics.
E)of all of these factors made the Irish Famine worsE.
Q3) All of the following species are correctly matched with its common name except one.Choose the exception.
A)Solanum tuberosum - potato
B)Manihot esculenta - cassava
C)Ipomoea batatas - sweet potato
D)Colocasia esculenta - yam
E)Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichoke
Q4) _______ is the component of starch that is relatively soluble in water.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Feeding a Hungry World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seeds of domesticated plants and their wild relatives are deposited as a resource for plant breeders in germplasm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A massive recall of food products made from StarLink corn was triggered because it was thought that the _______ toxin in this variety might be a possible food allergen.
Q3) Approximately how many people in the world are receiving insufficient food to meet their daily requirements?
A)8 million
B)80 million
C)800 million
D)8 billion
E)80 billion
Q4) Protoplasm is the entire genetic information of an organism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An alternative to the white potato,______ is an Andean crop whose rhizomes resemble wrinkled carrots.
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Chapter 16: Stimulating Beverages
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following compounds have been used in the decaffeination process except one.Choose the exception.
A)carbon dioxide.
B)ethyl acetate.
C)methylene chloride.
D)hydrochloric aciD.
Q2) In the production of chocolate liquor,the nibs of the cacao seed are used.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What part of the cacao plant is prepared into cocoa?
A)the pod pulp
B)the leaves
C)the seeds
D)the root
E)the entire pod
Q4) Cocoa powder is made from removing ______ from the _______.
A)nibs - seeds
B)pulp - beans
C)cocoa butter - liquor
D)seeds - pods
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Herbs and Spices
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Q1) ______________ is the belief that the application of certain essential oils can heal ailments of the body and mind.
Q2) Which of the following statements about aromatherapy is not true?
A)None of the essential oils have been shown to be effective in any way.
B)The aromatherapy industry is not regulated.
C)Rigorous scientific testing of essential oils has not been done.
D)Essential oils from varieties within the same species may have different effects.
E)Some essential oils can be toxic.
Q3) Which of the following pair of spices come from the same species of tree?
A)nutmeg and mace
B)ginger and turmeric
C)black pepper and chili pepper
D)cinnamon and allspice
E)marjoram and oregano
Q4) Curcumin,found in chili peppers,has shown promise as a treatment for cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Capsicum peppers are the source of the pungent alkaloid _______,a New World rival to black pepper.
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Chapter 18: Materials: Cloth, Wood, and Paper
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wood with a specific gravity of 1.25 is less dense than wood with a specific gravity of 0.91.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The RSW1 gene codes for the production of A)Bt toxin.
B)polyester.
C)cellulose.
D)herbicide resistance.
E)sclerenchyma fibers.
Q3) Which of the following is often used for furniture veneers?
A)yellow pine
B)Douglas fir
C)red oak
D)mahogany
E)all of these
Q4) Gymnosperm resins are the source of the _______ used by musicians and baseball players.
Q5) Bamboo and kenaf have been suggested as a source of _______ for paper production.
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Chapter 19: Medicinal Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The blending of traditional herbal medicine and modern medicine is most prominent in _______ culture.
A)Chinese
B)Indian
C)Native American
D)Sub-Saharan African
E)Egyptian
Q2) Daily use of aspirin has been shown to reduce the occurrence of A)malariA.
B)heart attacks.
C)schizophrenia. D)asthma.
E)all of thesE.
Q3) Quinine directly kills plasmodium
A)merozoites.
B)sporozoites.
C)gametocytes.
D)merozoites and sporozoites.
E)sporozoites and gametocytes.
Q4) Ancient Greek and Roman women used a plant called silphium as a _______.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Psychoactive Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) All alkaloids contain nitrogen and have a basic pH.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The active ingredient in most psychoactive drugs is an alkaloid.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Tolerance means requiring ever-increasing amounts of a drug to obtain stronger affects.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Secondary smoke from cigarettes has not been shown to pose a health risk.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Medically,cocaine is an effective
A)blood thinning agent.
B)regulator of birth contractions.
C)local anesthetiC.
D)treatment for migraines.
E)wound healer.
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Chapter 21: Poisonous and Allergy Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allelopathy in desert environments evolved in response to A)pollinator competition.
B)discouraging herbivory.
C)fruit dispersal.
D)water competition.
E)foraging by indigenous peoples.
Q2) All of the toxins below are correctly paired with the physiological effects they cause except one.Choose the exception.
A)coniinine - paralysis begins in lower limbs and moves upward eventually paralyzing the diaphragm
B)cytisine - hallucinations followed by paralysis of respiratory muscles
C)tremetol - acidosis and lethargy
D)saponins - rapid and acute muscle paralysis
Q3) What is the function of B-lymphocytes?
A)they bind directly to antigens
B)they produce antibodies
C)they produce antigens
D)they release histamine
E)B-lymphocytes have all of these functions
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Chapter 22: The Algae
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are genera being studied for the purpose of biofuel production except one.Choose the exception.
A)Ulva
B)Chlamydomonas
C)Chlorella
D)Anabaena
E)Dunaliella
Q2) In the life cycle of a green alga,meiosis specifically occurs in the A)gametophyte.
B)sporangia.
C)gametangia.
D)sporophyte.
E)zygotE.
Q3) The red color of red algae is due to the pigment A)phycoerythrin.
B)chlorophyll c.
C)fucoxanthin.
D)carotene.
E)xanthophyll.
Q4) Diatoms with bilateral symmetry are known as _______ diatoms.
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Fungi in the Natural Environment
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Q1) Fungi which develop a mutualistic relationship with the roots of vascular plants are known as:
A)lichens
B)mycorrhizae
C)saprobes
D)facultative parasites
E)plant pathogens
Q2) The spore stage of the wheat rust fungus that initiates plasmogamy is the:
A)spermatium
B)basidiospore
C)aeciospore
D)teliospore
E)uredospore
Q3) The use of microorganisms to reclaim contaminated soil and water is known as _______.
Q4) The slender thread-like structures which compose the body of a fungus are called ______.
Q5) Specialized asexual lichen propagules that consist of small groups of algal cells with interwoven hyphae are called _____.
Q6) The scientific name for the wheat rust fungus is ______.
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Chapter 24: Beverages and Foods From Fungi
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Q1) Which of the following is not true about the effect of alcohol upon the body?
A)It is a stimulant of the CNS
B)It increases the levels of HDLs
C)It is metabolized by the liver to water and carbon dioxide
D)It is associated with certain birth defects
Q2) The French _______ is the observation that the French have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease despite a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol.
Q3) How is wine kept from turning to vinegar?
A)exposure to high temperature
B)the use of low wavelength radiation
C)the creation of anaerobic conditions
D)the addition of bacteria that increase the acidity of the wine
E)all of these can prevent wine from turning to vinegar
Q4) Quorn mycoprotein is a high-protein meat substitute obtained from the mycelium of a fungus.
A)True
B)False
Q5) One of the first widely used fungicides was ______ mixture,a lethal mix of copper sulfate and lime that protects the grape vine from downy mildew.
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Chapter 25: Fungi That Affect Human Health
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Q1) The following fungi are correctly matched with their type of mycoses except one.Choose the exception.
A)Microsporum - systemic
B)Canidia - superficial
C)Histoplama - systemic
D)Trichophyton - superficial
E)Aspergillus - systemic
Q2) Preparations made from ergot can be used to effect all of the following except one.Choose the exception.
A)prevent transplant rejection
B)induce abortions
C)aid in childbirth
D)treat migraine headaches
E)induce hallucinations
Q3) The fungus which infects rye plants and is a source of lysergic acid is _______.
Q4) A ringworm infection occurring on the scalp is called ______.
Q5) Antidotes are available for amatoxins.
A)True
B)False
Q6) During the Middle Ages,ergotism was called _______.
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Chapter 26: Plant Ecology
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Q1) Sharks and dolphins live in similar habitats and have similar morphologies.This represents an example of
A)competitive exclusion.
B)ecological equivalence.
C)resource partitioning.
D)biological magnification.
E)occupying a specialized nichE.
Q2) Which of the following is a carbon sink?
A)primary producers.
B)primary consumers.
C)secondary consumers.
D)decomposers.
E)all of thesE.
Q3) ____________ is a process in which rubber is treated with sulfur and heat to stabilize its elastic properties.
Q4) Niche is the broad range of characteristics of an organism that defines how it relates to the rest of its community.
A)True
B)False
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