Physical Therapy Anatomy and Physiology
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive exploration of human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on their application in physical therapy. Students will study the structure and function of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems, focusing on how these systems interrelate during movement and rehabilitation. Through a combination of lectures, laboratory work, and clinical case discussions, learners will gain foundational knowledge needed to assess, diagnose, and design effective therapy interventions. By the end of the course, students will be equipped to apply anatomical and physiological principles to optimize patient outcomes in physical therapy settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb
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16 Chapters
2217 Verified Questions
2217 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33022
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?
A) making a section through the kidney to observe its interior
B) examining the surface of a bone
C) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
D) studying how the layers of the skin are organized
E) observing how the heart contracts to pump blood
Answer: E
Q2) Picks up fluids leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
A)digestive system
B)integumentary system
C)lymphatic system
D)muscular system
E)endocrine system
F)urinary system
Answer: C
Q3) The regional term pedal refers to the foot.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________.
A) anion
B) molecule
C) isotope
D) cation
E) neutral atom
Answer: D
Q2) Atoms that have lost or gained electrons during chemical bonding are known as isotopes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Amino acids join together to form proteins.
A)Synthesis reaction
B)Decomposition reaction
C)Exchange reaction
Answer: A
Q4) Explain how potential energy differs from kinetic energy.
Answer: When energy is doing work, it is referred to as kinetic energy. However, when energy is active or stored, we call it potential energy.
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Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
A) The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines function.
B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
C) Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
D) The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities.
E) The continuity of life has a cellular basis.
Answer: B
Q2) Describe the classification and naming scheme for epithelial tissues.
Answer: Epithelial tissues are named based on two features: the number of cell layers and the predominant cell shape. If the epithelial tissue has one layer, it is called a simple tissue. Two or more layers qualifies the tissue as stratified. Cells can be flat in shape (squamous), cube-shaped (cuboidal), or brick-shaped (columnar). The viewer should look toward the apical surface for the most mature cells in the tissue for the cell shape. When naming the epithelial tissue, place the number of cell layers first (such as simple) followed by the cell shape (such as squamous).
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Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membranes
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dandruff
A)burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
B)infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
C)cancer of stratum spinosum cells
D)cancer of melanocytes
E)dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
F)virus that produces cold sores
G)inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
H)full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
I)skin inflammation
J)malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
K)staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
Q2) The pigments that contribute to skin color are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain how the skin functions to protect deeper tissues from microbe damage.
Q4) List and describe the three types of epithelial membranes.
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Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The last two pairs of ribs are called True ribs because they have no attachments to the sternum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?
A) femur
B) patella
C) fibula
D) sacrum
E) tibia
Q3) Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception.
A) humerus
B) radius
C) scapula
D) fibula
E) clavicle
Q4) If 6-year-old Sarah fell and broke her femur, damaging the proximal epiphyseal plate, what might she expect as she grows older? What is an epiphyseal plate and why is it significant to this situation?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/33027
Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of muscle tissue contracts most quickly upon stimulation?
A) skeletal
B) visceral
C) cardiac
D) smooth
E) tendons
Q2) Explain what meaning is inferred in the muscle name rectus femoris.
Q3) Which of these muscles is located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body?
A) pectoralis major
B) occipitalis
C) gastrocnemius
D) gluteus medius
E) latissimus dorsi
Q4) What organelle wraps and surrounds the myofibril and stores calcium?
A) cross bridge
B) sarcomere
C) sarcolemma
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum
Q5) Discuss the importance of calcium ions in skeletal muscle contraction.
Q6) Explain how muscle movements mature in a baby, using examples of each.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?
A) satellite cells
B) ependymal cells
C) Schwann cells
D) microglial cells
Q2) In which cerebral lobe is the primary somaticsensory cortex located?
A) parietal
B) frontal
C) temporal
D) occipital
Q3) The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.
A) dura
B) arachnoid
C) periosteal
D) pia
Q4) The central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and explain the three general functions of the nervous system
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Special Senses
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What region of the retina lacks photoreceptor cells?
A) sclera
B) optic disc (blind spot)
C) choroid
D) iris
Q2) Inflammation of the conjunctiva
A)conjunctivitis
B)presbyopia
C)color blindness
D)strabismus
E)myopia
F)glaucoma
Q3) The five taste sensations are ________.
A) sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
B) sweet, sour, bitter, pasty, gritty
C) sweet, sour, chewy, gritty, greasy
D) sweet, salty, spicy, bitter, gritty
Q4) We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The target of prolactin is the female breast.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Thyroxine is produced by the follicles of the thyroid gland.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?
A) steroid hormone
B) amine hormone
C) prostaglandin
D) protein hormone
E) peptide hormone
Q4) The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by
A) Label I
B) Label A
C) Label D
D) Label E
E) Label J
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Chapter 10: Blood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which ions are essential for blood clotting to occur?
A) sodium
B) calcium
C) iodine
D) potassium
E) hydrogen
Q2) Cell fragments that form from the rupture of a megakaryocyte
A)leukocyte
B)erythrocyte
C)platelet
Q3) Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh women carrying an Rh baby.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The granulocytes are indicated by ________ and ________.
A) Label A; Label C
B) Label B; Label A
C) Label C; Label D
D) Label D; Label B
Q5) Discuss why Martina, who has blood type A, cannot receive blood type B during a transfusion.
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trace the path of a drop of blood, starting at the right atrium and returning to the right atrium, through the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system. Identify the chambers, valves, and vessels (except specific systemic blood vessels that are not directly associated with the heart), and indicate whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated in each area.
Q2) Atrioventricular (AV) valves shut as pressure in the heart rises
A)ventricular diastole
B)ventricular systole
Q3) Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the
A) pericardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) myocardium
Q5) Blood is ejected from the ventricles through the pulmonary trunk and aorta
A)ventricular diastole
B)ventricular systole
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The final disposal of cell debris as inflammation subsides is performed by neutrophils.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages to raise the body's temperature
A)keratin
B)perforins
C)interferon
D)antibody
E)pyrogen
F)cytokines
G)antigen
Q3) The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.
A) thymus
B) spleen
C) tonsils
D) lymph node
Q4) Contrast the primary humoral response with the secondary humoral response.
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the ________.
A) mediastinum
B) visceral pleura
C) parietal pleura
D) main (primary) bronchi
E) pleurisy
Q2) Alveolar macrophages patrol the alveoli to engulf and remove bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa in the nasal cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the nasal conchae.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lacy apron of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs is called the lesser omentum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What does the enterogastric reflex accomplish?
A) increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice
B) stimulates the release of gastric juices
C) slows the emptying of the stomach contents
D) stimulates gallbladder to contract and expel bile
E) stimulates emptying of the stomach contents
Q3) The hormone responsible for promoting the release of pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach is called ________.
A) insulin
B) cholecystokinin (CCK)
C) gastrin
D) secretin
Q4) Predict the effect on digestion if the pancreas is unable to make and release pancreatic juices.
Q5) Describe the four layers of the GI tract.
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Chapter 15: The Urinary System
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which blood vessel directly feeds the glomerulus with blood from the cortical radiate artery?
A) peritubular capillary
B) efferent arteriole
C) renal vein
D) afferent arteriole
Q2) The glomerulus is indicated by ________.
A) Label F
B) Label I
C) Label K
D) Label O
E) Label M
Q3) Tubular secretion moves items from the blood of the peritubular capillaries to the filtrate for elimination in the urine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the normal characteristics of freshly-voided urine in a healthy adult.
Q5) Substances such as potassium, urea, and creatinine are moved from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate to be eliminated in urine
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Chapter 16: The Reproductive System
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Causes secondary sex characteristics in a young woman
A)progesterone
B)luteinizing hormone (LH)
C)estrogens
D)follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
E)human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
F)relaxin
G)testosterone
H)oxytocin
Q2) Days 6-14 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as the ________ phase. This phase concludes with ovulation.
A) secretory
B) luteal
C) proliferative
D) menstrual
Q3) The fundus of the uterus protrudes into the vagina.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the process of spermatogenesis.
Q5) List and describe the three stages of labor.
Page 18
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