Physical Therapy Fundamentals
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Physical Therapy Fundamentals provides an introduction to the basic concepts, principles, and practices of physical therapy. The course covers the anatomy and physiology relevant to movement and function, explores various assessment techniques, and introduces common therapeutic interventions for restoring mobility, strength, balance, and function. Students gain insight into the roles and responsibilities of physical therapists, ethical considerations, patient communication, and safety precautions. Through lectures, demonstrations, and practical exercises, learners develop foundational skills necessary for advancing in the field of physical therapy.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 5th Edition by Lynn S. Lippert PT MS
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22 Chapters
359 Verified Questions
359 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Information
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Turning your head to look over your left shoulder involves cervical
A) left rotation.
B) right rotation.
C) left lateral bend.
D) right lateral bend.
Answer: A
Q2) When the scapula moves into a protracted position,they move in what direction in relation to the spine?
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Medial
D) Lateral
Answer: D
Q3) The fibula is on which side of the lower leg?
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Proximal
D) Distal
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Skeletal System
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A bone marking that consists of a rounded anterior projection is called a A) foramen.
B) crest.
C) head.
D) fossa.
Answer: C
Q2) A bone marking that consists of a hollow or depression is called a A) foramen.
B) crest.
C) head.
D) fossa.
Answer: D
Q3) A skeletal pathology characterized by pain in the knee area due to issues with traction epiphysis is which of the following?
A) Osgood-Schlatter disease
B) Slipped femoral capital epiphysis
C) Osteoporosis
D) Osteomyelitis
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Articular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hip medial rotation occurs in which plane and around which axis?
A) Transverse plane through a vertical axis
B) Sagittal plane through a frontal axis
C) Frontal plane through a sagittal axis
D) None of the above
Answer: A
Q2) A biaxial joint allows motion in how many directions?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) None of the above
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of a ligament?
A) They provide support to a joint.
B) They can serve as an attachment for cartilage.
C) They can serve as an attachment for fascia.
D) All of the above are true of a ligament.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Arthrokinematics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of end feel that is defined by a lack of normal mechanical limitation of joint ROM is
A) capsular.
B) soft.
C) empty.
D) bony.
Q2) The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by linear movement of a joint surface parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface is which of the following?
A) Roll
B) Spin
C) Glide
D) Shear
Q3) The intervention of joint mobilization is best performed in the close-packed position at any given joint.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of an eccentric contraction?
A) Contraction produces a greater force than a concentric contraction.
B) Contraction is used as an acceleration activity.
C) Muscle attachments move farther apart.
D) Movement occurs with gravity.
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement regarding oblique muscle fibers?
A) Oblique muscle fibers tend to be longer than parallel fibers,thus having more strength potential than parallel fibers.
B) Oblique muscle fibers tend to be longer than parallel fibers,thus having less strength potential than parallel fibers.
C) Oblique muscle fibers tend to be shorter than parallel fibers,thus having more strength potential than parallel fibers.
D) Oblique muscle fibers tend to be shorter than parallel fibers,thus having less strength potential than parallel fibers.
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Chapter 6: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person experiencing "foot drop" has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
Q2) Sensory impulses from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)enter the cord through the anterior horn.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person experiencing "ape hand" has damage to which of the following nerves?
A) Radial nerve
B) Median nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Common peroneal nerve
Q4) The "stress-response" and stimulation part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)is the sympathetic nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Circulatory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outermost layer of a blood vessel is made up of which type of tissue?
A) Endothelium
B) Smooth muscle
C) Elastic fiber
D) Connective tissue
Q2) A cardiac pathology characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood and leading to fluid congestion in tissues of the body is which of the following?
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Heart murmur
Q3) The main branch artery that supplies blood to the knee is which of the following?
A) External iliac
B) Femoral
C) Posterior tibial
D) Popliteal
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Chapter 8: Basic Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most concentric exercises done in the body are considered to be which type of lever?
A) First class
B) Second class
C) Third class
D) Fourth class
Q2) In order to decrease the challenge of a client working on balance,you would do which of the following?
A) Raise the center of gravity and increase the base of support
B) Raise the center of gravity and decrease the base of support
C) Lower the center of gravity and increase the base of support
D) Lower the center of gravity and decrease the base of support
Q3) You are working with a client to regain function after shoulder surgery.Now you want to focus on exercises to increase power.You would choose which of the following exercises?
A) Concentric strengthening
B) Eccentric strengthening
C) Stretches
D) It doesn't matter; any of the above will help increase power.
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10
Chapter 9: Shoulder Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The upper trapezius,serratus anterior,and lower trapezius have which of the following actions in common?
A) Retraction of the scapula
B) Protraction of the scapula
C) Downward rotation of the scapula
D) Upward rotation of the scapula
Q2) Weakness of the rhomboid muscles could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A) Cranial nerve XI
B) Dorsal scapular nerve
C) Long thoracic nerve
D) Medial pectoral nerve
Q3) A person experiencing pain on the superior lateral aspect of the scapula may have pathology involving which of the following structures?
A) Acromion process
B) Glenoid fossa
C) Coracoid process
D) Deltoid tubercle
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11
Chapter 10: Shoulder Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following can contribute to joint subluxation of the glenohumeral joint EXCEPT
A) weight of the upper extremity.
B) gravity.
C) shallow glenoid fossa.
D) strong lateral capsular ligaments.
Q2) Which muscle originates on the medial one-third of the clavicle and inserts on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove?
A) Anterior deltoid
B) Supraspinatus
C) Pectoralis major,clavicular portion
D) Coracobrachialis
Q3) Which muscle originates on the anterior surface of the scapula and inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
A) Teres major
B) Teres minor
C) Subscapularis
D) Serratus anterior
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12
Chapter 11: Elbow Joint
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22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The triceps is responsible for which of the following actions?
A) Elbow flexion and forearm supination
B) Forearm supination
C) Elbow extension
D) Elbow extension and wrist radial deviation
Q2) Which ligament spans the elbow longitudinally (long ways)on the little finger side of the elbow?
A) Lateral collateral ligament
B) Annular ligament
C) Medial collateral ligament
D) Proximal radioulnar ligament
Q3) Measured from the position of the forearm in neutral or midposition,which of the following is true regarding normal ROM for pronation and supination?
A) There is more supination than pronation.
B) There is more pronation than supination.
C) There are equal amounts of available pronation and supination.
D) It depends on how much elbow extension the arm is placed in to measure the motion.
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13
Chapter 12: Wrist Joint
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which wrist muscle is the direct antagonist of the palmaris longus?
A) Flexor carpi ulnaris
B) Extensor carpi ulnaris
C) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
D) Pronator quadratus
Q2) Which muscle originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the base of the second metacarpal?
A) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
B) Flexor digitorum profundus
C) Flexor carpi radialis
D) Extensor digitorum
Q3) The flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris are agonists in which of the following motions?
A) Flexion
B) Ulnar deviation
C) Radial deviation
D) A and C
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14
Chapter 13: Hand
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with inflammation in the carpal tunnel could have weakness in any of the following muscles EXCEPT the
A) extensor digitorum.
B) flexor digitorum superficialis.
C) flexor digitorum profundus.
D) abductor pollicis brevis.
Q2) Which bony arch is formed by the heads of the metacarpals?
A) Lumbrical arch
B) Proximal carpal arch
C) Distal carpal arch
D) Longitudinal arch
Q3) Which type of grip is used to grasp a plate?
A) Lumbrical grip
B) Pincer grip
C) Cylindrical grip
D) Spherical grip
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Chapter 14: Temporomandibular Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the temporal fossa and inserts on the coronoid process and ramus of the mandible?
A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Medial pterygoid
D) Lateral pterygoid
Q2) Protraction is primarily achieved by which of the following muscles?
A) Lateral pterygoid
B) Medial pterygoid
C) Masseter
D) A and B
Q3) Which muscle originates on the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid and tuberosity of the maxilla and inserts on the ramus and angle of the mandible?
A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Medial pterygoid
D) Lateral pterygoid
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Chapter 15: Neck and Trunk
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22 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the best instruction to most effectively stretch the left sternocleidomastoid muscle?
A) Flex and laterally bend to the right; rotate to the left side
B) Flex and laterally bend to the right; rotate to the right side
C) Flex and laterally bend to the left; rotate to the left side
D) Flex and laterally bend to the left; rotate to the right side
Q2) The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in which of the following trunk motions?
A) Trunk flexion
B) Compression of abdominal contents
C) Trunk extension
D) Lateral bending
Q3) Which of the following is the best position to achieve eccentric strengthening of the trunk extensors?
A) Supine,curl up with focus on the "up" part of the exercise
B) Supine,curl up with focus on the "down" part of the exercise
C) Prone,raise head and shoulders with focus on the "up" part of the exercise
D) Prone,raise head and shoulders with focus on the "down" part of the exercise
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Chapter 16: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients in hospitals will often use an instrument called an incentive spirometer to assist in fully expanding the lungs after surgery or prolonged bedrest.This has the patient focus on deep inspiration and activates all of the following muscles EXCEPT the A) diaphragm.
B) external intercostals.
C) scalenes.
D) rectus abdominis.
Q2) Quiet inspiration requires the use of which of the following?
A) Internal intercostals
B) External intercostals
C) Gravity
D) Recoil of the diaphragm
Q3) Which muscle originates on the xiphoid process,the ribs,and the lumbar vertebra and inserts on the central tendon?
A) Internal intercostals
B) External intercostals
C) Diaphragm
D) Pectoralis major
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18
Chapter 17: Pelvic Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) A lateral tilt (unsupported side)of the pelvis results in which of the following motions of the vertebral column?
A) Flexion
B) Hyperextension
C) Lateral bend to the opposite side
D) Lateral bend to the same side
Q2) The rotation of the pelvis when the left foot begins the swing phase in gait is
A) anterior left rotation.
B) posterior left rotation.
C) anterior right rotation.
D) posterior right rotation.
Q3) A person with tight hamstrings will likely adopt which of the following compensatory postures?
A) Posterior tilt of pelvis and flattened lumbar curve
B) Anterior tilt of pelvis and lumbar curve hyperextension
C) Posterior tilt of pelvis and lumbar curve hyperextension
D) Anterior tilt of pelvis and flattened lumbar curve
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Chapter 18: Hip Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient has been in bed for months and has developed lateral hip rotator contractures.The muscles you need to strengthen to improve hip alignment are the A) gluteus minimus.
B) gluteus medius.
C) deep rotators.
D) gluteus maximus.
Q2) Which muscle originates on the pubis and inserts on the medial proximal tibia?
A) Adductor longus
B) Rectus femoris
C) Adductor brevis
D) Gracilis
Q3) The BEST position to stretch the tensor fascia latae muscle is which of the following?
A) Hip flexion
B) Hip extension
C) Hip adduction and extension
D) Hip abduction and extension
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Chapter 19: Knee Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lying supine,instruct your client to move the right leg toward the ceiling,keeping the right knee straight.What type of contraction is occurring with the right quadriceps muscles?
A) Isokinetic
B) Isometric
C) Concentric
D) Eccentric
Q2) The ligaments that provide medial and lateral stability at the knee are called
A) cruciates.
B) menisci.
C) deltoid and lateral ligaments.
D) collaterals.
Q3) Which muscles are prime movers in knee extension?
A) Rectus femoris,vastus medialis,vastus lateralis
B) Biceps femoris,semitendinosus,semimembranosus
C) Vastus medialis,plantaris,vastus intermedialis
D) Semitendinosus,gluteus maximus,semimembranosus
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Chapter 20: Ankle Joint and Foot
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Sample Questions
Q1) The supporting ligament on the medial side of the ankle joint is called the A) spring ligament.
B) deltoid ligament.
C) lateral ligament.
D) plantar aponeurosis.
Q2) Your patient has suffered a sprain to the deltoid ligament,and you are asked to strengthen muscles on the same side of the ankle.Which of the following exercises would best achieve this?
A) Seated with cuff weight around dorsum of foot,evert foot
B) Seated with cuff weight around dorsum of foot,invert foot
C) Seated with cuff weight around dorsum of foot,dorsiflex foot
D) Seated with cuff weight around dorsum of foot,plantarflex foot
Q3) If a patient has damage to the nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the lower leg,you would expect to focus efforts on strengthening which group of muscles?
A) Ankle evertors
B) Ankle plantar flexors
C) Toe flexors
D) Ankle dorsiflexors
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22
Chapter 21: Posture
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Sample Questions
Q1) For optimal lateral view standing posture,a plumb line should be aligned with all of the following landmarks except
A) through the earlobe.
B) through the acromion process of the shoulder.
C) the anterior to the greater trochanter.
D) the posterior to the patella.
Q2) The pelvis is considered to be in a neutral position when which of the following landmarks are in the same plane?
A) The anterior inferior iliac spines and posterior inferior iliac spines are level
B) The anterior superior iliac spines and posterior superior iliac spines are level
C) The anterior superior iliac spines and symphysis pubis are in the same vertical plane
D) B and C
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23
Chapter 22: Gait
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Sample Questions
Q1) You measure a person's leg lengths and note that there is a difference of <sup>3</sup>/<sub>4</sub> inch.You inform your patient that this is an atypical finding.What would be a typical range for leg length discrepancy?
A) (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>8</sub>) inch or less
B) (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub>) inch or less
C) (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>) inch or less
D) Typical is the legs being exactly the same length
Q2) During the loading response of the stance phase,which muscle group contracts eccentrically to keep the foot from slapping the ground as that extremity accepts the body's weight?
A) Knee extensors
B) Ankle dorsiflexors
C) Ankle plantar flexors
D) Toe flexors
Q3) A normal width of walking base measured from the midpoint of each heel is A)( <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> inch).
B) 1 inch.
C) 3 inches.
D) 6 inches.
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Page 24