Physiological Psychology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Physiological Psychology explores the intricate relationship between the brain, nervous system, and behavior. This course examines how biological processes such as neural transmission, brain structure and function, hormones, and genetics influence perception, emotion, learning, memory, and abnormal behavior. Through lectures, research reviews, and practical examples, students gain an understanding of the physiological bases of various psychological phenomena and develop insight into current methodologies and technologies used to study brain-behavior interactions.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience 3rd Edition by Laura Freberg
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16 Chapters
2682 Verified Questions
2682 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Behavioral Neuroscience
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the best definition of heritability?
A)the amount of an individual's phenotype that is due to genetic influences
B) the proportion of traits in an individual that are not influenced by environmental variables
C) the amount that a trait varies in a population that is due to genetics
D) the likelihood that a parent will pass on a particular trait to his or her offspring
Answer: C
Q2) The genetic insertion of molecules into specific neurons that allows the activity of the neurons to be controlled by light is called ________.
A)optogenetics
B) epigenetics
C) dialectical genome manipulation
D) magnetoencephalography
Answer: A
Q3) What makes it possible to assess activity levels using PET scans and fMRI?
Answer: Busy neurons require more glucose and oxygen than neurons not currently involved in major processing.PET and fMRI are able to track the utilization of these substances by different parts of the brain.
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Chapter 2: Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The subarachnoid space is found between the arachnoid layer and the A)pia mater.
B)dura mater.
C)skull bones.
D)lateral ventricles.
Answer: A
Q2) At the very back of the cerebral cortex are the _________ lobes.
A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital
Answer: D
Q3) The cochlear and vestibular nuclei are located in the
A)midbrain.
B)medulla.
C)pons.
D)cerebellum.
Answer: C
Q4) What functions are primarily managed by the occipital lobe?
Answer: The occipital lobe is primarily involved with visual processing.
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Chapter 3: Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the
Cells of the Nervous System
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary advantage of electrical synapses over chemical synapses is
A)less need for sodium-potassium pumps.
B)speed.
C)the ability to provide a greater variety of responses.
D)the ability to produce inhibition.
Answer: B
Q2) The action of tetanospasmin,the toxin responsible for tetanus,interferes with the
A)production of action potentials.
B) production of EPSPs.
C)production of IPSPs.
D)presynaptic facilitation.
Answer: C
Q3) Synaptic vesicles play no role in determining the amount of neurotransmitters they release into a synapse between neurons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When NMDA channels are opened,they allow the passage of charged _________ ions.
A)chloride
B)sodium and chloride
C)calcium
D)sodium and calcium
Q2) Darrell is going through withdrawal from a drug and is showing symptoms of extreme excitation and seizures.The drug Darrell was using is most likely A)alcohol.
B)amphetamine.
C)LSD.
D)marijuana.
Q3) The most common excitatory neurochemical in the central nervous system is A)serotonin.
B)ACh.
C)GABA. D)glutamate.
Q4) Briefly describe the sequence of events illustrated in this figure.Be sure to identify the types of receptors depicted and the movement of any relevant ions.
Q5) Distinguish between neurotransmitters,neuromodulators,and neurohormones.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the first two weeks of a human pregnancy,the developing organism is referred to as a(n)
A)zygote.
B)embryo.
C)blastocyst.
D)fetus.
Q2) The process in which chromosomes exchange equivalent sections of genetic material is known as
A)linkage.
B)crossing over.
C)meiosis.
D)gene expression.
Q3) Why does a critical period end?
Q4) Gene expression refers to the
A)division of the chromosomes in half during the formation of eggs and sperm.
B)passing along of genes that are located close to one another on a chromosome.
C)conversion of genetic instructions into a feature of a living cell.
D)imprinting of particular genes.
Q5) What are the possible benefits of adult neurogenesis?
Q6) Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis. Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Vision
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Binocular cells respond most vigorously when
A)a grating appears different than a uniformly colored disk.
B)an object is moving.
C)when a person is scanning a painting that uses perspective to achieve an impression of depth.
D)both eyes are looking at the same feature of an object.
Q2) Astigmatism usually occurs when the
A)eye is elongated.
B)eye is shortened.
C)cornea is misshapen.
D)lens becomes clouded.
Q3) Cell bodies of the photoreceptors are located in the _________ area.
A)inner nuclear
B)outer nuclear
C)inner plexiform
D)outer plexiform
Q4) Information about vision travels from the retina to the ____________________ and the ____________________ cortex.
Q5) What is an orientation column?
Q6) Describe the organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the outer layer of skin,which is actually composed of dead cells?
A)glabrous tissue
B)epidermis
C)dermis
D)subcutaneous tissue
Q2) Which type of mechanoreceptor is encapsulated,adapts rapidly,has a small receptive field,and senses pressure?
A)Meissner's corpuscles
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Merkel's disks
D)Ruffini endings
Q3) Hertz (Hz)is used to measure a sound's
A)loudness.
B)intensity.
C)frequency.
D)amplitude.
Q4) What is the typical outcome of losing one's sense of smell due to damage to the olfactory tracts?
Q5) What is a "supertaster?"
10
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Chapter 8: Movement
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Feedback regarding joint position and movement is provided by
A)muscle spindles.
B)mechanoreceptors.
C)Golgi tendon organs.
D)free nerve endings.
Q2) Complex plans for movement are correlated with decreased activity in the premotor cortex.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A single motor unit usually contains a motor neuron and
A)one muscle fiber.
B)both fast and slow-twitch fibers.
C)either fast-twitch or slow-twitch fibers, but not a mixture of the two types.
D)a muscle spindle.
Q4) In humans,which of the following body parts probably has the greatest corresponding area of primary motor cortex?
A) the torso
B) the legs
C)the lips
D)the toes
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Chapter 9: Homeostasis and Motivation
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glucoreceptors have been found in the
A)hindbrain.
B)prefrontal cortex.
C)insula.
D)putamen.
Q2) Individuals who have recovered from anorexia nervosa show _________ levels.
A)elevated NPY
B)reduced NPY
C)elevated CART
D)reduced CART
Q3) Following open heart surgery or cardiac arrest,it has become common for physicians to
A)artificially produce a state of mild hyperthermia in a patient.
B)artificially produce a state of mild hypothermia in a patient.
C)increase the levels of pyrogens in the brain.
D)artificially produce a state of fever.
Q4) What is the role of CART in the maintenance of anorexia nervosa?
Q5) Hyponatremia occurs when sodium levels are high,but fluid levels are low.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mifepristone (RU-486 or the abortion pill)interrupts early pregnancy by blocking the action of
A)progesterone.
B)LH.
C)FSH.
D)estradiol.
Q2) The female gonads are known as
A)the Müllerian system.
B)the Wolffian system.
C)ovaries.
D)testes.
Q3) High testosterone levels in men are reflected in
A)wide-set eyes and full lips.
B)an impaired immune system.
C)a square jaw.
D)a childlike face.
Q4) What differences in brain activity occur when we view someone we love compared to when we view someone we like?
Q5) Describe the major features of Klinefelter syndrome.
Q6) What processes determine the development of external genitalia?
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain
A)rhodopsin, the same photopigment found in rods.
B)a variety of color photopigments.
C)no photopigments.
D)the photopigment melanopsin.
Q2) During adolescence,most people
A)continue their previous patterns of sleep and waking.
B)require less sleep than at other points in the lifespan.
C)temporarily act like "larks."
D)temporarily act like "owls."
Q3) PGO waves are usually observed
A)during Stages 1 and 2 of NREM sleep.
B)during all stages of NREM sleep.
C)during REM sleep.
D)immediately after the subject awakens.
Q4) The frequency of sleep terrors is
A)equal in boys and girls.
B)higher in girls than boys.
C)higher in boys than girls.
D)higher in adults than children.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) We can conclude from the case study of patient H.M.and similar cases that
A)long-term memories are stored in the hippocampus.
B)medial temporal lobe structures are necessary for the retrieval of stored memories.
C)the hippocampus is essential to the formation of implicit memories.
D)the hippocampus probably participates in the transfer of short-term memories to long-term storage.
Q2) Which of the following is an example memories that are recalled explicitly?
A)classical conditioning
B)sensitization
C)procedural memory
D)episodic memory
Q3) Declarative memories include _________ memories.
A)procedural and sensory
B)episodic and semantic
C)procedural and episodic
D)semantic and sensory
Q4) Describe the changes in brain activity during the processing of memories that occur in old age.
Q5) How does long-term depression occur in the cerebellum?
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Chapter 13: Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence for a specific-abilities approach to intelligence includes the
A)large contribution of genetics to intelligence.
B)large improvements in IQ performance that has occurred over the last 100 years.
C)occurrence of savant behavior.
D)tendency for very bright students to excel in all subjects.
Q2) Identify the structures that are linked by each of the commissures numbered 1 through 4 in this illustration.
Q3) In a dichotic listening test for which he volunteered,Justin was able to repeat the words presented to his right ear,but he did a better job evaluating the emotional tone of a word when it was presented to his left ear.It is most likely that
A)Justin is left-handed.
B)Justin is right-handed.
C)Justin is ambidextrous, showing no preference for one hand over the other.
D)no predictions about Justin's handedness can be made without further information.
Q4) What do dichotic listening tests tell us about lateralization of language and emotion?
Q5) How can we reconcile theories of general and multiple intelligence?
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How well would the classic theories of emotion predict the behavior of people playing violent videogames?
Q2) People with damage to the lateral prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex may demonstrate deficits in
A)language comprehension.
B)experiencing appropriate levels of fear.
C)maintaining attention.
D)impulse control.
Q3) A ________ smile is typically viewed by scientists as genuine,and includes movement of the eye muscles that make "crow's feet" at the corner of the eyes.
A)Steinem
B)Haritmoto
C)Ekman
D)Duchenne
Q4) The result of activity in the HPA axis is
A)activation of the amygdala.
B)reductions in serotonergic activity.
C)increases in the release of testosterone.
D)increases in the release of cortisol.
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Chapter 15: Neuropsychology
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Initial symptoms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)may mimic
A)meningitis.
B)West Nile virus infection.
C)depression.
D)schizophrenia.
Q2) Most neuropsychologists are
A)specialists among psychiatrists who have medical doctor (M.D.) degrees.
B)specialists among neurologists who have medical doctor (M.D.) degrees.
C)licensed clinical psychologists who have special training in the neurosciences.
D)masters level psychologists who hold licenses in counseling.
Q3) According to Woods and Teuber,patients with prenatal or early postnatal left hemisphere damage demonstrate
A)no deficits to either language or visuospatial skills.
B)relatively normal visuospatial skills, but deficient language skills.
C)relatively normal language skills, but deficient visuospatial skills.
D)deficient language and visuospatial skills.
Q4) Describe the types of damage that occur during a closed head injury,making reference to the features illustrated in this image.
Q5) Summarize the symptoms and treatment of AIDS dementia complex (ADC).
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Chapter 16: Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurotransmitters associated with anxiety disorders are
A)dopamine and GABA.
B)dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
C)serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate.
D)serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA.
Q2) One problem with the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is
A)the lack of response to dopamine agonists shown by some patients.
B)the lack of response to dopamine antagonists shown by some patients.
C)research findings showing people with schizophrenia produce abnormal amounts of dopamine.
D)research findings showing people with schizophrenia have normal numbers of dopamine receptors.
Q3) Which brain structures are suspected of contributing to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Q4) Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia?
A)a 23-year-old woman whose mother was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
B)a 62-year-old man born in Panama.
C)a 5-year-old child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D)a 42-year-old man who uses heroin regularly.
Page 19
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