Physical Education and Society
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Physical Education and Society explores the complex interplay between physical activity, sport, and societal development. This course examines how physical education contributes to individual well-being, social integration, and cultural identity, while also considering the impact of social norms, gender roles, policy, and historical context on physical activity practices. Students will analyze the roles schools, communities, and organizations play in promoting healthy lifestyles, inclusion, and lifelong fitness, as well as current issues such as equity, access, and the influence of technology in shaping physical education within modern societies.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies 11th Edition by Jay Coakley
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Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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Q1) When sociologists say that sports are "contested activities," they mean that
A)all sports involve some form of contest or competition.
B)sports exist to enable people to have contests with each other.
C)people in any society must compete with each other to play sports.
D)people may struggle over what sports are and who should play them.
Answer: D
Q2) The author explains that we should study sports as parts of the social world because sports are
A)closely connected with important ideas and meanings in social life.
B)the only activities that keep people fit and healthy.
C)truly democratic activities unrelated to social class and social inequality.
D)too often ignored by mainstream media around the world.
Answer: A
Q3) Official definitions of sport have important implications because they identify the activities that
A)are best for the general health of people in a society.
B)attract attention global attention and increase tourism.
C)receive the most financial and political support.
D)reflect the cultural traditions of average people.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
How Is Knowledge Produced in the Sociology of Sport
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Q1) When Messner used a critical approach in his research on gender and sports, he was interested in
A)how sports can be used to challenge exploitive practices in society.
B)how he could help children adjust to the sex segregation of their teams.
C)providing sport administrators with the tools to be more efficient.
D)the ways that youth sports could generate revenues for worthy causes.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following questions would NOT be asked when using a critical approach in a sociological study of sports?
A)Who has power in sports and how do they use it?
B)What is the most efficient way to organize spectator sports?
C)Who is disadvantaged by the prevailing ideas and beliefs associated with sports?
D)Who is advantaged by existing forms of organization in sports?
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) The in-depth interviews done by Anita White and Jay Coakley indicated that young people are most likely to participate in sports when they
A)wanted to feel childlike.
B)wanted to escape negative circumstances in their lives.
C)thought they had a good chance of playing at a professional level.
D)saw sports as linked to their own growth and development.
Answer: D
Q2) According to an analysis of sports and society based on Gramsci's ideas, sports are important social phenomena because they are
A)vehicles for creating disagreement and social conflict in society.
B)mechanisms for promoting democracy and the common good in society.
C)activities that distract attention away from issues of ideology.
D)contexts through which ideological messages can be presented to people.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) In organized youth sport programs that emphasize the performance ethic there often is a corresponding emphasis on
A)making sure that children have fun in the programs.
B)putting children in many different programs rather than just one or two.
C)sport specialization among children.
D)pressuring children to quit sports once they have become skilled.
Q2) A specific recommendation for change made in the chapter is to
A)use external rewards to motivate children to practice sport skills.
B)teach children to play one aspect of one sport very well.
C)increase opportunities for players to reaffirm their friendships.
D)add more referees and umpires to control action in games.
Q3) Parental involvement in and concern about youth sports have increased because A)parents today are imitating their own parents' and grandparents' actions.
B)most parents are reliving their childhoods through their children.
C)sport programs demand that parents come to practices and games.
D)parental moral worth is now associated with the success of children.
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Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) Understanding deviance in sports requires an understanding of "the sport ethic." Which of the following beliefs is NOT one of the core norms of the sport ethic?
A)An athlete strives for distinction.
B)An athlete accepts no obstacles in the pursuit of success.
C)An athlete accepts pain but avoids risks.
D)An athlete is dedicated to "the game."
Q2) Historical data suggests that most substance use and abuse among athletes is due to
A)overconformity to the sport ethic among athletes.
B)a lack of dedication among athletes.
C)defective socialization among athletes.
D)a lack of moral character among athletes.
Q3) Research suggests that on-the-field deviance such as cheating and "dirty play" are
A)definitely more common today than in the past.
B)probably less common today than in the past.
C)only found in heavy contact sports.
D)nonexistent among today's athletes.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: How Does It Affect Our Lives
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Q1) Information on violence in women's contact sports suggests that women are
A)genetically predisposed to be less violent than men are.
B)more likely than men to be violent in response to the commands of a coach.
C)less likely than men to use violence as proof of their sexual identity.
D)becoming less violent in sports as rewards for success become greater.
Q2) An investigation of sexual assaults by high school and club coaches in the state of Washington found that
A)nearly all offenses involved male heterosexual coaches victimizing girls.
B)more than half of all assaults were perpetrated by homosexual coaches.
C)every coach who was accused of assault was fired immediately.
D)nearly all reports of sexual misconduct were investigated by the police.
Q3) Instead of saying that commercialization causes violence, the author states that it is more accurate to say that
A)money is the only cause of violence in sports.
B)human beings are instinctively violent.
C)violence is caused by the media.
D)commercialization enables more people to play violent sports.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) The diagram of the two-category classification model indicates that A)men have more latitude in what they can do without being labelled as deviant.
B)normative boundaries for gender are determined by nature and biology.
C)gays and lesbians are considered out of normative bounds.
D)normative boundaries for femininity are seldom questioned or pushed.
Q2) In her book on lesbians and homophobia in sports, author Pat Griffin notes that myths about lesbians have a number of consequences in sports.Which of the following is NOT one of those consequences?
A)A sense of loneliness among many lesbians in sports.
B)Lesbians hiding their identities so they're not harassed or cut from sports.
C)A widespread belief that lesbians can't play sports as well as heterosexuals.
D)The existence of a "don't ask, don't tell" atmosphere in women's sports.
Q3) An emphasis on "cosmetic fitness" and thinness among women can have a negative effect on sport participation because it leads women to A)eat too much protein and not enough carbohydrates to maintain energy.
B)wear clothes that are bulky and restrict movement.
C)play only those sports that involve strength and speed.
D)associate sport participation with losing weight.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity:
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Q1) Research shows that the Latinas who are most apt to play sports in the U.S.are
A)recent immigrants.
B)members of second- and third-generation families.
C)those who want to learn English.
D)those who have rejected Christian religious beliefs.
Q2) The NCAA allowed Florida State University to keep their mascot Chief Osceola and his horse Seminole, because the university
A)funds political action to eliminate poverty among Native Americans.
B)bans the sale of any items containing the image of their chief.
C)has permission from a few tribal representatives to use their name and image.
D)donates profits from "Osceola products" to schools for Seminole children.
Q3) Racial ideology became important to support Jim Crow Laws.These laws
A)made it illegal to hire black workers.
B)forced blacks to stay in southern states.
C)enforced racial segregation in public settings.
D)defined all people from southern Europe as "colored."
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Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Q1) When gender relations and class relations come together in people's lives which category of women is likely to have the highest sport participation rate?
A)Women from low-income households.
B)Women from upper-income households.
C)Women who work outside the home.
D)Women with active children over 8 years old.
Q2) At the same time that public money in cities and states has been used to fund the construction of sport venues
A)the price of tickets has declined except in luxury boxes.
B)fewer average people can afford to buy tickets to see local teams.
C)the taxes generated by those facilities has increased dramatically. d, lasting social unity has been created by sports in those cities and states.
Q3) Quotes from the men interviewed by sociologist Loic Wacquant suggest that participation in professional boxing is best understood in terms of
A)the personalities of those who choose to box.
B)the social context in which people make choices about their lives.
C)the large salaries made by nearly all professional boxers.
D)broken families and absent fathers.
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Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Q1) When using a social model of disability, dealing with disability involves
A)treatment to make a person as normal as possible.
B)efforts to eliminate social and physical barriers that limit participation.
C)developing assistive technologies that eliminate physical impairments.
D)teaching normal people to ignore disabilities and treat everyone as normal.
Q2) Older people tend to prefer sports in which they can focus on
A)performance as an indicator of moral worth.
B)maintaining physical abilities and staying active.
C)using their age to intimidate other competitors.
D)relaxation and an absence of challenges.
Q3) Because of the connotations that come with the labels of "able-bodied" and "disabled," many athletes in the Paralympic Games
A)want to combine the Paralympics and Special Olympics.
B)hide their impairments during competitions.
C)do not describe themselves as disabled.
D)avoid other competitors with similar impairments.
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Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the
Characteristics of Commercial Sports
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Q1) In the box, Extreme Heroic Action, it is noted that professional wrestling is
A)popular only in the U.S.where people are addicted to violence in media.
B)less commercialized than the NFL and other professional sports.
C)the only true form of competition in sports today.
D)an extreme version of the commercialization found in many other sports.
Q2) Data in the chapter show that professional athletes playing in minor league sports
A)usually make less than $5000 per month.
B)make about half of the average salaries in the top professional leagues.
C)make nearly the same as athletes in the top professional leagues.
D)make less than minimum wage in the U.S.and Canada.
Q3) The fact that the U.S.government allows corporations to deduct a portion of sport ticket prices on their tax returns has ultimately served to
A)stabilize ticket prices for the average fan.
B)increase ticket prices for the average fan.
C)make for tickets available to organizations that serve needy children.
D)eliminate the illegal selling of tickets outside of stadiums.
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Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Q1) The major sociological question about the Internet is whether it will A)democratize social life or become an exclusive tool for capitalist expansion. B)replace all other forms of communications technology.
C)undermine the productivity rates of workers worldwide. D)destroy the travel and tourism business worldwide.
Q2) The sport - media relationship in the U.S.is organized so that A)commercial sports no longer depend on the mainstream media.
B)only noncommercial media depend on sports.
C)commercial forms of media and sports depend on each other for profits.
D)neither sports nor the media depend on each other in commercial terms.
Q3) Most media coverage of sports today represents the interests of A)those who control and profit from sports.
B)sport agents and lawyers.
C)the players with the highest celebrity rankings.
D)the companies that advertise on social media sites.
Q4) Tensions between elite athletes and sportswriters has intensified as A)athletes have discovered that they can write their own stories online.
B)salary differences between athletes and sportswriters have increased.
C)journalists have ignored personal information in stories about athletes. D)more sportswriters have come from low-income and minority backgrounds.
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Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence
Sports
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Q1) When government organizations regulate access to sport facilities and make rules about who can play sports under what circumstances, the intent is to
A)improve fitness and health among disadvantaged people.
B)increase the legitimacy of their control over people.
C)safeguard the public order.
D)promote community integration and solidarity.
Q2) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the suggestions for reforming the Olympic Games include
A)selecting a permanent site for the Olympic Games.
B)eliminating all medals and individual awards during the Olympics.
C)promoting the Olympics as "wars without weapons."
D)replacing the current Olympic motto.
Q3) A problem associated with using sports to bridge diplomatic and cultural gaps between peoples of the world is that sports may
A)force economically powerful nations to develop poor nations.
B)encourage developing nations to depend more on wealthy nations.
C)enable powerless nations to take unfair advantage of powerful nations.
D)lead to global migration patterns that upset the stability of all nations.
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Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Q1) Richard Southall and his colleagues at the College Sport Research Center have developed an adjusted graduation gap measure that compares athletes with other full-time students.Their findings indicate that athletes
A)seldom graduate in four years.
B)graduate at the same rate as other full time students but have different majors.
C)consistently graduate at lower rates than other full-time students.
D)are not as interested in graduating as are other full time students.
Q2) The NCAA wants to avoid any situation in which college athletes could be considered employees because
A)this would give college athletes the rights of workers.
B)athletes would then be able to sue football coaches for discrimination.
C)the organization would lose its ability to govern college sports.
D)this would force the government to abolish their enforcement of Title IX.
Q3) Data on race and intercollegiate sports in Division I schools show that
A)black athletes receive over 20% of the scholarships in every college sport.
B)5-percent of all college-age African Americans have athletic scholarships.
C)universities have distorted priorities related to race and education.
D)black faculty outnumber black athletes on most college campuses.
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Chapter 15: Sports and Religions: Is
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Q1) The popularity of sports among men in Islamic nations is often tied to A)the religious beliefs of their fathers.
B)their ideas about modesty and humility.
C)the strength of their commitment to Islamic beliefs.
D)expressions of political and cultural nationalism.
Q2) Because sport participation is based on self-promotion, athletes may sometimes combine sport participation with religious beliefs to
A)give sport participation special spiritual meaning.
B)gain support from fellow believers.
C)decrease the importance of following the direction of coaches.
D)turn sports into forms of social service.
Q3) In sports that are associated with risky lifestyles, athletes sometimes use religion to A)gain endorsement contracts for wholesome products.
B)enable them to take risks without consequences.
C)strengthen their relationships with teammates who have problems.
D)generally stay out of trouble.
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