Physiology for Nursing Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course provides nursing students with a comprehensive understanding of human physiology, focusing on the normal functioning of body systems and their relevance to nursing practice. Emphasis is placed on the integration of cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic functions, as well as the mechanisms by which the body maintains homeostasis. Students will explore physiological processes such as circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, and neural control, linking these concepts to patient assessment and clinical care. By grounding nursing interventions in physiological principles, this course equips students with the foundational knowledge necessary for effective and safe practice.
Recommended Textbook
Vanders Human Physiology 15th Edition by Eric P. Widmaier Dr
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18 Chapters
1745 Verified Questions
1745 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?
A)Fat storage
B)Anchoring body structures
C)Forming boundaries between body compartments
D)Generating movement
E)Transmitting electrical signals
Answer: C
Q2) The composition of the fluid bathing the cells of the body is the same as that within the cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The internal environment of the body refers to
A)the plasma.
B)the interstitial fluid.
C)the intracellular fluid.
D)the interstitial fluid and the intracellular fluid combined.
E)the plasma,the interstitial fluid,and the intracellular fluid combined.
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body and Its
Relation to Physiology
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element,such as fluorine (Fl ),can be formed by a polar covalent bond.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which is a correct description of nucleic acids?
A)They are polymers of subunits containing glucose and amino acids.
B)They are polymers of subunits containing glucose,a phosphate group,and an amino acid.
C)They are polymers of subunits containing a phosphate group,a sugar,and a purine or pyrimidine base.
D)They are polymers of subunits containing a phosphate group,a sugar,and an amino acid.
E)They are long polymers of amino acids,folded into an alpha helix.
Answer: C
Q3) Saturated fats contain carbon atoms linked by double bonds.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All proteins exist in the cell for the same length of time before being destroyed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Coenzymes are organic cofactors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In which organelle are carbohydrate chains added to glycoproteins?
A)Golgi apparatus
B)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)Nucleus
D)Lysosome
E)Mitochondrion
Answer: A
Q4) A light microscope can be used to view very large proteins in a cell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell
Membranes
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A woman is participating in a competition held by a local radio station.To win,she must drink 8 gallons of pure water within a few hours.As the osmolarity of her body fluids decreases,it is possible that her cells,including cells in the brain,may swell and burst.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Greater the Concentration Difference of a Substance Between Two Solutions Separated by a Permeable Membrane,the Lesser the Magnitude of the Net Flux of the Substance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following solutions is not isotonic to human cells?
A)150 mM NaCl
B)300 mM urea
C)100 mM MgCl
D)300 mOsm NaCl
Q4) The higher the osmolarity of a solution,the higher the concentration of water in it.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Cell Signalling in Physiology
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on cellular receptors,which of these describes "amplification"?
A)When the extracellular concentration of a chemical messenger reaches a very high level,it overwhelms transporter molecules and the chemical floods into the cell.
B)Only hydrophilic first-messenger molecules can activate second-messenger molecules within the cell cytosol.
C)A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules,each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
D)Some cellular receptors have such low affinity for chemical ligands that it can require a million or more molecules to activate them.
Q2) Second messengers
A)are necessary for all receptor signal transduction mechanisms.
B)act in the cell cytoplasm.
C)only function as intercellular messengers.
D)always function to activate enzymes.
E)are always proteins.
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Chapter 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the
Nervous
System
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
A)Preganglionic neurons tend to be long,with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s).
B)Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord.
C)Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine at synapses with postganglionic neurons.
D)Postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine at their neuroeffector junctions.
E)Postganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the collateral chain ganglia (sympathetic trunk).
Q2) According to the equation expressed as Ohm's law,which of these would cause the greatest increase in current?
A)Doubling both voltage and resistance
B)Reducing both voltage and resistance by half
C)Doubling voltage and reducing resistance by half
D)Reducing voltage by half and doubling resistance
E)Quadrupling both voltage and resistance
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Sensory Physiology
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98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correctly pairs a chemical with its associated taste modality?
A)Poisonous alkaloids,sour
B)Acids,bitter
C)Sugars,salty
D)Glutamate,umami
E)Lipids,sweet
Q2) "Left neglect" is a phenomenon where the entire left visual field is ignored by the brain.This can be caused by damage to the left hemisphere where visual information is processed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The phenomenon of referred pain may occur because an ascending pathway for pain receives input from both visceral and somatic afferent fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The sensation of itch is communicated to the brain on dedicated itch receptors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Selective attention is facilitated,enhanced,and improved by way of the ________ of the brainstem,which acts as the origin point of neurons,which project to the cerebral cortex and release ________ neurotransmitter(s).
A)pons,acetylcholine
B)basal nuclei,dopamine
C)hypothalamus,serotonin
D)locus ceruleus,norepinephrine
E)thalamus,melatonin
Q2) During paradoxical sleep
A)brain neurotransmitter activity in the pathways regulating states of consciousness is similar to that in the awake state.
B)brain oxygen consumption is lower than when awake.
C)skeletal muscle tension is dramatically increased.
D)the person is easily aroused.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q3) The EEG tracing of a relaxed individual who has closed eyes and is not concentrating on anything in particular is mainly an alpha rhythm.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Muscle
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah is a girl with dreams of becoming an Olympic marathon runner.She just learned that she has a rare genetic mutation and does not produce functional creatine phosphate.What portion of Sarah's marathon experience will be effected?
A)Just the first few seconds of exercise
B)All muscle contractions after Sarah reaches her maximum heart rate (about 10 minutes into her run)
C)All muscle contractions after Sarah reaches fatigue (about an hour into her run)
D)Every moment of Sarah's runs
E)No effects on her running
Q2) Compared to type 1,both forms of type 2 muscle fibers usually have a large diameter.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Multiunit smooth muscle is characterized by many gap junctions between cells.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Control Body Movement
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53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a walking person lifts one foot off of the ground,which of these happens?
A)The body leans so that the center of gravity shifts over the foot that is lifted off the ground.
B)The body only accelerates forward,so the center of gravity remains directly between the two feet.
C)The body accelerates forward,but the center of gravity shifts over the foot that is lifted off the ground.
D)The body leans so that the center of gravity shifts over the foot that is on the ground.
E)The center of mass is left behind by the acceleration of the body,so the body must lean forward to compensate.
Q2) The activity of alpha motor neurons innervating an extensor muscle can be inhibited by activation of the Golgi tendon organs in the tendon that attaches that muscle to bone.
A)True
B)False
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12
Chapter 11: The Endocrine System
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104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thyroid hormones exert a permissive effect on the actions of epinephrine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What term describes hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?
A)Growth factors
B)Paracrine factors
C)Hypophysiotropic hormones
D)Metabotrobic-releasing factors
E)Cerebrovitalistic hormones
Q3) The net intake and output of calcium for the entire body is regulated most directly by the activities of the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones is generally via the stimulation or inhibition of specific DNA-dependent protein synthesis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Normally,the hydrostatic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid favors movement of fluid ________ a tissue capillary.The protein osmotic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid normally favors movement of fluid ________ a tissue capillary.
A)into;into
B)into;out of
C)out of;out of D)out of;into
Q2) The myocardial cells receive their blood supply from the coronary arteries that branch off from the aorta.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following occurs first in hemostasis?
A)Activation of the fibrinolytic system
B)Platelet aggregation
C)A clotting cascade that leads to the conversion of fibrinogen to stable fibrin
D)Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
E)Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
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Chapter 13: Respiratory Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Normally,all the H ions generated from CO in tissue capillaries recombine with bicarbonate in pulmonary capillaries and are removed from the body as CO .
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true regarding ventilation-perfusion inequality?
A)No inequality exists in normal lungs.
B)It may result from increased alveolar dead space.
C)It is increased from normal in patients with emphysema.
D)It is caused by too little or too much blood flow relative to ventilation.
E)It is caused by too little or too much ventilation relative to blood flow.
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE during the initial stage of an asthma attack?
A) P is increased.
B) P is decreased.
C)R is increased.
D)R is decreased.
E)None of these,flow rate is unchanged during an asthma attack.
Q4) During inhalation/inspiration,the total alveolar volume decreases.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the presence of aldosterone,which nephron region reabsorbs the greatest fraction of the filtered Na ?
A)Proximal tubule
B)Macula densa
C)Descending limb of the loop of Henle
D)Distal convoluted tubule
E)Cortical collecting duct
Q2) Which of the following organs is the main site of aldosterone secretion?
A)Kidneys
B)Adrenal glands
C)Systemic and pulmonary blood vessels
D)Liver
E)The atria of the heart
Q3) A patient receives an IV (intravenous)infusion of a concentrated,9% saline solution (0.9% is considered isosmotic).Even if there was no change to the volume of blood or water in the body,this patient is likely to experience extreme thirst following the infusion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food
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112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is a function of intrinsic factor?
A)It is secreted by salivary glands,and is necessary for digestion of vitamin B .
B)It is secreted by parietal cells in the gastric mucosa,and its main function is causing insulin release.
C)It is secreted in the stomach,and its main function is activating pepsinogen into pepsin.
D)It is secreted by the small intestine mucosa,and its main function is initiating the intrinsic electrical activity of the pacemaker cells in the stomach.
E)It is secreted in the stomach,and a deficiency of it would cause anemia.
Q2) The small intestine
A)is the main site of fat digestion.
B)secretes amylase,lipase,and various proteases from its epithelial cells.
C)is the main site of gastrin secretion.
D)absorbs a larger volume of fluid than any other region of the GI tract.
E)undergoes only peristaltic contractions,both during the digestion of meals and between meals.
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Chapter 16: Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following contributes to a catabolic state?
A)Increased plasma cortisol concentration
B)Hypothyroidism
C)Increased plasma androgen concentrations
D)Increased plasma insulin concentration
E)Decreased plasma glucagon concentration
Q2) In response to cold stimuli,human beings increase their rate of heat production primarily by increasing basal metabolic rate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During exercise
A)blood glucose levels fall dramatically.
B)epinephrine and glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis in liver cells.
C)decreased blood glucose and increased epinephrine stimulate insulin secretion.
D)epinephrine stimulates glucagon secretion and inhibits skeletal muscle uptake of glucose.
E)cortisol and growth hormone secretion are decreased.
Q4) Heat loss from evaporation occurs only when one is sweating.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Reproduction
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding endocrine regulation of breast function in females is FALSE?
A)During puberty,ductal growth is stimulated by increasing estrogen levels in plasma.
B)During puberty,progesterone stimulates the growth of breast alveoli.
C)During pregnancy,the main source of plasma prolactin is secretion from the maternal anterior pituitary gland.
D)Prolactin is the main hormone mediating the milk ejection reflex.
E)Breast development fluctuates with changing blood concentrations of estrogen and progesterone during each menstrual cycle.
Q2) On day 14 of a typical 28-day menstrual cycle,LH concentration in the blood will be ________.The endometrium will be ________.Estrogen concentration in the blood is
A)level;sloughing off;low
B)at or near a peak;near the end of the proliferative phase;relatively high
C)low but rising;in the secretory phase;high
D)at or near a peak;in the secretory phase;low
E)level;starting the proliferative phase;level but high
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Chapter 18: The Immune System
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One therapy option for an individual with hepatitis C virus is a drug that mimics the action of interferons.Which would be NOT true in a patient taking this drug?
A)Many cells of the body will increase their cellular production of antiviral proteins.
B)The patient will have increased immunity to viral infections.
C)The patient may have increased immunity to the progression of cancer tumors.
D)The patient will have increased immunity to bacterial infections.
E)None of these are true.
Q2) A person who receives a vaccine made from killed virus particles will,if the vaccination is successful,acquire passive immunity against that virus.
A)True B)False
Q3) An infant fed with formula will have less passive immunity than a breast-fed infant. A)True B)False
Q4) Helper T cells are important only for cell-mediated immune responses. A)True B)False
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