Physics for Scientists and Engineers I Test Bank - 2629 Verified Questions

Physics for Scientists and Engineers I Test Bank

Course Introduction

Physics for Scientists and Engineers I is an introductory course that covers the fundamental principles of classical physics, with a strong emphasis on mechanics, motion, forces, energy, momentum, and rotational dynamics. Designed for students pursuing careers in science, engineering, and related fields, the course develops a deep understanding of the physical laws that govern the natural world, focusing on both conceptual foundations and quantitative problem-solving. Laboratory exercises and real-world applications are integrated to reinforce theoretical concepts and to build essential experimental and analytical skills.

Recommended Textbook Physics for Scientists and Engineers Technology Update 9th Edition Raymond A. Serway

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46 Chapters

2629 Verified Questions

2629 Flashcards

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Physics and Measurement

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Sample Questions

Q1) The density of an object is defined as:

A)the volume occupied by each unit of mass.

B)the amount of mass for each unit of volume.

C)the weight of each unit of volume.

D)the amount of the substance that has unit volume and unit mass.

E)the amount of the substance that contains as many particles as 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.

Answer: B

Q2) If you drove day and night without stopping for one year without exceeding the legal highway speed limit in the United States,the maximum number of miles you could drive would be closest to:

A)8700.

B)300000.

C)500000.

D)1000000.

E)32000000.

Answer: C

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Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension

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Sample Questions

Q1) A particle starts from rest at x_i = 0 and moves for 10 s with an acceleration of +2.0 cm/s².For the next 20 s,the acceleration of the particle is 1.0 cm/s².What is the position of the particle at the end of this motion?

A)zero

B)+3.0 m

C) 1.0 m

D)+2.0 m

E) 3.0 m

Answer: B

Q2) A swimmer swims 20 laps in a north-south facing pool in 7.00 minutes.Her first lap is toward the north.Her displacement and average velocity are A)0;0.

B)0;2.38 m/s,south.

C)0;2.38 m/s,north.

D)1 000 m,south;2.38 m/s,south.

E)1 000 m,north;2.38 m/s,north.

Answer: A

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Page 4

Chapter 3: Vectors

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Sample Questions

Q1) Refer to Exhibit 3-2.What is the child's distance from her starting position?

A)2.8 m

B)3.5 m

C)6.0 m

D)6.9 m

E)12.0 m

Answer: B

Q2) Refer to Exhibit 3-4.The total distance it travels is

A)1000 m.

B)1732 m.

C)2000 m.

D)6298 m.

E)8000 m.

Answer: E

Q3) A vector starts at coordinate (3.0,4.0)and ends at coordinate ( 2.0,16.0).What are the magnitude and direction of this vector?

Answer: 13.0 m,113°.

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Page 5

Chapter 4: Motion in Two Dimensions

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Q1) An airplane flies horizontally with a speed of 300 m/s at an altitude of 400 m.Assume that the ground is level.At what horizontal distance from a target must the pilot release a bomb so as to hit the target?

A)3.0 km

B)2.4 km

C)3.3 km

D)2.7 km

E)1.7 km

Q2) A rock is projected from the edge of the top of a building with an initial velocity of 12.2 m/s at an angle of 53° above the horizontal.The rock strikes the ground a horizontal distance of 25 m from the base of the building.Assume that the ground is level and that the side of the building is vertical.How tall is the building?

A)25.3 m

B)29.6 m

C)27.4 m

D)23.6 m

E)18.9 m

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Chapter 5: The Laws of Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 1.8-kg block is released from rest at the top of a rough 30° inclined plane.As the block slides down the incline,its acceleration is 3.0 m/s² down the incline.Determine the magnitude of the force of friction acting on the block.

A)4.2 N

B)3.0 N

C)3.4 N

D)3.8 N

E)2.3 N

Q2) When an acrobat hangs motionless from a pair of rings

A)she has no measurable weight.

B)her weight depends on the angles the ropes make with the ceiling.

C)her weight is reduced by the upward force the rings exert on her.

D)her weight is increased by the upward force the rings exert on her.

E)she exerts a gravitational force on the Earth that is equal to the sum of the forces the rings exert on her.

Q3) A box is dropped onto a conveyor belt moving at 2 m/s.If the coefficient of friction between the box and the belt is 0.3,how long before the box moves without slipping?

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Page 7

Chapter 6: Circular Motion and Other Applications of

Newtons Laws

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Sample Questions

Q1) A car travels around an unbanked highway curve (radius 0.15 km)at a constant speed of 25 m/s.What is the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the driver,who weighs 0.80 kN?

A)0.87 kN

B)0.34 kN

C)0.80 kN

D)0.00 kN

E)0.67 kN

Q2) A skydiver of 75 kg mass has a terminal velocity of 60 m/s.At what speed is the resistive force on the skydiver half that when at terminal speed?

A)15 m/s

B)49 m/s

C)30 m/s

D)42 m/s

E)36 m/s

Q3) An airplane pilot experiences weightlessness as she passes over the top of a loop-the-loop maneuver.If her speed is 200 m/s at the time,find the radius of the loop.

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Page 8

Chapter 7: Energy of a System

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Sample Questions

Q1) When a crate of mass m is dragged a distance d along a surface with coefficient of kinetic friction _k,then dragged back along the same path to its original position,the work done by friction is A)0.

B) _kmgd.

C)+ _kmgd.

D) 2 _kmgd.

E)+2 _kmgd.

Q2) Negative work can be done

A)by friction on the tires while a car is accelerating without skidding.

B)by a spring at the bottom of an elevator shaft when it stops a falling elevator.

C)by a hand catching a ball.

D)by all of the above.

E)only by (b)and (c)above.

Q3) A baseball outfielder throws a baseball of mass 0.15 kg at a speed of 40 m/s and initial angle of 30°.What is the kinetic energy of the baseball at the highest point of the trajectory?

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Chapter 8: Conservation of Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is a conservative force? (All refer to a car on a slope. )

A)The force you exert on the car pushing it uphill.

B)The force exerted by rain drops falling on the car.

C)The frictional force of the road on the car.

D)The gravitational force acting on the car.

E)The force you exert on the car (pushing it uphill)after it starts to slide downhill.

Q2) A spring with spring constant k = 800 N/m is extended 12 cm from its equilibrium position.A spring with 6.0 cm extension from equilibrium will have the same potential energy as the first spring if its spring constant is

A)200 N/m.

B)400 N/m.

C)800 N/m.

D)1 600 N/m.

E)3 200 N/m.

Q3) A surprising demonstration involves dropping an egg from a third-floor window to land on a foam-rubber pad 2 in (5 cm)thick without breaking.If a 56-gram egg falls 12 m,and the foam pad stops the egg in 6.25 ms,by how much is the pad compressed?

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Chapter 9: Linear Momentum and Collisions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 3.0-kg object moving 8.0 m/s in the positive x direction has a one-dimensional elastic collision with an object (mass = M)initially at rest.After the collision the object of unknown mass has a velocity of 6.0 m/s in the positive x direction.What is M?

A)7.5 kg

B)5.0 kg

C)6.0 kg

D)4.2 kg

E)8.0 kg

Q2) A 2.0-kg object moving with a velocity of 5.0 m/s in the positive x direction strikes and sticks to a 3.0-kg object moving with a speed of 2.0 m/s in the same direction.How much kinetic energy is lost in this collision?

A)2.4 J

B)9.6 J

C)5.4 J

D)0.6 J

E)6.0 J

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11

Chapter 10: Rotation of a Rigid Object About a Fixed Axis

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Sample Questions

Q1) Refer to Exhibit 10-1.What is her angular displacement (in rad)in the first 8 minutes? A)0

D)8

E)16

Q2) A thin uniform rod (length = 1.2 m,mass = 2.0 kg)is pivoted about a horizontal,frictionless pin through one end of the rod.(The moment of inertia of the rod about this axis is ML²/3. )The rod is released when it makes an angle of 37° with the horizontal.What is the angular acceleration of the rod at the instant it is released?

A)9.8 rad/s²

B)7.4 rad/s²

C)8.4 rad/s²

D)5.9 rad/s²

E)6.5 rad/s²

Q3) A uniform solid sphere rolls without slipping along a horizontal surface.What fraction of its total kinetic energy is in the form of rotational kinetic energy about the CM?

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Chapter 11: Angular Momentum

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Sample Questions

Q1) Stars originate as large bodies of slowly rotating gas.Because of gravity,these clumps of gas slowly decrease in size.The angular velocity of a star increases as it shrinks because of

A)conservation of angular momentum

B)conservation of linear momentum

C)conservation of energy

D)the law of universal gravitation

E)conservation of mass

Q2) Halley's comet moves about the sun in an elliptical orbit with its closest approach to the sun being 0.59 A.U.and its furthest distance being 35 A.U.[1 Astronomical Unit (A.U. )is the Earth-sun distance.] If the comet's speed at closest approach is 54 km/s,what is its speed when it is farthest from the sun?

Q3) Refer to Exhibit 11-1.The total angular momentum of the system of the two blocks and the pulley relative to the axis of rotation of the pulley is

A)proportional to the radius of the pulley.

B)proportional to the speed of the blocks.

C)proportional to the length of the string.

D)to all of the above.

E)only to (a)and (b)above.

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Page 13

Chapter 12: Static Equilibrium and Elasticity

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Sample Questions

Q1) Find the minimum diameter of a steel wire 18 m long that will stretch no more than 9 mm when a load of 380 kg is hung on the lower end.(Y steel = 2.0 × 10¹¹ N/m²).

Q2) John is carrying a shovelful of snow.The center of mass of the 3.00 kg of snow he is holding is 15.0 cm from the end of the shovel.He is pushing down on the opposite end of the shovel with one hand and holding it up 30.0 cm from that end with his other hand.Ignore the mass of the shovel.Sarah says that his hand pushing down on the shovel must be exerting a greater force than the hand pushing up.James says it is just the reverse.Which one,if either,is correct?

A)Sarah,because the hand pushing down must exert a greater force to match the torque exerted by the snow.

B)James,because,depending on the location of the axis of rotation,the hand pushing down can counteract the torque exerted by the snow.

C)James,because the hand pushing up must exert a force that equals the sum of the force of the hand pushing down and the weight of the snow.

D)James,because both (b)and (c)above are correct.

E)Neither,because the hands exert forces of equal magnitudes.

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Chapter 13: Universal Gravitation

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Sample Questions

Q1) Two identical planets orbit a star in concentric circular orbits in the star's equatorial plane.Of the two,the planet that is farther from the star must have

A)the smaller period.

B)the greater period.

C)the smaller gravitational mass.

D)the larger gravitational mass.

E)the larger universal gravitational constant.

Q2) Refer to Exhibit 13-1.What is the magnitude of the resultant force (caused by the other two masses)on the mass at the origin?

A)2.7 × 10 ⁸ N

B)2.1 × 10 ⁸ N

C)1.8 × 10 ⁸ N

D)2.4 × 10 ⁸ N

E)2.9 × 10 ⁸ N

Q3) The planet Venus requires 225 days to orbit the sun,which has a mass M = 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg,in an almost circular trajectory.Calculate the radius of the orbit and the orbital speed of Venus as it circles the sun.

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Page 15

Chapter 14: Fluid Mechanics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A wind of velocity 10 m/s is blowing through a wind generator with blade radius 5.00 meters.What is the maximum power output if 30.0% of the wind's energy can be extracted? _air = 1.25 kg/m³.

A)7.20 kW

B)14.7 kW

C)21.3 kW

D)29.4 kW

E)39.6 kW

Q2) Some species of whales can dive to depths of one kilometer.What is the total pressure they experience at this depth? ( _sea = 1 020 kg/m³ and 1.01 × 10⁵ N/m² = 1 ATM. )

A)9.00 ATM

B)90.0 ATM

C)100 ATM

D)111 ATM

E)130 ATM

Q3) A fountain sends a stream of water 20.0 m up into the air.If the base of the stream is 10.0 cm in diameter,what power is required to send the water to this height?

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Page 16

Chapter 15: Oscillatory Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) Simple harmonic oscillations can be modeled by the projection of circular motion at constant angular velocity onto a diameter of the circle.When this is done,the analog along the diameter of the acceleration of the particle executing simple harmonic motion is

A)the displacement from the center of the diameter of the projection of the position of the particle on the circle.

B)the projection along the diameter of the velocity of the particle on the circle.

C)the projection along the diameter of tangential acceleration of the particle on the circle.

D)the projection along the diameter of centripetal acceleration of the particle on the circle.

E)meaningful only when the particle moving in the circle also has a non-zero tangential acceleration.

Q2) The mat of a trampoline is held by 32 springs,each having a spring constant of 5 000 N/m.A person with a mass of 40.0 kg jumps from a platform 1.93 m high onto the trampoline.Determine the stretch of each of the springs.

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Chapter 16: Wave Motion

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Q1) An earthquake emits both S-waves and P-waves which travel at different speeds through the Earth.A P-wave travels at 9 000 m/s and an S-wave travels at 5 000 m/s.If P-waves are received at a seismic station 1.00 minute before an S-wave arrives,how far away is the earthquake center?

A)88.9 km

B)1 200 km

C)675 km

D)240 km

E)480 km

Q2) Bats can detect small objects such as insects that are of a size on the order of a wavelength.If bats emit a chirp at a frequency of 60 kHz and the speed of soundwaves in air is 330 m/s,what is the smallest size insect they can detect?

A)1.5 mm

B)3.5 mm

C)5.5 mm

D)7.5 mm

E)9.8 mm

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Chapter 17: Sound Waves

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Sample Questions

Q1) If a supersonic plane is flying at increasing speed as the temperature decreases,what happens to the Mach number in this instance?

A)It stays the same.

B)It increases.

C)It decreases.

D)It can do any of the above.

E)It can do either (a)or (b)but not (c).

Q2) By what factor will an intensity change when the corresponding sound level increases by 3 dB?

A)3

B)0.5

C)2

D)4

E)0.3

Q3) A microphone in the ocean is sensitive to the sounds emitted by porpoises.To produce a usable signal,sound waves striking the microphone must have an intensity of 1.02 × 10 ¹¹ W/m².If porpoises emit sounds with a power of 0.049 9 W,how far away can a porpoise be and still be heard? Disregard absorption of sound waves by the water.

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Page 19

Chapter 18: Superposition and Standing Waves

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Sample Questions

Q1) An organ pipe open at both ends is 1.5 m long.A second organ pipe that is closed at one end and open at the other is 0.75 m long.The speed of sound in the room is 330 m/s.Which of the following sets of frequencies consists of frequencies which can be produced by both pipes?

A)110 Hz,220 Hz,330 Hz

B)220 Hz,440 Hz,660 Hz

C)110 Hz,330 Hz,550 Hz

D)330 Hz,440 Hz,550 Hz

E)220 Hz,660 Hz,1 100 Hz

Q2) Find the frequencies of the first three harmonics of a 1.0-m long string which has a mass per unit length of 2.0 × 10 ³ kg/m and a tension of 80 N when both ends are fixed in place.

Q3) Which of the following wavelengths could NOT be present as a standing wave in a 2 m long organ pipe open at both ends?

A)4 m

B)2 m

C)1 m

D)0.89 m

E)0.5 m

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Page 20

Chapter 19: Temperature

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Sample Questions

Q1) Two bodies can be in thermal equilibrium with one another when they are at the same temperature even if they

A)absorb different quantities of thermal energy from their surroundings in equal time intervals.

B)have different masses.

C)have different volumes.

D)have any of the properties listed above.

E)have any of the properties listed above and one of them is contact with a third body at a different temperature.

Q2) At what temperature is the Celsius scale reading equal to twice the Fahrenheit scale reading?

A) 12.3°F

B) 24.6°F

C) 12.3°C

D) 6.1°C

E) 20°F

Q3) At what Fahrenheit temperature are the Kelvin and Fahrenheit temperatures numerically equal?

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21

Chapter 20: The First Law of Thermodynamics

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Q1) How much water at 20°C is needed to melt 1 kilogram of solid mercury at its melting point of 39°C? (The heat of fusion of mercury is 2.8 cal/gram).

Q2) A 5-g coin is dropped from a 300-m building.If it reaches a terminal velocity of 45 m/s,and the rest of the energy is converted to heating the coin,what is the change in temperature (in °C)of the coin? (The specific heat of copper is 387 J/kg °C. )

A)9

B)2

C)5

D)21

E)0.5

Q3) Two kilograms of water at 100°C is converted to steam at 1 atm.Find the change in internal energy (in J).(L_v = 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg. )

A)2.1 × 10⁴

B)4.5 × 10⁶

C)3.4 × 10⁵

D)4.2 × 10⁶

E)2.1 × 10⁶

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Chapter 21: The Kinetic Theory of Gases

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Q1) Find the specific heat (in cal/mole K)of a gas kept at constant volume when it takes 1.0 × 10⁴ J of heat to raise the temperature of 5.0 moles of the gas 200 K above the initial temperature.

A)7.5

B)5.0

C)2.4

D)10

E)20

Q2) Two tanks of gas,one of hydrogen,H₂,and one of helium,He,contain equal numbers of moles of gas.The gram-molecular mass of He is twice that of H₂.Both tanks of gas are at the same temperature,293 K.Which statement(s)below is(are)correct when we ignore vibrational motion?

A)The total internal energy of the hydrogen is the same as that of the helium.

B)The total internal energy of the hydrogen is 1.4 times that of the helium.

C)The total internal energy of the helium is 1.4 times that of the hydrogen.

D)The total internal energy of the hydrogen is 1.67 times that of the helium.

E)The total internal energy of the helium is 1.67 times that of the hydrogen.

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Chapter 22: Heat Engines, entropy, and the Second Law of

Thermodynamics

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Q1) For the same temperature increase in a system,the change in entropy, S,is largest in a reversible

A)constant volume process.

B)constant pressure process.

C)adiabatic process.

D)process in which no heat is transferred.

E)process in which no work is performed.

Q2) An automobile engine operates with an overall efficiency of 12%.How much energy is delivered as waste heat (in gallons of gasoline)for each 10 gallons of fuel burned?

A)1.2

B)8.8

C)6.5

D)4.7

E)7.5

Q3) In a nuclear power plant,the reactor produces 500°C steam that is used to power the steam turbines which generate 1 500 MW of electrical power.The cooling tower eliminates the waste heat at 50°C.If the efficiency of the plant were that of a Carnot engine,at what rate would waste heat be vented to the atmosphere?

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Chapter 23: Electric Fields

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Q1) A 40- C charge is positioned on the x axis at x = 4.0 cm.Where should a 60- C charge be placed to produce a net electric field of zero at the origin?

A) 5.3 cm

B)5.7 cm

C)4.9 cm

D) 6.0 cm

E)+6.0 cm

Q2) A point charge Q is placed at the origin.A second charge,2Q,is placed on the x axis at x = 3.0 m.If Q = 50 C,what is the magnitude of the electrostatic force on a third point charge, Q,placed on the y axis at y = +4.0 m?

A)2.5 N

B)3.0 N

C)3.7 N

D)4.4 N

E)1.8 N

Q3) An alpha particle (charge = +2e)is sent at high speed toward a gold nucleus (charge +79e).What is the electrical force acting on the alpha particle when it is at a distance of 2 × 10 ¹⁴ m away from the gold nucleus? (e = 1.6 × 10 ¹⁹ C)

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Page 25

Chapter 24: Gausss Law

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Q1) A 4.0-pC point charge is placed at the center of a hollow (inner radius = 2.0 cm,outer radius = 4.0 cm)conducting sphere which has a net charge of 4.0 pC.Determine the magnitude of the electric field at a point which is 6.0 cm from the point charge.

A)35 N/C

B)25 N/C

C)30 N/C

D)20 N/C

E)10 N/C

Q2) A point charge +Q is located on the x axis at x = a,and a second point charge Q is located on the x axis at x = a.A Gaussian surface with radius r = 2a is centered at the origin.The flux through this Gaussian surface is

A)zero because the negative flux over one hemisphere is equal to the positive flux over the other.

B)greater than zero.

C)zero because at every point on the surface the electric field has no component perpendicular to the surface.

D)zero because the electric field is zero at every point on the surface.

E)none of the above.

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Chapter 25: Electric Potential

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Q1) The Bohr model pictures a hydrogen atom in its ground state as a proton and an electron separated by the distance a₀ = 0.529 × 10 ¹⁰ m.The electric potential created by the proton at the position of the electron is

A) 13.6 V.

B)+13.6 V.

C) 27.2 V.

D)+27.2 V.

E)+5.12 × 10⁹ V.

Q2) A particle (charge = +2.0 mC)moving in a region where only electric forces act on it has a kinetic energy of 5.0 J at point A.The particle subsequently passes through point B which has an electric potential of +1.5 kV relative to point A.Determine the kinetic energy of the particle as it moves through point B.

A)3.0 J

B)2.0 J

C)5.0 J

D)8.0 J

E)10.0 J

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Chapter 26: Capacitance and Dielectrics

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Q1) A 3.0- F capacitor charged to 40 V and a 5.0- F capacitor charged to 18 V are connected to each other,with the positive plate of each connected to the negative plate of the other.What is the final charge on the 3.0- F capacitor?

A)11 C

B)15 C

C)19 C

D)26 C

E)79 C

Q2) A capacitor of unknown capacitance C is charged to 100 V and then connected across an initially uncharged 60- F capacitor.If the final potential difference across the 60- F capacitor is 40 V,determine C.

A)49 F

B)32 F

C)40 F

D)90 F

E)16 F

Q3) Is it feasible to construct an air-filled parallel-plate capacitor that has its two plates separated by 0.10 mm and has a capacitance of 1.0 F? Why or why not?

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Chapter 27: Current and Resistance

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Q1) A rod (length = 80 cm)with a rectangular cross section (1.5 mm × 2.0 mm)has a resistance of 0.20 .What is the resistivity of the material used to make the rod?

A)6.0 × 10 ⁷ m

B)3.8 × 10 ⁷ m

C)7.5 × 10 ⁷ m

D)3.0 × 10 ⁷ m

E)4.8 × 10 ⁷ m

Q2) A high-voltage transmission line carries 1 000 A at 700 kV for a distance of 100 miles.If the resistance per length in the wire is 0.5 /mile,what is the power loss due to resistive losses?

Q3) In the Drude model of electrical conduction,the current density is NOT directly proportional to

A)the average time interval between successive collisions.

B)the number of charge carriers per unit volume.

C)the square of the electron charge.

D)the electric field present in the wire.

E)the resistivity of the wire.

Q4) What is the resistance of 1 000 m of 4-mm diameter copper wire?

( _Cu = 1.7 × 10^-8 m)

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Chapter 28: Direct-Current Circuits

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Q1) A battery has an internal resistance of 4.0 .Which of the following load resistors would have the most power delivered to it when connected across the battery?

A)1.4

B)2.0

C)4.0

D)8.0

E)16

Q2) In an RC circuit,how many time constants must elapse if an initially uncharged capacitor is to reach 80% of its final potential difference?

A)2.2

B)1.9

C)1.6

D)3.0

E)5.0

Q3) What is the maximum number of 100-W lightbulbs you can connect in parallel in a 120-V home circuit without tripping the 20-A circuit breaker?

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Chapter 29: Magnetic Fields

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Q1) A charged particle (mass = M,charge = Q > 0)moves in a region of space where the magnetic field has a constant magnitude of B and a downward direction.What is the magnetic force on the particle at an instant when it is moving horizontally toward the north with speed V?

A)QVB toward the east

B)Zero

C)QVB toward the west

D)QVB upward

E)QVB toward the south

Q2) What is the radius of curvature of the path of a 3.0-keV proton in a perpendicular magnetic field of magnitude 0.80 T?

A)9.9 mm

B)1.1 cm

C)1.3 cm

D)1.4 cm

E)7.6 mm

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Chapter 30: Sources of the Magnetic Field

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Q1) A toroid is made of 2 000 turns of wire of radius 2.00 cm formed into a donut shape of inner radius 10.0 cm and outer radius 14.0 cm.When a 30.0-A current is present in the toroid,the magnetic field at a distance of 11.0 cm from the center of the toroid is

A)0.0857 T.

B)0.109 T.

C)0.120 T.

D)0.600 T.

E)0.685 T.

Q2) Two long parallel wires are separated by 2.0 cm.The current in one of the wires is three times the other current.If the magnitude of the force on a 2.0-m length of one of the wires is equal to 60 N,what is the greater of the two currents?

A)2.0 A

B)1.0 A

C)3.0 A

D)9.0 A

E)1.5 A

Q3) The magnetic field at (?3 m,0,0)is in the negative y direction.

Q4) The field at (1.0 m,0,0)is zero.

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Page 32

Chapter 31: Faradays Law

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Q1) A long solenoid has a radius of 2.0 cm and has 700 turns/m.If the current in the solenoid is decreasing at the rate of 8.0 A/s,what is the magnitude of the induced electric field at a point 2.5 cm from the axis of the solenoid?

A)56 V/m

B)8.8 V/m

C)88 V/m

D)69 V/m

E)44 V/m

Q2) A 50-turn circular coil (radius = 15 cm)with a total resistance of 4.0 is placed in a uniform magnetic field directed perpendicularly to the plane of the coil.The magnitude of this field varies with time according to B = A sin ( t),where A = 80 T and = 50 rad/s.What is the magnitude of the current induced in the coil at t = 20 ms?

A)11 mA

B)18 mA

C)14 mA

D)22 mA

E)zero

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Page 33

Chapter 32: Inductance

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Q1) A circuit contains two inductors of 6.0 mH inductance in series placed in parallel with an inductor of 8.0 mH inductance.After one of the 6.0 mH inductors burns out,the repair person wants to replace all three inductors with one inductor of equivalent inductance.Assuming inductors combine in series and parallel the same way resistors do,what inductance should she use?

A)3.0 mH

B)3.4 mH

C)4.8 mH

D)11 mH

E)20 mH

Q2) Find the magnetic energy stored in the air gap between two very large magnetic pole pieces,one North,one South,each with an area of 100 cm².Assume the 0.05 T magnetic field is uniform within the 2-cm gap.

Q3) The magnetic field in a superconducting solenoid is 3.0 T.How much energy per unit volume is stored in the solenoid,in J/m³? ₀ = 4 × 10 ⁷ T A/m

Q4) An RLC circuit has L = 250 mH,C = 0.200 F,and R = 2.00 k .What is the angular frequency of its damped oscillations?

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Page 34

Chapter 33: Alternating-Current Circuits

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Q1) Capacitive reactance X_C is given by A)1/ C

B) C

C) /C

D)C/

E)1/ ²C

Q2) In a parallel RLC circuit,where I_R = IR_,max sin( t),the current through the inductor,I_L,is

A)I_L = IL_,max sin( t).

B)I_L = IL_,max sin( t).

C)I_L = IL_,max cos( t).

D)I_L = IL_,max cos( t).

E)I_L = IL_,max tan( t).

Q3) The average power input to a series alternating current circuit is minimum when A)there are only a resistor and capacitor in the circuit.

B)there are only a resistor and inductor in the circuit.

C)there is only a resistor in the circuit.

D)X_L = X_C and the circuit contains a resistor,an inductor and a capacitor.

E)there is only a capacitor in the circuit.

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Chapter 34: Electromagnetic Waves

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Q1) What should be the height of a dipole antenna (of dimensions 1/4 wavelength)if it is to transmit 1200 kHz radiowaves?

A)11.4 m

B)60 cm

C)1.12 m

D)62.5 m

E)250 m

Q2) A possible means of spaceflight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into Earth orbit and use the light from the sun to push this solar sail.If a huge sail of area 6.00 × 10⁵ m² and mass 6000 kg were placed into orbit and turned toward the sun,what would be the force exerted on the sail? (Assume a solar intensity of 1380 W/m². )

Q3) If the radiant energy from the sun comes in as a plane EM wave of intensity 1340 W/m²,calculate the peak values of E and B.

A)300 V/m,10 ⁴ T

B)1 000 V/m,3.35 × 10 ⁶ T

C)225 V/m,1.60× 10 ³ T

D)111 V/m,3.00 × 10 ⁵ T

E)711 V/m,2.37 × 10 ⁶ T

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Page 36

Chapter 35: The Nature of Light and the Principles of Ray

Optics

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Q1) The laws of refraction and reflection are the same for sound as for light.The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s and in water it is 1510 m/s.If a sound wave approaches a plane water surface at an angle of incidence of 12.0°,what is the angle of refraction?

Q2) The index of refraction for red light in water is 1.331 and for blue light is 1.340.If a ray of white light enters the water at an angle of incidence of 83.00°,what are the underwater angles of refraction for the blue and red components of the light?

Q3) A light ray is incident on the surface of water (n = 1.33)at an angle of 60° relative to the normal to the surface.The angle of the reflected wave is

A)80°

B)40°

C)20°

D)60°

E)30°

Q4) A layer of kerosene (n = 1.45)is floating on water (n = 1.33).For what angles of incidence at the kerosene-water interface will light be totally internally reflected within the kerosene?

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Page 37

Chapter 36: Image Formation

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Q1) A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm.What is the position (in cm)of the object if the image is upright and is two times larger than the object?

A)30

B)20

C)10

D)40

E)60

Q2) An object is placed 15 cm in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of 30 cm.What is the magnification?

A)1

B)2

C)1/2

D)1/4

E) 2

Q3) A soda straw is stuck into water at an angle of 36° to the vertical.Looking straight down,what does the angle of the submerged portion of the straw to the vertical appear to be?

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38

Chapter 37: Wave Optics

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Q1) Suppose two flat glass plates 30-cm long are in contact along one end and separated by a human hair at the other end.If the diameter of the hair is 50 m,find the separation of the interference fringes when the plates are illuminated by green light, = 546 nm.

Q2) A laser beam ( = 694 nm)is incident on two slits 0.100 mm apart.Approximately how far apart (in m)will the bright interference fringes be on the screen 5.00 m from the double slits?

A)3.47 × 10 ³

B)3.47 × 10 ²

C)3.47 × 10 ⁴

D)3.47 × 10 ⁶

E)3.47 × 10 ⁵

Q3) Nonreflective coatings for camera lenses reduce the loss of light at various surfaces of multi-lens systems,as well as preventing internal reflections that might mar the image.Find the minimum thickness of a layer of magnesium fluoride (n = 1.38)on flint glass (n = 1.66)that will cause destructive interference of reflected light of wavelength = 550 nm,a wavelength which is near the middle of the visual spectrum.

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Chapter 38: Diffraction Patterns and Polarization

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Q1) What,approximately,are the dimensions of the smallest object on Earth that the astronauts can resolve by eye at 200 km height from the space shuttle? Assume = 500 nm light and a pupil diameter D = 0.50 cm.Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

A)150 m

B)100 m

C)250 m

D)25 m

E)18 m

Q2) Monochromatic light from a He-Ne laser ( = 632.8 nm)is incident on a diffraction grating containing 5000 lines/cm.Determine the angle of the first-order maximum.

A)18.4°

B)39.2°

C)14.6°

D)27.7°

E)13.9°

Q3) Light strikes a flat water surface (n = 1.333)at the Brewster angle.Calculate the angle between the reflected and the refracted ray.

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Chapter 39: Relativity

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Sample Questions

Q1) Boat 1 goes directly across a stream a distance L and back taking a time t₁.Boat 2 goes down stream a distance L and back taking a time t₂.If both boats had the same speed relative to the water,which of the following statements is true?

A)t₂ > t₁

B)t₂ < t₁

C)t₂ = t₁

D)t₂ = 2t₁

E)t₂ = 0.5t₁

Q2) The half-life of a muon is 2.2 s.How fast is it moving relative to an observer who says its half-life is 4.4 s?

A)0.87 c

B)0.75 c

C)0.97 c

D)0.72 c

E)0.50 c

Q3) Find the momentum and speed of a proton whose kinetic energy equals its rest energy.(The mass of a proton is 938.3 MeV/c²).

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Chapter 40: Introduction to Quantum Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) An electron is sitting on a pinpoint having a diameter of 2.5 m.What is the minimum uncertainty in the speed of the electron?

Q2) How much energy is in an 89.7 MHz photon of FM-radiation?

A)2.2 × 10 ³³ J

B)9.5 × 10 ²⁷ J

C)7.4 × 10 ⁴² J

D)5.9 × 10 ²⁶ J

E)3.7 × 10 ²⁵ J

Q3) A neutron has a mass of 1.67 × 10 ²⁷ kg.Its de Broglie wavelength is 1.4 × 10 ¹⁰ m.What temperature would it correspond to if we had a monatomic gas having the same average kinetic energy (in °C)?

A)273

B)25

C)36

D)309

E)51

Q4) What is the shortest x-ray wavelength that can be produced in a 12-keV x-ray machine?

Q5) What is the energy in eV of a photon of yellow light? = 500 nm.

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Chapter 41: Quantum Mechanics

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Q1) Quantum tunneling occurs in

A)nuclear fusion.

B)radioactive decay by emission of alpha particles.

C)the scanning tunneling microscope.

D)all of the above.

E)only (b)and (c)above.

Q2) The fact that we can only calculate probabilities for values of physical quantities in quantum measurements means that

A)radiation and matter are not described by mathematical relations between measurements.

B)the probabilities cannot be calculated from mathematical relationships.

C)the results of physical measurements bear no relationship to theory.

D)the average values of a large number of measurements correspond to the calculated probabilities.

E)the average of the values calculated in a large number of different theories corresponds to the results of a measurement.

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43

Chapter 42: Atomic Physics

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Q1) Suppose Bohr had chosen the potential energy of the electron in the hydrogen atom to be V = 0 when the electron is in the orbit with n = 1.He could do this by

A)choosing n = 1 for the orbit where the kinetic energy of the electron is zero.

B)adding a constant 13.6 eV to the potential energy for all values of n.

C)adding a constant 27.2 eV to the potential energy for all values of n.

D)subtracting a constant 13.6 eV from the potential energy for all values of n.

E)subtracting a constant 27.2 eV from the potential energy for all values of n.

Q2) When electrons fill a subshell in which the orbitals have equal energy,the order in which the orbitals are filled is such that

A)a minimum number of electrons has unpaired spins.

B)a minimum number of electrons has intrinsic angular momentum.

C)a maximum number of electrons has unpaired spins.

D)a maximum number of electrons first fills the next energy level.

E)the maximum number of electrons has the same set of quantum numbers.

Q3) Suppose a beam of electrons is incident on a collection of hydrogen atoms,all of which are in the lowest energy state (n = 1).What is the minimum energy the electrons can have if they are to excite the hydrogen atoms into the n = 2 state?

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Chapter 43: Molecules and Solids

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Q1) The difference between donor and acceptor atoms in a doped semiconductor is that

A)the donor energy level lies halfway between the valence band and the acceptor level.

B)the donor energy level lies near the valence band and the acceptor energy level lies near the conduction band.

C)donor energy levels cannot exist unless acceptor energy levels are present.

D)the donor energy level lies near the conduction band and the acceptor energy level lies near the valence band.

E)the acceptor energy level lies halfway between the conduction band and the donor energy level.

Q2) Solid argon has a density of 1650 kg/m³.The atomic weight of argon is 40.0.Assuming each atom occupies a cubical volume,what is the distance between the argon atoms?

Q3) The smallest object one can distinguish using the electron microscope is on the order of one nanometer (1 nm = 10 ⁹ m).How many atoms of gold are contained in a cube whose edge is 1 nm long? The atomic mass of gold is 197 and its density is 19.3 g/cm³.

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Chapter 44: Nuclear Structure

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Q1) Heavy nuclei are unstable because

A)each nucleon is a separate particle that is not acted on by the nuclear force.

B)there are not enough protons present relative to the number of neutrons for the electrical force to be strong enough.

C)the nuclear force dominates the Coulomb repulsive force at distances less than 2 fm,but falls off rapidly at greater distances.

D)nuclei are stable only when the number of neutrons equals the number of protons.

E)nuclei are stable only when the number of protons exceeds the number of neutrons.

Q2) The reaction energy associated with a nuclear reaction is

A)the total change in rest energy as a result of the reaction.

B)equivalent to the disintegration energy.

C)the minimum energy necessary for such a reaction to occur.

D)called the threshold energy.

E)the binding energy of the nucleons.

Q3) The half-life of ¹³¹I is 8 days.On a certain day,the activity of an ¹³¹I sample is 6.4 mCi.What is its activity 40 days later?

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46

Chapter 45: Applications of Nuclear Physics

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Q1) A thermal neutron has an energy (in eV)on the order of A)40

B)0.4

C)4

D)0.04

E)400

Q2) When a fast neutron collides with a hydrogen or deuterium nucleus,the most likely result is that

A)the neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic energy,the gain being greatest for head-on collisions.

B)the neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic energy,the gain being greatest for oblique collisions.

C)the neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic energy,the loss being greatest for head-on collisions.

D)the neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic energy,the loss being greatest for oblique collisions.

E)the neutron is absorbed by the hydrogen or deuterium nucleus.

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Page 47

Chapter 46: Particle Physics and Cosmology

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Q1) Name at least one conservation law that prevents each of the following reactions:

A)  + p ⁺ + °

B)p ⁺ + ⁺ + 

Q2) The acceleration (or deceleration)of the expansion of the universe is determined by

A)the standard matter,baryons and leptons.

B)the dark matter in the universe.

C)the dark energy in the universe.

D)all of the above.

E)only (b)and (c)above.

Q3) If a K⁰ meson at rest decays in 0.89 × 10 ¹⁰ s,how far will a K⁰ meson moving at 0.96 c travel through a bubble chamber?

A)17 cm

B)1.1 cm

C)53 cm

D)42 mm

E)9.2 cm

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