Physics in Diagnostic Imaging
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Physics in Diagnostic Imaging explores the fundamental physical principles underlying modern medical imaging techniques used in clinical diagnosis. This course covers the generation, properties, and interactions of various forms of radiation including X-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and nuclear medicine modalities with biological tissues. Students will examine the physics behind image formation, instrumentation, safety considerations, image quality, and the interpretation of images. Through an understanding of these concepts, students gain insight into the functioning and optimization of diagnostic tools such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET), as well as the regulatory and safety standards governing their use in healthcare.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Radiographic Physics and Imaging 2nd Edition by James Johnston
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16 Chapters
1530 Verified Questions
1530 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Imaging Sciences
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To help dissipate the heat produced during x-ray production,the x-ray tube housing is filled with
A)air
B)water
C)refrigerant
D)oil
Answer: D
Q2) The ____________ is the SI unit equivalent to the rad.
A)rem
B)roentgen
C)gray
D)Becquerel
Answer: A
Q3) The ____________ is the SI unit equivalent to the Curie.
A)roentgen
B)Becquerel
C)sievert
D)gray
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Structure of the Atom
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Sample Questions
Q1) The component of the nucleus that has mass but no electrical charge is the A)electron
B)neutron
C)proton
D)none of the above
Answer: B
Q2) The three fundamental particles of the atom are the A)element,nucleus,and electron
B)electron,nucleus,and proton
C)neutron,electron,and proton
D)nucleus,proton,and neutron
Answer: C
Q3) For the chemical element sodium (²² Na),the atomic mass number is A)11
B)22
C)33
D)none of the above
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Electromagnetic and Particulate Radiation
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electromagnetic energy cannot travel through a vacuum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) An object we see as black is _______________ all of the wavelengths of visible light.
A)absorbing
B)diffusing
C)reflecting
D)changing
Answer: A
Q3) Gamma rays are produced
A)from unstable atoms
B)using fast-moving electrons
C)using fast-moving atoms
D)using fast-moving metals
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The X-Ray Circuit
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152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability of a material to attract iron,cobalt,or nickel is called
A)electromagnetism
B)potential difference
C)magnetism
D)voltage
Q2) The rheostat is found on the
A)primary circuit
B)secondary circuit
C)filament circuit
D)none of the above
Q3) The filament is a straight piece of wire in the cathode.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Magnetic field strength is measured in
A)tesla
B)ohms
C)Newtons
D)Joules
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The X-Ray Tube
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Sample Questions
Q1) To keep the electrons together,the focusing cup
A)has a negative charge
B)has a positive charge
C)physically surrounds the electron cloud
D)A and C
E)B and C
Q2) Heat from x-ray production is removed through conduction by the heat traveling from
A)the tube into the room by cooling fans
B)the tube to heat tolerant materials
C)the tube to the oil bath
D)none of the above
Q3) The target window is usually approximately
A)1 mm²
B)5 mm²
C)1 cm²
D)5 cm²
Q4) When x-rays are produced inside the tube they travel in all directions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: X-Ray Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) The x-ray beam that leaves the patient to expose the IR is called the
A)remnant beam
B)primary beam
C)patient beam
D)none of the above
Q2) Beam quality refers to
A)the energy level of the radiation
B)the amount of radiation
C)how useful the radiation is
D)all of the above
Q3) Placing filtration in the path of the beam results in
A)a harder beam
B)a softer beam
C)more x-ray photons
D)a sharper image
Q4) As the distance increases,the beam quantity reaching a specific area
A)increases
B)decreases
C)stays the same
D)doubles
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Chapter 7: X-Ray Interactions With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Photoelectric interactions are more likely to occur in A)air
B)soft tissue
C)bone
D)they occur equally in all types of tissues
Q2) A positron is
A)the same as an electron
B)a positively charged electron
C)the same as a proton
D)a positively charged neutron
Q3) Irradiation of water can create harmful free radicals that then indirectly damage molecules and cells.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Reducing the amount of Compton scattering
A)is impossible
B)is extremely difficult to accomplish
C)is very important in producing quality images
D)all of the above
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Chapter 8: Image Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coherent scattering
A)is a significant interaction during radiographic imaging
B)has minimal effect on the imaging process
C)never affects the diagnostic image
D)none of the above
Q2) For every 4-5 cm of tissue,the x-ray beam quantity is reduced by approximately
A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
Q3) Which of the following is an example of an image receptor?
A)Film-screen.
B)Digital.
C)Absorption.
D)A and B.
Q4) At higher kilovoltages within the diagnostic range
A)the percentage of Compton interactions increases
B)the percentage of Compton interactions decreases
C)the percentage of Compton interactions remains the same
D)none of the above
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Chapter 9: Image Quality and Characteristics
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129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If there were no contrast in a radiograph,the image would include
A)only the same shade of gray
B)black and white
C)light gray and dark gray
D)black and light gray
Q2) Radiographic contrast should change based on the anatomy being imaged.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If 1000 light photons enter a film and 200 photons exit the same area,the percent transmittance is
A)5%
B)10%
C)20%
D)25%
Q4) Additional exposure after the curve reaches Dm (as in duplicating film)results in
A)higher contrast
B)lower contrast
C)increased density
D)decreased density
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Chapter 10: Radiographic Exposure Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) Typically,every increase in the thickness of the part being imaged of 4-5 cm requires the mAs
A)to be halved
B)to be doubled
C)to be increased by 4-5%
D)to be decreased by 4-5%
Q2) If the intensity of radiation at 72 inches is 225 mR,what is the intensity if the SID is decreased to 40 inches?
A)69.4 mR.
B)125 mR.
C)405 mR.
D)729 mR.
Q3) Increasing kVp has a greater effect on the quality of a film-screen image than on a digital image.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Shape distortion is only due to misalignment of the tube or part.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Scatter Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors need to be considered when determining the grid to be used for a specific examination?
A)Patient exposure.
B)Level of contrast improvement needed.
C)Focal range.
D)All of the above.
Q2) Focused grids are more effective than parallel grids in absorbing scatter radiation and allowing transmitted radiation to reach the IR.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The beam-restriction device that includes a visible light projecting the x-ray field size onto the patient is the
A)aperture diaphragm
B)collimator
C)cone or cylinder
D)none of the above
Q4) Adding a grid or increasing grid ratio results in an increase in patient dose.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Image Receptors
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176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In digital radiography (DR),the detector array
A)is used exactly like a cassette
B)replaces the bucky assembly
C)captures and transfers the digital data to a computer
D)B and C
Q2) The color of light produced by an intensifying screen is the
A)spectral matching
B)spectral sensitivity
C)spectral emission
D)B and C
Q3) The cassette for film-screen imaging does not have to be light-proof because the light from the screens exposes the film.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ability of a detector to resolve small structures is the A)Nyquist frequency
B)modulation transfer function (MTF)
C)limiting spatial resolution (LSR)
D)detective quantum efficiency (DQE)
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Chapter 13: Exposure Technique Selection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ionization chamber AEC detectors are entrance-type devices because the x-rays must
A)enter the detector after passing through the IR
B)enter the detector before entering the patient
C)enter the detector before getting to the IR
Q2) The mAs readout is of little value because there is no need to set manual exposure factors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) With digital imaging using AEC,if an AP thoracic spine is imaged with the central ray passing 3 inches to the right of the spine,the brightness in the area of interest is __________________ and the exposure time is ________________________.(Assume all other factors are appropriate. )
A)light;long
B)light;short
C)appropriate;short
D)dark;long
Q4) Phototimer AEC devices convert the radiation to light energy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Image Intensified Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Age has no effect on an image intensifier because everything takes place in a vacuum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The __________________________ absorbs x-rays and emits light.
A)input phosphor
B)output phosphor
C)photocathode
D)accelerating anode
Q3) Photoemission occurs at the
A)input phosphor
B)output phosphor
C)photocathode
D)accelerating anode
Q4) The fiberoptic bundle or optical lens system is used to
A)deliver the image from the camera to the television monitor
B)record the fluoroscopic image
C)link the output phosphor and camera or CCD
D)none of the above
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Chapter 15: Additional Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) DXA stands for
A)double x-ray absorption
B)density x-ray attenuation
C)dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
D)double density x-ray attenuation
Q2) The kVp is very low because of the breast's
A)size
B)low subject contrast
C)high subject contrast
D)density
Q3) AEC devices are always used for mobile radiographic imaging
A)True
B)False
Q4) The horizontal level that extends through the body that includes the pivot point is the
A)tomographic amplitude
B)exposure amplitude
C)fulcrum
D)focal plane
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Chapter 16: Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) The result of changing window level and width of the CT image is that the image data has been permanently changed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Noise can be reduced by using a
A)lower pitch
B)higher pitch
C)shorter rotation time
D)None of the above
Q3) The composite electrical signal based on transmission values is the A)view
B)ray
C)profile
D)all of the above
Q4) The image data is the A)linear attenuation coefficients
B)matrix of CT numbers
C)same as the raw data
D)None of the above
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