Physiology for Kinesiology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental physiological principles underlying human movement and physical activity, with a focus on the systems most relevant to kinesiology, including the muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Students will examine how these systems function individually and cooperatively to support performance, adaptation, and health during exercise and training. Emphasis is placed on understanding the acute responses and chronic adaptations of the body to various types and intensities of physical activity, preparing students to apply physiological concepts to exercise prescription, athletic training, and rehabilitation in the field of kinesiology.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 4th Canadian Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
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17 Chapters
4668 Verified Questions
4668 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enzymes are carbohydrates.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In which of the body systems is calcium mainly stored
A)endocrine system
B)integumentary system
C)muscular system
D)skeletal system
Answer: D
Q3) ____________________ tissue is composed of cells specialized for contraction and force generation.
Answer: Muscle
Q4) This tissue is distinguished by relatively few cells within an extracellular material.
A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements applies to an anaerobic condition
A)Oxygen is plentiful.
B)The degradation of glucose cannot proceed beyond glycolysis.
C)Mitochondrial processing of nutrient molecules takes place.
D)It produces a high yield of oxygen molecules.
Answer: B
Q2) The cytosol is the gel-like mass of the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Neuropeptides are mainly neuromodulators.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Anions tend to move toward a negatively charged area.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) At the synapse, a presynaptic neuron signals a ____________________ neuron.
Answer: postsynaptic
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Central Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Logic performance is more the function of the ____________________ cerebral hemisphere.
Answer: left
Q2) The ____________________ is a special cushioning fluid that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord.
Answer: cerebrospinal fluid
Q3) What is the sequence of activation of brain areas when one responds in writing to a verbal command
A)primary auditory cortex, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, supplementary motor cortex, primary motor cortex
B)primary auditory cortex, Broca's area, supplementary motor cortex, Wernicke's area, primary motor cortex
C)primary auditory cortex, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, supplementary motor cortex, primary motor cortex
D)primary visual area, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, supplementary motor cortex, primary motor cortex
Answer: A
Q4) The CNS comprises the brain and the ____________________. Answer: spinal cord
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Chapter 4: The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory,
Autonomic, Somatic
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Sample Questions
Q1) found on effector cell membranes
A)nicotinic receptors
B)muscarinic receptors
C)alpha receptors
D)beta-1 receptors
E)beta-2 receptors
Q2) eyeball too long
A)colour blindness
B)night blindness
C)glaucoma
D)hyperopia
E)diplopia
F)presbyopia
G)myopia
H)cataract
I)astigmatism
Q3) Colour blindness may be caused by vitamin A deficiency.
A)True
B)False
6
Q4) Parasympathetic fibres issue from ____________________ and sacral spinal nerves.
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Chapter 5: Principles of Endocrinology: The Central
Endocrine Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Speed of response is long (minutes to days or longer).
A)the endocrine system
B)the nervous system
C)both the endocrine and nervous systems
Q2) Which of these substances is the most common second messenger used by hydrophilic hormones
A)calcium
B)cyclic AMP
C)chromatin
D)messenger RNA
Q3) Which of the following is the action of melatonin
A)regulation of circadian rhythms
B)permissive action with glucocorticoids
C)induction of calcium reabsorption
D)stimulation of melanin pigment production
Q4) One of the effects of the growth hormone is the control of fat metabolism.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
Q5) The SCN is located in the ____________________ of the brain.
Q6) Steroid hormones are derived from ____________________.
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Page 8
Chapter 6: The Endocrine Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these descriptions applies to the iodide pump
A)a mechanism whereby target cells extract iodine-containing thyroid hormone from the blood
B)an active transport mechanism that concentrates iodine in the thyroid
C)a mechanism whereby T and T are released from thyroglobulin and pumped into the circulation
D)a protein-binding process whereby T and T are pumped throughout the body bound to plasma proteins
Q2) Triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine are produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which pituitary hormone increases the concentration of blood sugar
A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)cortisol
D)growth hormone
Q4) Over 99 percent of the circulating thyroid hormone is bound to plasma proteins.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Muscle Physiology
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303 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) contains only thin filaments
A)Z line
B)A band
C)I band
D)H zone
Q2) Which of these muscle types is myogenic
A)skeletal muscle
B)single-unit smooth muscle
C)multiunit smooth muscle
D)both skeletal and cardiac muscle
Q3) Which of these statements describes cross bridges
A)They extend between the A and the I bands, and bend to pull the bands together during muscle contraction.
B)They are formed by the spherical actin molecules.
C)They extend from the thick filaments and bind to actin, then bend to pull the thin filaments in closer together during muscle contraction.
D)The A band is shorter than the I band.
Q4) Skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract by release of the neurotransmitter
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Chapter 8: Cardiac Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) when the aortic valve opens
A)aortic pressure > ventricular pressure > atrial pressure
B)ventricular pressure > aortic pressure > atrial pressure
C)aortic pressure > atrial pressure > ventricular pressure
D)ventricular pressure > atrial pressure > aortic pressure
E)atrial pressure > ventricular pressure > aortic pressure
Q2) Which of these statements describes the systemic circulation
A)It receives more blood than the pulmonary circulation.
B)It receives blood from the right ventricle.
C)It receives blood from the right atrium.
D)It is a high-pressure system compared to the pulmonary circulation.
Q3) produces a "whistling" murmur
A)valvular stenosis
B)valvular insufficiency
Q4) The ____________________ is the normal pacemaker of the heart.
Q5) An increase in venous return ____________________ the end-diastolic volume.
Q6) An increase in cardiac sympathetic activity ____________________ the contractility of the ventricles.
Q7) Vitamins ____________________ and ____________________ have been shown to slow plaque deposition.
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Chapter 9: Vascular Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents postural (orthostatic) hypotension
A)a shock-like state that affects the elderly
B)an abnormally low blood pressure in the supine position
C)a permanent decrease in blood pressure in a long-bedridden patient
D)an abnormal and transient drop in blood pressure on assumption of the upright position
Q2) During exercise, blood flow to the digestive tract is increased by dilation of the arterioles of the digestive tract.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Increased tissue respiration rates cause local vasodilation of arterioles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What force continues to drive blood through the vasculature during ventricular diastole
A)ventricular contraction
B)elastic recoil of the stretched arterial walls
C)production of arterial vasoconstriction by sympathetic stimulation
D)skeletal muscle contraction
Q5) Increased heart rate _____ cardiac output.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: The Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a required factor in the intrinsic clotting mechanism
A)calcium ion
B)factor XII
C)platelet factor 3
D)factor VII
Q2) Which of the following slowly dissolves clots
A)tissue thromboplastin
B)prostacyclin
C)plasmin
D)calcium
Q3) Which condition results from inadequate amounts of platelets
A)haemophilia
B)sickle cell anaemia
C)thrombocytopenia
D)Hageman disorder
Q4) Haemolysis of red blood cells means that they rupture.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the different types and functions of plasma proteins
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Chapter 11: Body Defences
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Sample Questions
Q1) B and T cells that are no longer needed undergo ____________________ to ensure that a specific immune response is self-limiting.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT attributable to complement activity
A)acting as opsonins
B)walling off the inflamed area
C)serving as chemotaxins
D)stimulating the release of histamine
Q3) ____________________ is released from virally invaded cells and, transiently, nonselectively inhibits multiplication of viruses in other cells.
Q4) Which of these statements applies to autoimmune diseases
A)They produce large numbers of abnormal leukocytes.
B)They are more common in men than in women.
C)They are caused by lack of recognition of self-antigen by the immune system.
D)They are associated with overexposure to self-antigens.
Q5) Which of the following does NOT apply to macrophages
A)They participate in inflammation.
B)They process and present antigen to lymphocytes.
C)They secrete antibodies.
D)They participate in immune surveillance against cancer.
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Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pulmonary surfactant is secreted by Type II alveolar cells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of these statements describes expiratory neurons
A)They are found in both the DRG and the VRG.
B)They send impulses to the expiratory muscles during normal quiet breathing.
C)They are stimulated by the pneumotaxic centre, and in turn inhibit the inspiratory neurons.
D)They are stimulated by the inspiratory neurons, and in turn inhibit the inspiratory neurons.
Q3) The respiratory quotient is the ratio of ____________________ to ____________________.
Q4) Which of these conditions applies to alveolar PO at high altitudes
A)PO is higher than normal.
B)PO is lower than normal.
C)PCO is higher than normal.
D)PCO is lower than normal.
Q5) If a person ascended a mountain where the atmospheric pressure was only 500 mmHg, assuming that the air consisted of 21 percent O , what would the PO of the air be
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Chapter 13: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vasa recta are associated with which of these structures
A)afferent arterioles
B)efferent arterioles
C)cortical nephrons
D)juxtamedullary nephrons
Q2) Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H O
a.reabsorption.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
Q3) What are the pathological effects of renal failure
Q4) The tubular fluid is ____________________ as it enters Bowman's capsule, ____________________ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ____________________ at the tip of the loop, and ____________________ as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.
Q5) Increased vasopressin secretion __________ Na reabsorption.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
Q6) Compare and contrast renal actions at the proximal and distal tubules.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) ECF and ICF become hypertonic.
A)overhydration
B)dehydration
C)both overhydration and dehydration
D)neither overhydration nor dehydration
Q2) On average, ____________________ percent of body weight consists of H O
Q3) depends primarily on Na balance
A)regulation of ECF volume
B)regulation of ECF osmolarity
Q4) Fluid consumption is influenced by other factors in addition to the thirst mechanism involving osmoreceptors.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which ion has the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm
A)calcium ion
B)chloride ion
C)phosphate ion
D)potassium ion
Q6) Acidosis leads to ____________________ secretion of H in the urine.
Q7) ____________________ is the acid found in the stomach.
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the major stimulus for secretion of secretin
A)the sight and aroma of food
B)entry of a bolus into the oesophagus
C)distension of the stomach
D)entry of acid chyme into the small intestine
Q2) The major metabolic waste product eliminated in the feces is bilirubin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The contents of the digestive tract are technically outside the body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva
A)amylase
B)mucus
C)pepsin
D)lysozyme
Q5) What are the various outcomes with respect to the other digestive organs when the stomach distends
Q6) ____________________ is the ability of smooth muscle to maintain constant tension over a wide range of lengths.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ work constitutes all forms of biological energy expenditure that do not accomplish mechanical work outside the body.
Q2) Aspirin reduces a fever by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ____________________ signalling of the autonomic nervous system controls the vasomotor responses of the skin.
Q4) How many kilocalories is 5300 calories
A)0.053 kcal
B)0.53 kcal
C)5.3 kcal
D)53 kcal
Q5) The amount of heat lost to the environment by radiation and conduction-convection is largely determined by the ____________________ between the skin and the external environment.
Q6) Heat exhaustion is accompanied by extensive sweating, whereas heat stroke is characterized by an absence of sweating.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parasympathetic stimulation of the uterine muscle is involved in the process of parturition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A surge in LH halts estrogen synthesis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One primary oocyte containing 46 chromosomes yields one ovum containing 46 chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cryptorchidism is the descending of the testis through the inguinal canal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The IUD prevents ovulation.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Forty-four of the 46 chromosomes in a human body cell are ____________________.
Page 20
Q7) The three major stages of spermatogenesis are ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
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