Physical Science for Elementary Education Majors
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course provides elementary education majors with a foundational understanding of key concepts in physical science, including physics, chemistry, earth science, and astronomy. Emphasizing inquiry-based learning and hands-on activities, the course explores topics such as matter and its properties, energy and motion, forces, simple machines, chemical reactions, and the structure of the universe. Designed to model effective pedagogy, the curriculum equips future educators with the knowledge and skills needed to teach physical science concepts at the elementary level, while fostering scientific curiosity and critical thinking in young learners.
Recommended Textbook
Conceptual Physics 12th Edition by Paul G. Hewitt
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37 Chapters
2874 Verified Questions
2874 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: About Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) The safest way to view an image of the Sun is to use A)a telescope.
B)binoculars.
C)a pinhole.
D)colored sunglasses.
Answer: C
Q2) Spots of sunlight on the ground cast through openings between leaves in trees above are actually
A)images of the Sun.
B)part of a solar eclipse.
C)due to refraction of sunlight.
D)all of the above
Answer: A
Q3) When a dishonest scientist reports false information, he or she
A)as in many other professions, will be excused by the scientific community.
B)gets no second chance in the scientific community.
C)is elevated in the scientific community.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Newtons First Law of Motion: Inertia
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sheet of paper can be quickly jerked beneath a container of milk without toppling, which best demonstrates A)net force.
B)the difference between force and mass.
C)inertia.
Answer: C
Q2) When a rocket ship gaining speed in outer space runs out of fuel, it
A)gains speed for a short time, then slows down to a constant velocity.
B)gains speed for a short time, slows down, and eventually stops.
C)no longer gains speed.
Answer: C
Q3) If your automobile runs out of fuel while driving, the engine stops. You don't come to an abrupt stop due to A)inertia.
B)gravity.
C)resistance.
D)the principle of continuation.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Linear Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neglecting air resistance, how fast must you toss a ball straight up in order for it to take 6 seconds to return to its initial level?
A)5 m/s
B)10 m/s
C)20 m/s
D)30 m/s
E)more than 30 m/s
Answer: D
Q2) A car's speed 3 seconds after accelerating from rest at 2 m/s<sup>2</sup> is
A)2 m/s.
B)3 m/s.
C)4 m/s.
D)6 m/s.
Answer: D
Q3) The accelerations possible for a ball on an inclined plane
A)range from zero to g.
B)range from g to infinity.
C)have no limit.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Newtons Second Law of Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A skydiver steps from a helicopter and falls for a few seconds until terminal velocity is reached. Thereafter, until he opens his parachute, his acceleration
A)is constant.
B)increases.
C)decreases.
D)is zero.
E)none of the above
Q2) When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is A)zero.
B)g.
C)constant.
Q3) An object released from rest on another planet requires one second to fall a distance of 6 meters. What is the acceleration due to gravity on this planet?
A)3 m/s<sup>2</sup>
B)6 m/s<sup>2</sup>
C)12 m/s<sup>2</sup>
D)15 m/s<sup>2</sup>
E)none of the above
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Chapter 5: Newtons Third Law of Motion: Action and Reaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The airspeed of an airplane is 200 km/h. When it is caught in a 200-km/h crosswind, its speed across the ground below is
A)0 km/h.
B)200 km/h.
C)283 km/h.
D)400 km/h.
E)1600 km/h.
Q2) When a cannonball is fired from a cannon, which undergoes the greater acceleration?
A)the cannonball
B)the recoiling cannon
C)both the same
Q3) A shoe on an inclined surface barely remains at rest when friction equals the A)weight mg of the shoe.
B)component of mg perpendicular to the surface.
C)component of mg parallel to the surface.
D)none of the above
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Momentum
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 2-kg rifle that is suspended by strings fires a 0.01-kg bullet at 200 m/s. The recoil velocity of the rifle is about
A)0.001 m/s.
B)0.01 m/s.
C)0.1 m/s.
D)1 m/s.
E)none of these
Q2) Two identical objects in outer space, one moving at 2 m/s, the other at 1 m/s, have a head-on collision and stick together. Their combined speed after the collision is
A)0.5 m/s.
B)0.33 m/s.
C)0.67 m/s.
D)1.0 m/s.
E)none of the above
Q3) The conservation of momentum is most closely related to
A)Newton's 1st law.
B)Newton's 2nd law.
C)Newton's 3rd law.
D)Newton's law of gravity
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A motorcycle moving at 50 km/h skids 10 m with locked brakes. How far will it skid with locked brakes when traveling at 150 km/h?
A)10 m
B)30 m
C)50 m
D)90 m
Q2) A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum potential energy at A)the top.
B)a quarter of the way down.
C)halfway down.
D)the bottom.
Q3) A car's engine is 20% efficient. When cruising, the car encounters an average retarding force of 1000 N. If the energy content of fuel is 40 megajoules per liter, how many kilometers per liter does the car achieve?
A)8
B)10
C)12
D)14
E)none of the above
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Rotational Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tightrope walker more easily balances on a tight wire if her pole
A)is held high.
B)droops.
C)is short but heavy.
Q2) A ball that gains speed as it rolls down a hill experiences a A)net torque.
B)net force.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Which horse moves faster in m/s on a merry-go-round?
A)one near inner rail
B)one near outer rail
C)both move at the same speed in m/s.
Q4) As a huge rotating cloud of particles in space gravitate together forming an increasingly dense ball, it shrinks in size and A)rotates slower.
B)rotates at the same speed.
C)rotates faster.
D)cannot rotate.
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Chapter 9: Gravity
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Sample Questions
Q1) There would be only one ocean tide per 24-hour day if the
A)Earth and Moon were equally massive.
B)Moon were more massive than Earth.
C)Sun's influence on the tides were negligible.
D)Moon's mass were small - only a few kilograms.
E)none of the above
Q2) Which rocket would require more fuel?
A)one going from the Moon to Earth.
B)one going from Earth to the Moon.
C)both the same.
Q3) What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface?
A)50 N
B)250 N
C)500 N
D)5000 N
E)none of the above
Q4) If Earth's radius somehow increased with no change in mass, your weight would
A)increase also.
B)decrease.
C)stay the same.
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Chapter 10: Projectile and Satellite Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The speed of an Earth satellite does NOT depend on its A)distance from Earth.
B)mass.
C)but it depends on both D)it depends on neither
Q2) The Moon does not crash into Earth because
A)Earth's gravitational field is relatively weak at the Moon.
B)gravitational pull of other planets keeps the Moon up.
C)Moon has a sufficient tangential speed.
D)Moon has less mass than Earth.
E)none of the above
Q3) A bullet is fired horizontally with an initial velocity of 300 m/s from a 20-m high tower. If air resistance is negligible, the bullet hits downrange about
A)200 m.
B)300 m.
C)400 m.
D)500 m.
E)600 m.
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Chapter 11: Atomic Nature of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The volume of matter is due mostly to its A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)both of these
Q2) The mass of matter is due mostly to its A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)both of these
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a mixture?
A)granite
B)cake
C)air
D)beach sand
E)none of the above
Q4) An atomic model of the atom is A)a symbolic representation of the atom.
B)a stepping stone to further understanding.
C)an abstraction enabling predictions.
D)all of the above
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Chapter 12: Solids
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you hold two objects that have the same weight density, then they A)may have unequal mass densities.
B)have equal mass densities.
C)are equal in weight.
Q2) Eight little spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere. Compared to the combined surface areas of the eight little spheres, the surface area of the big sphere is A)less.
B)the same.
C)greater.
Q3) Support a horizontal toothpick at both ends. Then do likewise for a log of the same kind of wood. There is more sag in the A)toothpick.
B)log.
C)same in each
Q4) If you bake cupcakes as directed for a cake, the cupcakes will be A)over-baked.
B)under-baked.
C)properly baked.
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14
Chapter 13: Liquids
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you float a piece of wood in a container brim-full of water that rests on a weighing scale, some water will spill. Then the weight reading on the scale will A)decrease.
B)remain unchanged.
C)increase.
Q2) Buoyant force is greater on a submerged 10-newton block of A)lead.
B)aluminum.
C)same on each
Q3) A lobster crawls onto a bathroom scale on the ocean floor. Its weight compared to its weight above the surface is A)greater.
B)less.
C)the same.
Q4) The least buoyant force on a rock is when it is submerged A)near the surface.
B)halfway to the bottom.
C)near the bottom.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 14: Gases and Plasmas
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Sample Questions
Q1) If one of the pair of Magdeburg hemispheres were fastened to a strong tree, the force needed by a single party to pull them apart would be
A)half as much.
B)the same.
C)twice as much.
D)none of the above
Q2) When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is
A)pulled to the wall by the vacuum.
B)pushed to the wall by the atmosphere.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) A buoyant force acts on
A)gas-filled balloons.
B)you and your classmates.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) Inside the same room, buoyant force is greater on A)a helium-filled party balloon.
B)an elephant.
C)both the same
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Chapter 15: Temperature, Heat, and Expansion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's
A)good conductivity.
B)vast supply of internal energy.
C)high specific heat capacity.
D)high evaporation rate.
E)absorption of solar energy.
Q2) In terms of thermal expansion it is important that
A)a key and its lock are made of similar or the same material.
B)the fillings in your teeth expand at the same rate as teeth.
C)iron rods and concrete in which they're embedded expand equally.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) Place a 1-kilogram block of iron at 40°C into 1 kilogram of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes
A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.
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Chapter 16: Heat Transfer
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Sample Questions
Q1) To save energy while you leave your cool house for a half hour on a hot day, turn the temperature setting on the air conditioner
A)down.
B)up.
C)off altogether.
D)to room temperature.
Q2) When an object absorbs as much as it radiates
A)it remains at about the same temperature.
B)it is a net absorber.
C)it is a net radiator.
D)none of the above
Q3) Terrestrial radiation is
A)emitted by Earth.
B)emitted by the Sun.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) At the same temperature, which has greater average speed in the air?
A)very light molecules
B)heavier molecules
C)both have equal average speeds.
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Chapter 17: Change of Phase
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Sample Questions
Q1) When vapor transforms to a plasma, energy must be A)absorbed by the vapor.
B)released from the vapor.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q2) Morning dew on the grass is a result of A)evaporation of water.
B)the open-structured form of water crystals.
C)air pressure on water vapor.
D)slow-moving water molecules sticking to one another.
Q3) When water vapor condenses on the inside of a window, the room becomes slightly A)warmer.
B)cooler.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) Rapid evaporation of hot water can lead to A)superheated steam.
B)the formation of ice.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Thermodynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas
A)the internal energy of the gas remains constant.
B)the temperature of the gas does not change.
C)no heat enters or leaves the gas.
D)no work is done on the gas.
E)none of the above
Q2) When a system does work without adding heat, the temperature of the system
A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.
D)none of the above
Q3) An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of A)entropy.
B)pressure change.
C)heat exchange.
D)temperature change.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 19: Vibrations and Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is affected by mass?
A)a freely-falling object
B)an object sliding down a friction-free plane
C)a pendulum
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) The number of nodes, including the end points, in a standing wave that is two wavelengths long is A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)none of the above
Q3) If you quickly run away from the orchestra at a concert, the frequency of the sound you hear will be
A)decreased.
B)increased.
C)neither of these.
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Chapter 20: Sound
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Sample Questions
Q1) Resonance occurs with forced vibration that requires the A)least amount of energy input.
B)maximum amount of energy input.
C)matching of wave amplitudes.
D)matching of constructive and destructive interference.
E)minimum beat frequency.
Q2) A tuning fork of frequency 200 hertz can resonate if an incident sound wave has a frequency of
A)100 hertz.
B)200 hertz.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) The wavelengths of sound that carry farther in air are relatively A)long.
B)short.
C)ultrasonic.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 21: Musical Sounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Double the frequency of a musical note and you halve its A)wavelength.
B)speed.
C)amplitude.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) The number of nodes in a standing wave of three wavelengths, not including the endpoints, is A)2.
B)3.
C)4.
D)5.
E)6.
Q3) The pitch of a musical sound is most related to A)wavelength.
B)frequency. C)speed.
D)amplitude.
E)all of the above
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Electrostatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electrostatics is a branch of electricity that focuses on
A)electrical charge.
B)electrical force.
C)both of these when static.
D)none of the above
Q2) A positively-charged rod is held near an aluminum can that rests on a dry wood table. If you momentarily touch the opposite side of the can with your finger, the can becomes
A)positively charged.
B)negatively charged.
C)partially discharged.
D)completely discharged.
E)none of the above
Q3) A positive charge and a negative charge held a certain distance apart are released. As they move, the force on each particle
A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)stays the same.
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24
Chapter 23: Electric Current
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is correct to say that in electric circuits
A)charge flows through a circuit.
B)flowing charge is current.
C)voltage is applied across a circuit.
D)voltage is the ratio of energy per charge.
E)all of the above
Q2) Electrons that are energized to glow in the filament of a common ac lamp are
A)supplied by a wall outlet.
B)supplied by a wall outlet, which in turn are supplied by your power company.
C)electrons already in the filament.
D)none of the above
Q3) A 4-ohm and 6-ohm resistor connected in parallel have an equivalent resistance of
A)2.4 ohms.
B)4 ohms.
C)5 ohms.
D)5.5 ohms.
E)10 ohms.
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25
Chapter 24: Magnetism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The magnetic fields of a pair of nearby magnets can A)only add.
B)cannot add or subtract.
C)add or subtract by vector rules.
Q2) A galvanometer can be calibrated to measure A)electric current.
B)electric voltage.
C)both of these
D)none of these
Q3) The source of all magnetism is
A)tiny pieces of iron.
B)tiny domains of aligned atoms.
C)ferromagnetic materials.
D)moving electric charge.
E)none of the above
Q4) Refrigerator magnets are typically
A)short range.
B)long range.
C)none of these
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Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Induction
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Q1) The voltage across the input terminals of a transformer is 120 V. The primary has 25 loops and the secondary has 50 loops. The voltage the transformer delivers is
A)30 V.
B)60 V.
C)120 V.
D)240 V.
E)none of the above
Q2) Transformers use ac to satisfy the required
A)transfer of energy from coil to coil.
B)voltage for transformation.
C)change in magnetic field for operation.
D)change in input current.
E)magnetic field intensities.
Q3) When a change occurs in the magnetic field in a closed loop of wire
A)a voltage is induced in the wire.
B)a current is created in the loop of wire.
C)electromagnetic induction occurs.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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Chapter 26: Properties of Light
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a light signal and a radio signal were emitted simultaneously from Alpha Centauri, the first to reach Earth would be the A)radio signal.
B)light signal.
C)both the same time
Q2) If the color spectrum ranges from red to violet, then it ranges from A)low frequencies to high frequencies.
B)long wavelengths to short wavelengths.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) The speed of light in the void between molecules in glass is A)more than its speed in a vacuum.
B)the same as its speed in a vacuum.
C)less than its speed in a vacuum.
Q4) A total solar eclipse occurs for people in the Sun's A)umbra. B)penumbra.
C)none of these
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Chapter 27: Color
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Sample Questions
Q1) A red apple will appear black when illuminated with A)blue light.
B)cyan light.
C)yellow light.
D)magenta light.
E)none of the above
Q2) The part of the visible spectrum most absorbed by water is A)infrared.
B)red.
C)cyan.
D)all about equally.
Q3) The physics underlying the redness of sunsets and the color of blue jays involves A)scattered sunlight.
B)absorbed sunlight.
C)different processes for sunsets and blue jays.
Q4) Which piece of glass will warm up quicker in sunlight?
A)colored glass
B)clear glass
C)both the same
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Chapter 28: Reflection and Refraction
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Q1) A single raindrop illuminated by sunshine disperses A)a single color.
B)mainly light of mid-frequency colors.
C)all the colors of the rainbow.
Q2) When a light beam emerges from water into air, light speed A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.
Q3) Light travels fastest in A)warm air.
B)cool air.
C)a vacuum.
Q4) A person who sees more clearly under water without eyeglasses or a facemask is A)nearsighted.
B)farsighted.
C)neither of these
Q5) Light travels slower in a lens having a A)high index of refraction.
B)low index of refraction.
C)same in each
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Chapter 29: Light Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) A painting looks less flat when viewed with A)one eye.
B)both eyes.
C)Polaroid glasses.
Q2) The fanning out of waves upon passing through an opening is more pronounced through
A)small openings.
B)large openings.
C)same for each
D)none of the above
Q3) When waves from a pair of closely-spaced slits arrive in phase
A)a bright fringe is produced.
B)a dark fringe is produced.
C)both bright and dark fringes are produced.
D)none of the above
Q4) Light emitted by the Sun is A)polarized.
B)nonpolarized.
C)sometimes polarized.
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Chapter 30: Light Emission
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Sample Questions
Q1) A throbbing pulse of electromagnetic radiation is called a A)proton.
B)photon.
C)phototron.
D)newtron.
E)nooytron.
Q2) The radiation curve for a red hot fire-place poker peaks in the A)infrared region.
B)green region.
C)ultraviolet region.
Q3) Which of the following continually emits electromagnetic radiation?
A)insects
B)radio antennas
C)red-hot coals
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q4) If the energy levels in the neon atom were not discrete, neon signs would glow
A)red.
B)white.
C)blue.
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Chapter 31: Light Quanta
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you adjust a telescope to get a clear image of Saturn's rings, in a small but measurable way you alter
A)the telescope.
B)Saturn's rings.
C)both of these
D)neither these
Q2) The wavelength of a particle relates to its A)momentum.
B)energy levels.
C)quantum number.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is
A)noticeable only for submicroscopic particles.
B)a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics.
C)predominant in the atomic domain.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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Chapter 32: The Atom and the Quantum
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Q1) Both electrons and protons have equal-magnitude
A)mass.
B)charge.
C)energy.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) The discreteness of energy levels is best understood by considering the electrons to be
A)like tiny planets orbiting a sun.
B)attached to the nucleus by massless springs.
C)much less massive than the nucleus.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) A beam of electrons can be deflected by a A)magnetic field.
B)electric field.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
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Chapter 33: Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity
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Q1) For an isotope with a half-life of one day, at the end of three days the amount that remains is
A)none.
B)one-half.
C)one-quarter.
D)one-eighth.
E)none of the above
Q2) The half-life of a radioactive substance is affected by A)pressure.
B)temperature.
C)age.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to A)hold it together.
B)push it apart.
C)neither of these
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Chapter 34: Nuclear Fission and Fusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fusing two iron nuclei would occur with A)absorption of energy.
B)release of energy.
C)neither of these
Q2) Compared with protons, neutrons are more effective nuclear bullets in nuclear reactions since they have
A)slightly greater mass than a proton.
B)no charge.
C)a wider cross-section than a proton.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) Early 21<sup>st</sup> Century research in nuclear fusion uses A)laser beams.
B)ultra-hot plasmas.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) Fissioning a lead nucleus would yield a net
A)absorption of energy.
B)release of energy.
C)neither of these
Page 36
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Chapter 35: Special Theory of Relativity
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Q1) You and a friend can share the same space and time measurements when A)you are side by side at rest.
B)you both are side by side moving at constant velocity.
C)either of these D)none of these
Q2) There is an upper limit on the speed of a particle, which means there is also an upper limit on its A)momentum.
B)kinetic energy.
C)both of these D)neither of these
Q3) When we apply the Lorentz factor to length contraction, we
A)multiply by as in the equation for time dilation. B)multiply by the reciprocal of C)find it does not apply.
Q4) According to the special theory of relativity, while traveling at very high speed your pulse rate
A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.
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Chapter 36: General Theory of Relativity
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Q1) If you toss a ball "horizontally" from one wall to an opposite wall inside an accelerating spaceship in deep space, defining "up" as the direction of acceleration, the ball will hit
A)below its straight-line path.
B)above its straight-line path.
C)neither of these
Q2) Light bends when it
A)closely passes a star.
B)closely passes the Moon.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Apart from the effects of other planets, the orbit of Mercury precesses because
A)Mercury travels faster than any other planet.
B)Mercury's orbit is nearly circular.
C)of pronounced variations in Mercury's orbit about the Sun.
Q4) Inside an accelerating spaceship in deep space, a sideways-tossed ball will
A)curve as it would in a gravitational field equal to the spaceship's acceleration.
B)follow a straight-line path from one side of the interior to the other.
C)fall in a semi-circular path.
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Chapter 37: Systems of Measurement
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Q1) As a spaceship nears the Moon, its mass
A)varies slightly with distance, B)increases, C)decreases,
D)remains unchanged, While the Moon's gravitation force on the ship E)increases.
F)decreases.
G)remains unchanged.
Q2) A sports car and a moving van move at the same speed when they crash into a cement wall and stop equally quickly. The vehicle to have the greater force of impact will be
A)the sports car,
B)the van,
C)neither, for they experience equal forces of impact Because
D)they are traveling at the same speed.
E)the van's momentum is much greater.
F)the sport car has a greater change in velocity upon impact.
G)they both have equal momentum.
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