Physiology for Health Professions
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of human physiology with a focus on concepts essential for health professions. Students will study the structure and function of major organ systems including the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, and endocrine systems emphasizing their roles in maintaining homeostasis. Through lectures, case studies, and laboratory activities, the course demonstrates how physiological knowledge bridges basic science with clinical applications, preparing students for careers in healthcare and biomedical fields. Understanding normal physiological processes is highlighted as a foundation for recognizing pathophysiological changes that occur in disease states.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Human Physiology 4th Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
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18 Chapters
4200 Verified Questions
4200 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every organ system of the human body is focused on homeostasis as its primary function.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The skin is this tissue type.
A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue
Answer: B
Q3) Blood is this tissue type.
A)nervous tissue
B)epithelial tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)connective tissue
Answer: D
Q4) Detects skin temperature.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ is a protein responsible for pinching off an endocytic vesicle.
Answer: dynamin
Q2) Contains powerful oxidative enzymes important in detoxifying various wastes.
A)ER
B)Golgi complex
C)Lysosome
D)Peroxisome
E)Mitochondrion
F)Free ribosome
G)Microtubule
H)Microfilament
Answer: D
Q3) The golgi complex is functionally connected to the ER.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) When ATP is utilized _________ and ___________ are produced.
Answer: ADP/Pi
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Chapter 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane
Potential
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Sample Questions
Q1) Select the incorrect statement about the plasma membrane.
A) cholesterol contributes to its stability.
B) membrane proteins are inserted in a lipid bilayer.
C) it consists mostly of proteins.
D) its lipid bilayer is not a rigid structure.
E) membrane carbohydrates are only on its outer surface.
Answer: C
Q2) Endocytosis and exocytosis are both kinds of ____________________ transport. Answer: vesicular
Q3) The phospholipids within the plasma membrane
A) form a bilayer with the nonpolar tails buried in the center and the hydrophilic heads lined up on the outer and inner surfaces.
B) serve as a barrier to passage of water-soluble substances between the ICF and ECF.
C) are constantly moving
D) both (a) and (b) only
E) all of these answers.
Answer: E
Q4) A(n) ____________________ solution has the same osmolarity as normal body cells.
Answer: isotonic
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Chapter 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spatial summation occurs in a postsynaptic neuron
A) when several EPSPs from a single presynaptic input sum to reach threshold.
B) when EPSPs from several presynaptic inputs sum to reach threshold.
C) upon simultaneous interaction of an EPSP and an IPSP.
D) when several IPSPs from a single presynaptic input sum to hyperpolarize the membrane.
E) none of these answers.
Q2) At the synapse, a presynaptic neuron signals a(n) ____________________ neuron.
Q3) at resting potential
A)The membrane is more permeable to K<sup>+</sup> than to Na<sup>+</sup>.
B)The membrane is more permeable to Na<sup>+</sup> than to K<sup>+</sup>.
C)The membrane is about equally permeable to Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>.
Q4) When a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically-gated Na? channels
A) an impulse is propagated.
B) a graded potential is established.
C) an action potential is inhibited
D) the voltage across the membrane becomes more negative.
E) the voltage across the membrane stays the same.
Page 6
Q5) When a neuron starts to depolarize, ____________________ ions move into the cell.
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Page 7
Chapter 5: The Central Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carry information from the periphery to the CNS.
A)ascending tracts
B)descending tracts
C)afferent neurons
D)efferent neurons
Q2) Gray matter refers to regions of the central nervous system composed primarily of densely packed cell bodies, whereas white matter consists of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) location of cell bodies for afferent neurons
A)gray matter of spinal cord.
B)white matter of spinal cord
C)dorsal root ganglion
Q4) Chemical messengers travel short distances.
A)applies to the nervous system
B)applies to the endocrine system
C)applies to both the nervous system and the endocrine system
Q5) Describe how memories are created.
Q6) Brain capillaries are joined by ____________________ junctions.
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Chapter 6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special
Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) low acuity
A)rods
B)cones
C)both rods and cones
Q2) Light must pass through several layers of retinal cells before reaching rods and cones.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Uses substance P as its neurotransmitter
A)pain
B)vision
C)hearing
D)motion/equilibrium
E)taste
F)smell
Q4) Pain may be elicited by thermal or chemical stimuli.
A)True
B)False
Q5) lens
Q6) fovea
Page 9
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Chapter 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division
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Sample Questions
Q1) What system would suppress the digestive organs during times of greater physical activity?
A) parasympathetic.
B) enteric nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) none of these answers.
E) all of these answers
Q2) Adrenergic receptor found primarily in the heart.
A)nicotinic receptors
B)muscarinic receptors
C)alpha receptors
D)Beta 1 receptors
E)Beta 2 receptors
Q3) Sympathetic activity inhibits the secretion of ____________________ from the pancreas.
Q4) Innervates skeletal muscle.
A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
D)somatic system
Page 11
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Chapter 8: Muscle Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction, the muscle fibers of one motor unit slide in closer together between the muscle fibers of adjacent motor units.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which is not characteristic of smooth muscle?
A) under involuntary control.
B) does not have troponin.
C) contraction is initiated neurogenically.
D) found in the walls of hollow tube-like organs.
E) innervation by the ANS.
Q3) Which type of muscle contains the most actin?
A) skeletal
B) smooth
C) cardiac
D) all of the above contain approximately the same amount
Q4) The two types of fast twitch fibers are interconvertible depending on the type of conditioning they receive.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 9: Cardiac Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the semilunar valves close, backflow of blood into the ventricles is prevented and the S1 heart sound can be heard.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ____________________ is the normal pacemaker of the heart.
Q3) A. Spontaneous rate of depolarization in the SA node
B. Spontaneous rate of depolarization in the ventricles
A)A is greater than B
B)B is greater than A
C)A and B are equal
Q4) the ventricles' left is much thicker
A)tricuspid valve
B)myocardium
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)AV node
E)sinoatrial node
Q5) The aortic valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure
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Sample Questions
Q1) application of ice to a sprained ankle
A)would produce arteriolar vasoconstriction
B)would produce arteriolar vasodilation
C)would not cause any change in arteriolar caliber
Q2) Short term adjustments in blood pressure are mediated by A) baroreceptor reflexes.
B) sympathetic system
C) renal activity
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) both (b) and (c) above.
Q3) Given the following forces acting at a given point across the capillary wall, what type of fluid movement will be taking place at that point? Capillary blood pressure = 32 mm
Hg Blood-colloid osmotic pressure = 23 mm Hg Interstitial-fluid hydrostatic pressure = 1 mm Hg Interstitial-fluid-colloid osmotic pressure = 0 mm Hg
A) Ultrafiltration will occur with a net outward pressure of 8 mm Hg.
B) Ultrafiltration will occur with a net outward pressure of 10 mm Hg.
C) Ultrafiltration will occur with a net outward pressure of 56 mm Hg.
D) Reabsorption will occur with a net inward pressure of 24 mm Hg.
E) Reabsorption will occur with a net inward pressure of 10 mm Hg.
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Chapter 11: The Blood and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of plasma albumins is
A) contributing to the clotting process.
B) body defense.
C) maintenance of the blood's osmotic pressure.
D) transport of lipids.
E) transport of metal minerals.
Q2) Which of the following statements concerning erythrocytes is incorrect?
A) erythrocytes do not contain any organelles.
B) erythrocytes may take on many different shapes.
C) erythrocytes originate from the same undifferentiated pluripotential stem cells as leukocytes and platelets.
D) erythrocytes are unable to utilize the O<sub>2</sub> they contain for their own ATP formation.
E) erythrocytes only live about 5 days.
Q3) Which of the following does not contribute to defense of the respiratory system?
A) coughs and sneezes
B) cilia-propelled mucus escalator
C) alveolar macrophages
D) normal microbial population of the lungs
E) IgA antibodies
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Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are on an airplane at an altitude of 20,000 feet where atmospheric pressure is 350 mm Hg. Air is pumped into the cabin for you to breath. What would the percent of oxygen in this are need to be to allow you to breath air with a partial pressure of oxygen of around the normal 150 mm Hg?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 100%
E) 150%
Q2) nitrogen levels in the air being breathed is 80%
A)this change would increase the rate
B)this change would decrease the rate
C)this change would have no effect on the rate
Q3) Pulmonary surfactant reduces the work of breathing and increases lung stability by increasing alveolar surface tension.
A)True
B)False
Q4) inspiratory reserve volume
Q5) How are respiratory events regulated?
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Chapter 13: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) This vessel carries blood directly into the capillary beds of each nephron:
A) afferent arteriole.
B) efferent arteriole.
C) glomerulus.
D) peritubular bed.
E) none of these answers.
Q2) Increased K<sup>+</sup> in body fluids______ aldosterone secretion.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
Q3) The greatest percentage of Na<sup>+</sup> reabsorption takes place in the A) proximal tubule.
B) loop of Henle.
C) distal tubule.
D) collecting tubule.
E) renal pelvis.
Q4) Plasma proteins are normally found in the fluid of the proximal tubules but are reabsorbed before the fluid enters the collecting ducts..
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Normal blood pH
A) is slightly basic.
B) is slightly alkaline.
C) falls between 7.35 and 7.45.
D) varies greatly.
E) both (a) and (c) above.
Q2) Depends primarily on Na<sup>+</sup> balance.
A)refers to regulation of ECF volume
B)refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity
Q3) If an individual is overhydrated,
A) H<sub>2</sub>O will move by osmosis into the cells.
B) both the ECF and ICF compartments will be hypotonic after the fluid shift has occurred.
C) symptoms might include confusion, headache, lethargy, weakness, and edema.
D) two of these answers.
E) all of these answers.
Q4) The percentage of body water varies from person to person.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe how sodium and blood pressure balance are interconnected.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following enter the duodenum?
A) pancreatic secretions
B) bile
C) fatty acids from digested lipids
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) all of these answers.
Q2) Which of the following accurately describes chymotrypsinogen?
A) chymotrypsinogen is activated by enterokinase.
B) once activated, chymotrypsinogen is involved in protein digestion.
C) chymotrypsinogen is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.
D) all of these answers.
E) none of these answers.
Q3) Compare peristalsis and segmentation.
Q4) The chief cells of the gastric mucosa secrete
A) bicarbonate ions.
B) HCl.
C) pepsinogen.
D) sucrase.
E) trypsin.
Q5) What role do micelles and chylomicrons play in fat absorption?
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lowest metabolic rate occurs
A) during sleep.
B) during a basal metabolic rate determination.
C) during exercise.
D) after a meal.
E) in males compared to females.
Q2) According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can be created and destroyed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The temperature-sensitive receptors that monitor skin and core temperature are termed ____________________.
Q4) emission of heat energy from the surface of a warm body in the form of electromagnetic waves
A)convection
B)evaporation
C)radiation
D)conduction
Q5) The most important factor determining the extent of evaporation of sweat is the ____________________ of the air.
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Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cortisol _____ blood amino acids.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
Q2) Secretion is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
A)epinephrine
B)cortisol
C)aldosterone
D)dehydroepiandrosterone
Q3) Thyroxine (T4)
A) is formed by coupling one MIT and one DIT within the colloid.
B) is produced by the C cells of the thyroid gland.
C) exerts a calorigenic effect.
D) inhibits thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in negative-feedback fashion.
E) is more potent than tri-iodothyronine.
Q4) An enlarged thyroid is called a(n) ____________________.
Q5) Cortisol _____ muscle protein.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Select the structure that serves as a common passageway for two tracts in the male.
A) anterior pituitary
B) ductus deferens
C) ejaculatory duct
D) ureter
E) urethra
Q2) When does the luteal phase end?
A) 10
B) 8
C) 7
D) 6
Q3) Secondary sexual characteristics refer to the external characteristics not directly involved in reproduction that distinguish males and females.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________ the milk produced for the first five days postpartum
Q5) Amniotic fluid is similar in composition to ICF.
A)True
B)False
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