Physical Science Textbook Exam Questions - 3126 Verified Questions by Quizplus

Course Introduction

Physical Science

Textbook Exam Questions

Physical Science is an introductory course that explores the fundamental principles governing the natural world, focusing on topics drawn from physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth sciences. The course examines key concepts such as matter and its properties, energy and its forms, forces and motion, the structure of atoms and molecules, and the interactions within the physical universe. Students will engage in experiments, problem-solving, and conceptual discussions that develop scientific literacy, critical thinking, and an appreciation for the scientific foundations underlying everyday phenomena.

Recommended Textbook Physics 5th Edition by James S. Walker

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32 Chapters

3126 Verified Questions

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) Express 50 mi/h in units of meters per second.(1 mi = 1609 m)

A)49 m/s

B)2.2 m/s

C)22 m/s

D)45 m/s

Answer: C

Q2) What is the result,expressed to the proper number of significant figures,of adding 23.4 to 91.237 and then subtracting 23.4?

A)91.237

B)91.2

C)91.3

D)91.0

E)91

Answer: B

Q3) A volume of 100 mL is equivalent to which one of the following volumes?

A)1 kL

B)10-6 L

C)0.1 L

D)0.01 ML

Answer: C

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Chapter 2: One-Dimensional Kinematics

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Q1) A laser is thrown upward with a speed of 12 m/s on the surface of planet X where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere.What is the maximum height reached by the laser?

A)8.0 m

B)18 m

C)48 m

D)144 m

Answer: C

Q2) To determine the height of a bridge above the water,a person drops a stone and measures the time it takes for it to hit the water.If the height of the bridge is 41 m,how long will it take for the stone to hit the water? Neglect air resistance.

A)2.3 s

B)2.6 s

C)2.9 s

D)3.2 s

E)3.6 s

Answer: C

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Chapter 3: Vectors in Physics

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Q1) A plane has an airspeed of 200 m/s northward,and is in a wind of 50.0 m/s to the west.The plane's speed relative to the ground is

A)150 m/s.

B)200 m/s.

C)206 m/s.

D)250 m/s.

Answer: C

Q2) A plane has an eastward heading with an airspeed of 156 m/s.A 20.0 m/s wind is blowing southward at the same time as the plane is flying.The velocity of the plane relative to the ground is

A)157 m/s at an angle 7.31° south of east.

B)157 m/s at an angle 7.31° east of south.

C)155 m/s at an angle 7.36° south of east.

D)155 m/s at an angle 7.36° east of south.

E)157 m/s at an angle 7.36° south of east.

Answer: A

Q3) If three vectors add to zero,they must all have equal magnitudes.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

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Chapter 4: Two-Dimensional Kinematics

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Q1) A high-speed dart is shot from ground level with a speed of 150 m/s at an angle 30° above the horizontal.What is the vertical component of its velocity after 4.0 s if air resistance is neglected?

A)150 m/s

B)36 m/s

C)130 m/s

D)75 m/s

E)38 m/s

Q2) A person throws a ball horizontally from the top of a building that is 24.0 m above the ground level.The ball lands 100 m down range from the base of the building.What was the initial velocity of the ball? Neglect air resistance and use g = 9.81 m/s2.

A)202 m/s

B)9.80 m/s

C)19.6 m/s

D)45.2 m/s

E)94.4°

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Chapter 5: Newtons Laws of Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) Calculate the average force a bumper would have to exert to bring a 1200-kg car to rest in 15 cm when the car had an initial speed of 2.0 m/s (about 4.5 mph).

A)1.8 × 104 N

B)1.6 × 104 N

C)5.4 × 104 N

D)6.5 × 105 N

E)3.2 × 104 N

Q2) A bucket is being lowered by a very light rope with a constant downward velocity.The tension in the rope must be A)equal to the weight of the bucket. B)greater than the weight of the bucket. C)less than the weight of the bucket.

Q3) If I weigh 741 N on Earth at a place where g = 9.80 m/s2 and 5320 N on the surface of another planet,what is the acceleration due to gravity on that planet?

A)70.4 m/s2

B)51.4 m/s2

C)61.2 m/s2

D)81.0 m/s2

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Chapter 6: Applications of Newtons Laws

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Q1) A 3.0-kg mass and a 5.0-kg mass hang vertically at the opposite ends of a very light rope that goes over an ideal pulley.If the masses are gently released,what is the resulting acceleration of the masses?

A)0.00 m/s2

B)3.7 m/s2

C)2.5 m/s2

D)4.9 m/s2

E)6.1 m/s2

Q2) A jet plane flying 600 m/s experiences an acceleration of 4.0 g when pulling out of the circular section of a dive.What is the radius of curvature of this section of the dive?

A)1.2 km

B)5.8 km

C)0.64 km

D)9.2 km

E)7.0 km

Q3) The Moon is accelerated toward the earth,so it is gradually getting closer to the earth.

A)True

B)False

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Page 8

Chapter 7: Work and Kinetic Energy

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Q1) A 35-N bucket of water is lifted vertically 3.0 m and then returned to its original position.How much work did gravity do on the bucket during this process?

A)180 J

B)90 J

C)45 J

D)0 J

E)900 J

Q2) If the force on an object is in the negative direction,the work it does on the object must be

A)negative.

B)positive.

C)The work could be either positive or negative,depending on the direction the object moves.

Q3) A 10-kg dog is running with a speed of 5.0 m/s.What is the minimum work required to stop the dog in 2.40 s?

A)50 J

B)75 J

C)100 J

D)125 J

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Page 9

Chapter 8: Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy

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Q1) A lightweight object and a very heavy object are sliding with equal speeds along a level frictionless surface.They both slide up the same frictionless hill with no air resistance.Which object rises to a greater height?

A)The heavy object,because it has greater initial kinetic energy.

B)The light object,because gravity slows it down less.

C)The lightweight object,because the force of gravity on it is less.

D)The heavy object,because it has more mass to carry it up the hill.

E)They both slide to exactly the same height.

Q2) A small 1.4-N stone slides down a frictionless bowl,starting from rest at the rim.The bowl itself is a hemisphere of radius 75 cm.Just as the stone reaches the bottom of the bowl,how hard is the bowl pushing on it?

A)0.70 N

B)1.4 N

C)2.8 N

D)4.2 N

E)5.6 N

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Chapter 9: Linear Momentum and Collisions

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Sample Questions

Q1) If a quantity you calculated had units of kg m/s,what type of quantity could it be?

(There could be more than one correct choice. )

A)momentum

B)kinetic energy

C)work

D)impulse

E)force

Q2) Two dogs,Rover and Fido,run on a level frictionless surface.Rover runs eastward with a momentum of 24 kg .m/s,and Fido runs northward with momentum 10 kg .m/s.They make a sudden perfectly inelastic collision.What is the magnitude of their combined momentum after the collision?

A)14 kg .m/s

B)26 kg .m/s

C)34 kg .m/s

D)It cannot be determined without knowing the masses and velocities of the dogs.

Q3) There must be equal amounts of mass on both sides of the center of mass (or center of gravity)of a system.

A)True

B)False

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Page 11

Chapter 10: Rotational Kinematics and Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) A solid uniform cylinder is rolling without slipping.What fraction of its kinetic energy is rotational?

A)1/3

B)2/3

C)1/2

D)1/4

E)3/4

Q2) A solid uniform disk of diameter 3.20 m and mass 42 kg rolls without slipping to the bottom of a hill,starting from rest.If the angular speed of the disk is 4.27 rad/s at the bottom,how high did it start on the hill?

A)3.57 m

B)2.68 m

C)3.14 m

D)4.28 m

Q3) What is the angular speed,in rad/s,of a flywheel turning at 813.0 rpm?

A)85.14 rad/s

B)13.53 rad/s

C)63.84 rad/s

D)95.33 rad/s

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Chapter 11: Rotational Dynamics and Static Equilibrium

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Q1) When a car is weighed,it is driven slowly on a horizontal floor over a scale that records a reading as the front wheels go over the scale,and then records a second reading as the rear wheels go over the scale.The weight of the car is equal to

A)the weight under the front wheels.

B)the weight under the rear wheels.

C)the average of the two weights.

D)the sum of the two weights.

E)the difference of the two weights.

Q2) The drive chain in a bicycle is applying a torque of 0.850 N m to the wheel of the bicycle.You can treat the wheel as a thin uniform hoop (or ring)with a mass of 0.750 kg and a radius of 33.0 cm.What is the angular acceleration of the wheel?

A)10.4 rad/s2

B)20.8 rad/s2

C)5.20 rad/s2

D)3.43 rad/s2

E)1.06 rad/s2

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Chapter 12: Gravity

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Q1) Two small balls,A and B,attract each other gravitationally with a force of magnitude

F.If we now double both masses and the separation of the balls,what will now be the magnitude of the attractive force on each one?

A)16F

B)8F

C)4F

D)F

E)F/4

Q2) What would be the weight of a 59.1-kg astronaut on a planet with the same density as Earth and having twice Earth's radius?

A)580 N

B)290 N

C)1160 N

D)2320 N

E)1200 N

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Chapter 13: Oscillations About Equilibrium

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Sample Questions

Q1) If the frequency of the motion of a simple harmonic oscillator is doubled,by what factor does the maximum speed of the oscillator change?

A)2

B)4

C)It does not change.

D)1/2

E)1/4

Q2) An object that hangs from the ceiling of a stationary elevator by an ideal spring oscillates with a period T.If the elevator accelerates upward with acceleration 2g,what will be the period of oscillation of the object?

A)4T

B)2T

C)T

D)T/2

E)T/4

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Chapter 14: Waves and Sound

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Sample Questions

Q1) Two in-phase loudspeakers that emit sound with the same frequency are placed along a wall and are separated by a distance of 5.00 m.A person is standing 12.0 m away from the wall,equidistant from the loudspeakers.When the person moves 1.00 m parallel to the wall,she experiences destructive interference for the first time.What is the frequency of the sound? The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.

A)211 Hz

B)256 Hz

C)422 Hz

D)512 Hz

E)674 Hz

Q2) A police car has an 800-Hz siren.It is traveling at 35.0 m/s on a day when the speed of sound through air is 340 m/s.The car approaches and passes an observer who is standing along the roadside.What change of frequency does the observer hear?

A)0 Hz

B)82 HZ

C)166 Hz

D)249 Hz

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Page 16

Chapter 15: Fluids

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 100-kg person sits on a 5-kg bicycle.The total weight is borne equally by the two wheels of the bicycle.The tires are 2.0 cm wide and are inflated to a gauge pressure of 8.0 × 105 Pa.What length of each tire is in contact with the ground?

A)1.6 cm

B)1.8 cm

C)3.2 cm

D)2.4 cm

E)6.4 cm

Q2) Motor oil,with a viscosity of 0.25 N s/m2,is flowing through a tube that has a radius of 5.0 mm and is 25 cm long.The drop in pressure is 300 kPa.What is the volume of oil flowing through the tube per second?

A)0.00038 m3/s

B)0.025 m3/s

C)0.0012 m3/s

D)4.7 m3/s

E)7.5 m3/s

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Chapter 16: Temperature and Heat

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Sample Questions

Q1) Nitrogen boils at -196°C.What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit scale?

A)-315°F

B)-196°F

C)-346°F

D)-290°F

E)-321°F

Q2) A large vat contains 1.000 L of water at 20°C.What volume will this water occupy when it is heated up to 80°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6 K-1.

A)1.600 L

B)1.013 L

C)0.987 L

D)0.9987 L

Q3) A temperature change of 20°C corresponds to a Fahrenheit temperature change of A)68°F.

B)11°F.

C)36°F.

D)18°F.

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Chapter 17: Phases and Phase Changes

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Q1) A 44.0-g block of ice at -15.0°C is dropped into a calorimeter (of negligible heat capacity)containing 100g. Of water at 5.0°C.When equilibrium is reached,how much of the ice will have melted? The specific heat of ice is 2090 J/kg K,that of water is 4186 J/kg K,and the latent heat of fusion of water is 33.5 × 104 J/kg.

A)2.1 g

B)21 g

C)5.2 g

D)52 g

E)4.4 g

Q2) A car starts out when the air temperature is 288 K and the absolute (total)air pressure in the tires is 500 kPa.After driving a while,the temperature of the air in the tires increases to 298 K.What is the pressure in the tires at that point,assuming their volume does not change?

A)129 kPa

B)483 kPa

C)507 kPa

D)517 kPa

E)532 kPa

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Page 19

Chapter 18: The Laws of Thermodynamics

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Q1) How much heat is required to increase the temperature of 1.70 moles of an ideal monatomic gas by 23.0 K at constant pressure? (R = 8.31 J/mol K)

A)812 J

B)346 J

C)751 J

D)391 J

E)290 J

Q2) A certain heat engine extracts 1.30 kJ of heat from a hot temperature reservoir and discharges 0.70 kJ of heat to a cold temperature reservoir.What is the efficiency of this engine?

A)46%

B)54%

C)86%

D)27%

E)13%

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Chapter 19: Electric Charges, Forces, and Fields

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Q1) A small 0.050-kg insulating sphere carries a charge of -60 C and is hanging by a vertical silk thread from a fixed point in the ceiling.An external uniform vertical electric field is now applied.If the applied electric field has a magnitude of 3000 N/C and is directed downward,what is the tension in the silk thread? (k = 1/4 0 = 9.0 × 109 N m2/C2)

A)0.19 N

B)0.31 N

C)0.41 N

D)0.52 N

E)0.71 N

Q2) A proton is located at the point (x = 1.0 nm,y = 0.0 nm)and an electron is located at the point (x=0.0nm, y= 4.0nm). Find the magnitude of the electrostatic force that each one exerts on the other.(k = 1/4 0 = 9.0 × 109 N m2/C2,e = 1.6 × 10-19C)

A)1.4 × 10-11 N

B)5.3 × 10-18 N

C)5.3 × 108 N

D)5.9 × 10-15 N

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Page 21

Chapter 20: Electric Potential and Electric

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Q1) A space probe approaches a planet,taking measurements as it goes.If it detects a potential difference of 6000 MV between the altitudes of 253,000 km and 276,000 km above the planet's surface,what is the approximate electric field strength produced by the planet at 264,500 km above the surface? Assume the electric field strength is approximately constant at these altitudes.

A)261 N/C

B)0.261 N/C

C)561 N/C

D)493 N/C

Q2) How much energy is necessary to place three +2.0-µC point charges at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 2.0 cm if they started out extremely far away? (k = 1/4 0 = 9.0 × 109 N m2/C2)

A)4.5 J

B)5.4 J

C)6.7 J

D)7.6 J

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Chapter 21: Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuits

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Q1) The lamps in a string of decorative lights are connected in parallel across a constant-voltage power source.What happens if one lamp burns out? (Assume negligible resistance in the wires leading to the lamps. )

A)The brightness of the lamps will not change appreciably.

B)The other lamps get brighter equally.

C)The other lamps get brighter,but some get brighter than others.

D)The other lamps get dimmer equally.

E)The other lamps get dimmer,but some get dimmer than others.

Q2) When the current through a resistor is increased by a factor of 4,the power dissipated by the resistor

A)decreases by a factor of 4.

B)decreases by a factor of 16.

C)increases by a factor of 16.

D)increases by a factor of 4.

E)increases by a factor of 2.

Q3) How much energy does a 100-W light bulb use in 8.0 hours?

A)0.0080 kWh

B)0.80 kWh

C)13 kWh

D)800 kWh

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Chapter 22: Magnetism

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Q1) A flat rectangular loop of wire carrying a 4.0-A current is placed in a uniform 0.60-T magnetic field.The magnitude of the torque acting on this loop when the plane of the loop makes a 30° angle with the field is measured to be 1.1 N m.What is the area of this loop?

A)0.20 m2

B)0.40 m2

C)0.26 m2

D)0.80 m2

E)0.53 m2

Q2) At what distance from a long straight wire carrying a current of 5.0 A is the magnitude of the magnetic field due to the wire equal to the strength of Earth's magnetic field of about 5.0 × 10-5 T? ( 0 = 4 × 10-7

T m/A)

A)1.0 mm

B)1.0 cm

C)2.0 cm

D)3.0 cm

E)4.0 cm

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Chapter 23: Magnetic Flux and Faradays Law of Induction

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Q1) A flat coil having 160 turns,each with an area of 0.20 m2,is placed with the plane of its area perpendicular to a magnetic field of 0.40 T.The magnetic field changes uniformly from 0.40 T in the +x direction to 0.40 T in the -x direction in 2.0 s.If the resistance of the coil is 16 ,at what rate is power generated in the coil during this change?

A)5.0 W

B)10 W

C)15 W

D)20 W

Q2) A 2.00-m long metal wire is formed into a square and placed in the horizontal xy-plane.A uniform magnetic field is oriented at 30° above the horizontal with a strength of 0.344 T.What is the magnetic flux through the square due to this field?

A)0.0745 T m2

B)0.172 T m2

C)0.0430 T m2

D)0.298 T m2

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Chapter 24: Alternating-Current Circuits

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Q1) A simple circuit consists only of of a 1.0- F capacitor and a 15-mH coil in series.At what frequency will this circuit oscillate?

A)15 kHz

B)1.3 kHz

C)0.77 kHz

D)67 Hz

Q2) At what frequency will a 20.0-mH inductor have an inductive reactance of 100 ?

A)225 Hz

B)655 Hz

C)796 Hz

D)457 Hz

E)None of the other answers is correct.

Q3) A 120-V rms voltage is applied across a 6.0- F capacitor.If the frequency of the generator is 60 Hz,what is the rms value of the current in the circuit?

A)0.47 A

B)0.37 A

C)0.071 A

D)0.17 A

E)0.27 A

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Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Waves

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Q1) The following items are positioned in sequence: A source of a beam of natural light of intensity I0,three ideal polarizers A,B,and C;and an observer.Polarizer axis angles are measured clockwise from the vertical,as viewed by the observer.The axis angle of polarizer A is set at 0° (vertical),and the axis angle of polarizer C is set at 50°.Polarizer B is set so that the beam intensity at the observer is a maximum.What is the axis angle settings of polarizer B?

A)0°

B)25°

C)50°

D)75°

E)100°

Q2) The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is 600 nm.What is its frequency? (c = 3.0 × 108 m/s)

A)200 × 1012 Hz

B)300 × 1012 Hz

C)400 × 1012 Hz

D)500 × 1012 Hz

E)600 × 1012 Hz

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Chapter 26: Geometrical Optics

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Q1) A plant that is 4.1 cm tall is 10.3 cm from a converging lens.You observe that the image of this plant is virtual and 6.2 cm tall.What is the focal length of the lens?

A)6.8 cm

B)-30 cm

C)16 cm

D)30 cm

E)-16 cm

Q2) If a spherical concave mirror has a radius of curvature R,its focal length is A)R/4.

B)R/2.

C)R.

D)2R.

E)4R.

Q3) A statue that is 10.4 cm tall is placed 4.8 cm in front of a concave lens.The image is 4.0 cm from the lens.How tall is the image?

A)13 cm

B)8.7 cm

C)5.4 cm

D)1.8 cm

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Chapter 27: Optical Instruments

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Q1) A nearsighted person has a far point that is 4.2 m from his eyes.What power contact lenses must he wear to allow him to focus on distant mountains?

A)0.48 diopters

B)-0.48 diopters

C)-0.36 diopters

D)-0.24 diopters

E)0.24 diopters

Q2) If the lens in a person's eye is too highly curved,this person is suffering from A)farsightedness.

B)spherical aberration.

C)astigmatism.

D)chromatic aberration.

E)nearsightedness.

Q3) A magnifying glass has a focal length of 7.0 cm.What is the angular magnification if the image is viewed by a person having a relaxed eye with the near point of 25 cm?

A)1.6

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Page 29

Chapter 28: Physical Optics: Interference and Diffraction

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Q1) Light having a frequency in vacuum of 6.0 × 1014 Hz enters a liquid of refractive index 2.0.What is the frequency of the light in this liquid? (c = 3.0 × 108 m/s)

A)12 × 1014 Hz

B)6.0 × 1014 Hz

C)3.0 × 1014 Hz

D)1.5 × 1014 Hz

E)2.0 × 1014 Hz

Q2) A round 0.85-mm-diameter hole is illuminated by infrared light of wavelength 2.5 m

What is the angle of the first dark fringe in the resulting pattern?

A)0.21 degrees

B)3.6 × 10-3 degrees

C)1.2 × 10-2 degrees

D)4.8 × 10-2 degrees

Q3) When a beam of light,originally traveling in air,enters a piece of glass having an index of refraction of 3/2,its frequency

A)increases by a factor of 3/2.

B)is reduced to 2/3 its original value.

C)is unaffected.

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Chapter 29: Relativity

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Sample Questions

Q1) Astronaut Rob leaves Earth in a spaceship at a speed of 0.960c relative to an observer on Earth.Rob's destination is a star system 14.4 light-years away (one light-year is the distance light travels in one year).Relative to a frame of reference that is fixed with respect to Earth,how long does it take Rob to complete the trip?

A)14.4 years

B)15.0 years

C)10.8 years

D)4.20 years

E)22.7 years

Q2) A spaceship carrying a light clock moves at a speed of 0.960c relative to an observer on Earth.If the clock on the ship advances by 1.00 s as measured by the space travelers aboard the ship,how long did that advance take as measured by the observer on Earth?

A)0.96 s

B)1.2 s

C)2.6 s

D)3.6 s

E)5.8 s

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Chapter 30: Quantum Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) Light of a given wavelength is used to illuminate the surface of a metal,however,no photoelectrons are emitted.In order to cause electrons to be ejected from the surface of this metal you should

A)use light of a longer wavelength.

B)use light of a shorter wavelength.

C)use light of the same wavelength but increase its intensity.

D)use light of the same wavelength but decrease its intensity.

Q2) A photocathode having a work function of 2.4 eV is illuminated with monochromatic light whose photon energy is 3.4 eV.What is maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons produced? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s,h = 6.626 × 10-34

J s,1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J)

A)1.6 × 10-19 J

B)3.8 × 10-19 J

C)4.4 × 10-19 J

D)4.9 × 10-19 J

E)5.4 × 10-19 J

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Chapter 31: Atomic Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the g subshell?

A)10

B)14

C)18

D)22

Q2) A hydrogen atom is in the 6h state.How many electrons are allowed in this state?

A)22

B)18

C)14

D)10

E)6

Q3) If = 4,which one of the following is a possible quantum number for n? A)0 B)2 C)3 D)4 E)8

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Page 33

Chapter 32: Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Radiation

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Sample Questions

Q1) In - decay,the number of neutrons in the nucleus is A)decreased by 1.

B)decreased by 2.

C)increased by 1.

D)increased by 2.

E)remains unchanged.

Q2) A gamma ray is also known as A)an electron.

B)a positron.

C)a helium nucleus.

D)a high-energy photon.

Q3) Fermium-253 has a half-life of 3.00 days.A sample of fermium has 3.88 × 106 nuclei.What is the initial activity of this sample?

A)10.4 Bq

B)10.4 kBq

C)12.9 Bq

D)12.9 kBq

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