Physical Sciences for Educators
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Physical Sciences for Educators offers a foundational exploration of core concepts in physics and chemistry designed specifically for future teachers. The course emphasizes inquiry-based learning and hands-on activities to illuminate topics such as motion, energy, forces, properties of matter, chemical reactions, and the nature of scientific inquiry. Pedagogical strategies are integrated throughout, equipping educators with tools to effectively convey physical science principles to students of varying ages. Attention is given to aligning lessons with curriculum standards, fostering scientific literacy, and promoting critical thinking in the classroom.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Physical Geography 3rd Edition by Alan F. Arbogast
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physical Geography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the Earth's four spheres,how would you describe the lithosphere?
Answer: The lithosphere is the solid part of the Earth encompassing the outer 100 km (~62 mi)of the Earth.It includes the soil and minerals.This sphere provides the habitat and nutrients for many life-forms.
Q2) The two questions that are fundamental to most geographers are where and how. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Who monitors the gaging stations in the United States?
A) U.S. Geological Survey
B) U.S. Forest Service
C) U.S. Department of the Transportation
D) U.S. Department of Parks and Recreation
E) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Answer: A
Q4) The lithosphere is the living portion of the Earth.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 2: The Geographers Tools
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Sample Questions
Q1) As you move away from the Equator,your latitude decreases.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The GPS is accurate to within inches with a common hand-held receiver.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) A geostationary orbit is basically east-west.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) A latitude of 65º lies in which latitude zone?
A) Arctic latitudes
B) Subarctic latitudes
C) Midlatitudes
D) Subtropical latitudes
E) Equatorial/Tropical latitudes
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Earth-Sun Geometry and the Seasons
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Sample Questions
Q1) The universe we live in is about
A) 14 trillion years old.
B) 14 billion years old.
C) 14 million years old.
D) 14 thousand years old.
E) 14 hundred years old.
Answer: B
Q2) As the Earth revolves around the Sun,it moves in a clockwise direction relative to a view above the North Pole on the plane of the ecliptic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The Earth is broken into 24 time zones,with each time zone being exactly 15º wide. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Global Energy System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The waves of electromagnetic energy that the Sun radiates to the Earth come in various sizes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Reflectance of an object is known as
A) albedo.
B) angle of incidence.
C) solar radiation.
D) specific heat.
Q3) Of all of the solar radiation entering the atmosphere,about 7% is reflected down to Earth as indirect radiation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The electromagnetic spectrum is just a portion of the wavelength range of electromagnetic energy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why is the sky blue during the day,red at sunrise and sunset,and black at night?
Q6) Describe both the positive and negative aspects of the greenhouse effect.
Q7) List and define the three mechanisms of heat transfer.
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Chapter 5: Global Temperature Patterns
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Sample Questions
Q1) In this layer of the atmosphere solar radiation reduces gas molecules to individual electrically charged particles called ions.
A) stratopause
B) mesosphere
C) troposphere
D) thermosphere
E) stratosphere
Q2) The standard altitude at which air temperature is measured is 4.2 meters.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The temperature in the thermosphere can reach more than 1800°F.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The concentration of ozone in this part of the atmosphere is about 10 parts per million by volume.
A) stratopause
B) mesosphere
C) troposphere
D) thermosphere
E) stratosphere
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, wind, and Global
Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A band of easterly winds that exist where northern and southern trade winds converge is called the
A) equatorial trough
B) Intertropical Convergence Zone
C) trade winds
D) tropical easterlies
E) Hadley cell
Q2) What is a monsoon,and where are monsoons found?
Q3) A low-pressure system is often associated with ____[1]_____ because ____[2]_____ and can hold less moisture.
Answer 1 Choices:
fair weather
storm weather
Answer 2 Choices:
descending air cools
rising air cools
rising air warms up
Q4) What are the defining characteristics of a low-pressure system?
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Q5) A low-pressure system is often associated with ____[1]_____ because ____[2]_____ and holds little moisture.
Chapter 7: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dry adiabatic lapse rate is 10 °C per 1000 m of elevation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why are the wet and dry adiabatic lapse rates different?
Q3) The dry adiabatic lapse rate applies to both rising and descending air.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How much energy per gram is absorbed as latent energy when liquid water evaporates?
A) 80 calories
B) 100 calories
C) 680 calories
D) 600 calories
Q5) If there is precipitation,the cloud type will have a form of "nimbus" in its name.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The wet adiabatic lapse rate applies to both rising and descending air.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Air Masses and Cyclonic Weather Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Select all of the following statements that are true about hurricanes.
A) The projected path of a hurricane is called the thalweg.
B) A storm surge is the rise in sea level associated with the low pressure of the hurricane on the water and the winds pushing water onshore.
C) Another name for the path of a hurricane is its track.
D) The sinking air in the center of a hurricane is the eye.
E) The storm surge is typically the highest in the front right quadrant of the hurricane.
Q2) From largest diameter to smallest diameter,the storms are
A) tornado, hurricane, midlatitude cyclone.
B) midlatitude cyclone, tornado, hurricane.
C) midlatitude cyclone, hurricane, tornado.
D) hurricane, midlatitude cyclone, tornado.
E) hurricane, tornado, midlatitude cyclone.
Q3) Supercell thunderstorms can produce tornadoes due to large rotating updrafts called
A) mesocyclones.
B) Doppler shift.
C) microcyclones.
D) macrocyclones.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Global Climates and Global Climate Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) "We have had an inch of rain this week," is a statement about climate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the average periodicity of the orbital eccentricity in the Milankovitch theory?
A) around 16,000 years
B) around 23, 000 years
C) around 41,000 years
D) around 95,000 years
Q3) The tundra climate,designated as ET,is noted for losing the largest amount of its solar radiation by reflection.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The C climates are microthermal,and the D climates are mesothermal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Palynologists study prehistoric climate change by dating tree rings,and paleoclimatologists study pollen.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Plant Geography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arguably,the biggest enemy to the redwood trees is
A) tornadoes.
B) flooding and tsunamis.
C) wildfire.
D) humans.
E) insect pests.
Q2) The greatest biomass and species diversity is in the
A) tropical deciduous forest and scrub.
B) tropical savanna.
C) tropical rainforest.
D) midlatitude deciduous forest.
E) boreal forest.
Q3) The biome BEST associated with Kansas,northeastern Argentina,eastern Turkey,and central Kazakhstan is
A) semi-arid and cold desert.
B) tundra.
C) boreal forest.
D) midlatitude grassland.
E) Mediterranean woodland and shrub.
Q4) Along with orange,the color plants generally reflect is __________.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Global Distribution and Character of Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Soils that are very weakly developed and have no distinct horizons are
A) aridisols.
B) andisols.
C) inceptisols.
D) gelisols.
E) entisols.
Q2) In a soil-water budget,surplus soil water accumulates when evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A regional soil-forming process in cool,humid environments that results from the eluviation if iron,aluminum,and organic acids to form well-developed E and Bs horizons is
A) laterization.
B) podzolization.
C) calcification.
D) gleization.
E) salinization.
Q4) The soil order BEST associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire,Hawaii,and active volcanoes is __________.
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Chapter 12: Earth S Internal Structure, rock Cycle, and Geologic Time
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even though the temperatures inside the Earth are high enough to melt the materials,they can be solid because of the tremendously high pressures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The solid iron and nickel inside the Earth forms its
A) inner core.
B) outer core.
C) lower mantle.
D) upper mantle.
E) asthenosphere. .
Q3) The location where the Colorado River has downcut through the layers of rock exposing rocks that span much of Earth history is the __________.
Q4) Magma that pools between rock layers and pushes the overlying layers up is a A) laccolith.
B) batholith.
C) sill.
D) dike.
E) stock.
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Q5) The Hadean,Archean,and Proterozoic comprise the time referred to as
Chapter 13: Tectonic Processes and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of boundary formed by two plates sliding horizontally past each other is
Q2) The Pacific Ring of Fire includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Vesuvius
B) Mount Ruapehu
C) Mount Capulin
D) Kliuchevskoi
E) Cotapaxi
Q3) The center of the Atlantic Ocean is young.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The National Park that is a continental hotspot is __________.
Q5) The seismic waves that shake the ground in a vertical fashion are
A) primary waves.
B) secondary waves.
C) Mercalli waves.
D) Richter waves.
E) Wegener waves.
Q6) The largest of the types of volcanic cones is the __________.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Weathering and Mass Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding mass movement?
A) Areas with permafrost are closely associated with mudflows.
B) Solifluction is best associated with tundra climate.
C) Lobes of soil gradually moving downslope due to freeze-thaw processes is an example of solifluction.
D) The instantaneous movement of soil and bedrock down a steep slope along a plane in response to gravity triggered by an event such as an earthquake is best called a landslide.
E) Debris slides typically occur very slowly and can cause trees to gradually curve.
Q2) Salt is an important weathering agent.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A rockfall occurs when a rock dislodges from a cliff and falls by the pull of gravity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Heavy rains can induce a landslide.
A)True
B)False
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16
Chapter 15: Groundwater and Karst Landscapes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karst topography is the result of impermeable rocks not changing under the influence of water.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the San Joaquin Valley of California,groundwater removal has caused the ground to ________ as much as 16 feet over a 35-year period.
A) move south B) raise up C) subside
D) build upward E) erode
Q3) Rocks with high carbonate content dissolve through the process of carbonation. A)True B)False
Q4) Describe the stages of soil water and what influences these stages.
Q5) What is the difference between an aquifer and an artesian well?
Q6) What process is associated with cave formation,and what type of rock feature needs to be present?
Q7) Through which processes do caves form stalactites or stalagmites?
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Chapter 16: Fluvial Systems and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dissolved load consists of mineral ions carried in solution and are invisible during transport.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An area of raised land that forms a separating rim between two adjacent drainage basins is called a drainage basin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A rapid or waterfall is known as a
A) longitudinal profile.
B) base level.
C) cutbank.
D) knickpoint
E) graded stream.
Q4) A meandering stream is considered active if there are well-developed oxbow lakes and meander scars.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the three stages associated with the formation of an oxbow lake?
Page 18
Q6) Describe the evolution of a graded stream associated with a valley.
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Chapter 17: Glacial Geomorphology: Processes and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and define the three types of glaciers commonly associated with alpine glaciers.
Q2) The ______________ is the part of the soil that melts and freezes on a daily or seasonal basis.
A) periglacial process
B) permafrost
C) ground thaw
D) active layer
E) ice variability
Q3) How many basic kinds of ice masses occur in mountainous areas?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five
Q4) Currently,ice covers 30% of the Earth's surface.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the process of converting snow to glacial ice.
Q6) What are some of the forms of ground ice?
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Chapter 18: Arid Landscapes and Eolian Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Desertification that occurred in the United States during the 1930s is known as the A) desertification era.
B) great depression.
C) Dust Bowl.
D) dry period.
E) eolian epoch.
Q2) The backslope angle commonly falls between 10° and ____°.
A) 5
B) 15
C) 10
D) 30
E) 17
Q3) The windward side of a dune is also called the A) crest.
B) leeward.
C) slip face.
D) backslope.
Q4) How can desertification be reversed?
Q5) What were the causes of desertification in the Sahel region of Africa?
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Chapter 19: Coastal Processes and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Retrogradation is the process of the shoreline retreating through deposition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _________ tides will have the highest high tides.
A) Neat
B) Spring
C) Fall
D) Neap
E) Indirect
Q3) The lowest of high tides are a result of neap tides.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Longshore current is the current that develops parallel to the coast when waves approach at an oblique angle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Littoral processes transport sediment along the shore zone.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain what tides are and what they are influenced by.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Population Growth and Environmental Impacts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did the Ancient Sumerians switch from growing wheat to barley around 2500 B.C.?
A) Wheat seed was consumed during a drought.
B) Wheat is salt tolerant.
C) Barley grows in different climates.
D) Barley has a greater salt tolerance than wheat.
E) Barley began growing without sowing.
Q2) It is estimated that about ___[Answer1]__[AnswerUnits]_____ people will live on Earth by 2050.
Q3) __________ percent of Australia's flora and fauna are exotic (compared to the rest of the world).
Q4) Ironically,excessive rainfall often leads to salinization in arid and semi-arid areas. A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain issues with salinization in Australia and how Australia's physical environment contributes.
Q6) Discuss ways in which soil can become salinated in arid and semi-arid lands.
Q7) As of 2010,approximately __________ Giant Pandas lived in the wild.
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Q8) Roughly ___[Answer1]__[AnswerUnits]_____ people lived on Earth 2000 years ago.