Philosophy of Mind Test
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Course Introduction
Philosophy of Mind explores the nature of the mind and its relationship to the body, with a focus on issues such as consciousness, intentionality, perception, and mental causation. The course examines major philosophical theories duality, materialism, functionalism, and others alongside contemporary debates about the nature of thought, the mind-body problem, the possibility of artificial intelligence, and the subjective experience. Through critical analysis of classic and modern texts, students gain a deeper understanding of how philosophers have approached questions about the essence of mental phenomena and the status of the mind in the natural world.
Recommended Textbook
Pioneers of Psychology A History 4th Edition by Raymond E. Fancher
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15 Chapters
450 Verified Questions
450 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Descartes' Treatise on the Passions of the Soul (1649)was highly influenced by his correspondence with:
A) Marin Mersenne.
B) Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia.
C) Galileo.
D) William Harvey.
Answer: B
Q2) When Descartes found he could doubt everything except the reality of his doubting itself,he gained immediate reassurance of the:
A) trustworthiness of his senses.
B) immortality of his soul.
C) reality of his rational mind.
D) existence of the material world.
Answer: C
Q3) Descartes believed that animals were:
A) identical to humans in most essential qualities.
B) mechanical automata, lacking consciousness.
C) psychologically similar to human beings, except less complicated.
D) so different from human begins as to be worthless as scientific subjects.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind:
Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we recognize the difference (disagreement)between things,for example differentiating something black from something white,Locke would say we are using what type of knowledge?
A) intuitive knowledge
B) simple knowledge
C) complex knowledge
D) demonstrative knowledge
Answer: A
Q2) In Locke's terminology,sensory impressions such as sounds,colors,temperatures,tastes,and odors are called:
A) primary qualities.
B) secondary qualities.
C) sensitive qualities.
D) simple natures.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A rare condition in which patients' only linguistic symptoms are frequent mispronunciations and an inability to repeat back what has been said to them is called:
A) Broca's aphasia.
B) sensory aphasia.
C) conduction aphasia.
D) oral aphasia.
Answer: C
Q2) If the brain's language areas are damaged in infancy:
A) language functions may develop normally, nonetheless.
B) language functions are unlikely to ever develop.
C) there may be partial recovery, but less than for similar injuries in adults.
D) specialized deficits such as stuttering may result.
Answer: A
Q3) The major deficit of Milner's patient H.M.was that he:
A) could understand language, but could not remember comprehension.
B) could not transfer information from working memory to long-term storage.
C) could not access his procedural memory.
D) could access his declarative memory much faster than normal people.
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant
through the Gestalt Psychologists
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Helmholtz's analysis of the eye,the sharpness of focus within the visual field is:
A) impressively acute only in a very small region near the center.
B) about the same quality as that produced by a good camera lens.
C) impressive evidence of the optical perfection of the eye.
D) uniform throughout the entire field.
Q2) According to Helmholtz's distinction,the discontinuous patches of colored light you experience when viewing a landscape are your ____________________,while the "trees," "grass," and "sky," etc.,you are aware of are_________________.
A) unconscious inferences; conscious inferences
B) perceptions; sensations
C) sensations; perceptions
D) primary colors; perceptions
Q3) The idea that all living things are imbued with an ultimately unanalyzable "life force" is the major tenet of what doctrine?
A) Mechanism
B) Vitalism
C) Conservation of Energy
D) Transcendental Idealism
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why was Wundtian psychology mistakenly characterized for many years in English-speaking countries as "structuralism"?
A) Most of Wundt's writings were never translated into English.
B) His student Titchener emphasized only those aspects of his theory that were consistent with structuralism.
C) Most of Wundt's students were American and they emphasized the "structural" as opposed to the "functional" aspects of his theories.
D) both a and b above
Q2) Structuralism was an approach to experimental psychology that:
A) focused on the function of the mind rather than the biology of the brain.
B) focused on what the mind is rather than what the mind is for.
C) was completely in keeping with the Wundtian framework.
D) focused solely on physiology, omitting subjective introspection.
Q3) In Wundt's theory,a creative synthesis accompanies acts of:
A) perception.
B) apperception.
C) unconscious inference.
D) both a and b above
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Chapter 6: The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy
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Q1) _____________________became known as "Darwin's Bulldog" and staunchly supported Darwin's theory in a celebrated 1860 debate with the Bishop of Oxford.
A) Herbert Spencer
B) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C) Thomas H. Huxley
D) Charles Lyell
Q2) A recently developed approach hypothesizing that the unit of evolution is the individual gene,rather than the individual organism or the group is called:
A) social Darwinism.
B) sociobiology.
C) evolutionary psychology.
D) behavior genetics.
Q3) Adam Sedgwick and John Stevens Henslow influenced young Darwin in which of the following ways?
A) They taught him botany and geology at Cambridge.
B) They were favorably disposed to evolutionary theories.
C) They persuaded Darwin's father to allow him to go on the Beagle.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 7: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences
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Q1) According to Galton's data in Hereditary Genius,which kinds of relatives are most likely to share the trait of eminence?
A) any relatives of the first three degrees, so long as they have similar environments
B) uncles and nephews
C) grandfathers and grandsons
D) brothers
Q2) Although Galton is best known to psychologists for his work on behavior genetics,statistical methods,and intelligence testing,he also contributed importantly to:
A) meteorology.
B) computer science.
C) geology.
D) social influence theory.
Q3) The phrase "nature and nurture" was introduced and popularized by:
A) de Candolle in History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries.
B) Darwin in Origin of Species.
C) Galton in English Men of Science.
D) Newman, Freeman and Holzinger in their study of separated twins.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike
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Sample Questions
Q1) James's theory of emotion holds that emotions are:
A) the causes of internal bodily changes.
B) the perceptions of internal bodily changes.
C) unstable glandular responses to fleeting external stimuli.
D) the result of specific chemical secretions in the body.
Q2) ___________ was a Wundt?trained German psychologist recruited to Harvard by William James in 1892 to take over main responsibility for Psychology.
A) Hugo Münsterberg
B) E. B. Titchener
C) Hermann Ebbinghaus
D) Max Wertheimer
Q3) The finding that when certain stimulus?response sequences are followed by pleasure they are strengthened,and when followed by annoyance or pain they tend to be "stamped out" exemplifies:
A) Thorndike's Law of effect.
B) Calkins's Paired Associates relationship.
C) Hall's Law of reinforced learning.
D) The James-Lange Theory of emotion.
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Chapter 9: Psychology as the Science of Behavior:
Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner
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Q1) Skinner's utopian novel Walden Two describes a society:
A) governed by the principles of classical liberal political theory.
B) whose members' behavior is partly controlled by chemicals.
C) whose members' behavior is completely determined by positive reinforcement.
D) whose members' behavior is completely controlled by judicious use of positive and negative reinforcement.
Q2) ___________________________conditioning is typically measured in terms of response latency or magnitude,while __________________conditioning is measured in terms of response rate.
A) operant; respondent
B) respondent; operant
C) respondent; Pavlovian
D) Skinnerian; Pavlovian
Q3) Watson found Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept useful in his own work because:
A) it was a properly objective technique that he could apply to many other learning situations besides the salivary reflex.
B) it explained a great deal about the nature of the brain.
C) it showed the value of precise measurements in psychological experiments.
D) both a and b above
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Social Influence and Social Psychology: From
Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond
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Q1) The ancient Greeks believed hysteria was caused by:
A) malingering.
B) an excess of overheated humours in the brain.
C) the wandering of the uterus to inappropriate body parts.
D) after-effects of traumatic experiences.
Q2) In the aftermath of the furor aroused by his obedience research,Stanley Milgram conducted studies of which of the following?
A) the "small world" phenomenon
B) what happens "when prophecy fails"
C) the "prisoner's dilemma"
D) the "lost in the mall" memory reconstruction
Q3) Which of the following was one of the pioneers in the use of mesmerism as a surgical anaesthetic?
A) Jean Charcot
B) The Marquis de Puységur
C) Gustave Le Bon
D) James Esdaile
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its
Successors
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Q1) Partly influenced by his new theory of dreams,Freud came to believe that the "seduction memories" related to him by his hysterical patients were really:
A) reflections of sexual wishes.
B) memories of real sexual mistreatment.
C) musings not to be taken seriously.
D) stories their parents had told them.
Q2) A draft manuscript,unpublished during Freud's lifetime,which he wrote in 1895 and which gives his model of the mind in neurological terms,is called:
A) Project for a Scientific Psychology.
B) The Unconscious.
C) The Interpretation of Dreams.
D) The Ego and the Id.
Q3) At the beginning of his medical career,Freud specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of:
A) schizophrenia.
B) neurotic conditions.
C) poliomyelitis.
D) organic brain conditions.
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Chapter 12: Psychology Gets "Personality":
Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field
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Q1) What was a major idea that Maslow got from his interaction with Max Wertheimer?
A) the importance of peak experiences
B) the importance of "insight learning"
C) the need for a more positive psychology
D) all of the above
Q2) Abraham Maslow's original enthusiasm for becoming a psychologist was aroused by:
A) Gordon Allport's writings on personality.
B) John B. Watson's behaviorism.
C) Max Wertheimer's Gestalt psychology.
D) E. B. Titchener's structuralism.
Q3) Abraham Maslow recalled that his own early life:
A) was full of obstacles to be overcome, which made him particularly receptive to the ideas of Alfred Adler.
B) was generally happy and secure, so he could easily pursue the "higher" needs from his hierarchy.
C) was characterized by strong sibling rivalry, which made him receptive to psychoanalytic theory.
D) was very unhappy, leading him to wonder where his mature, "positive psychology" ever came from.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a teenager and university student,Jean Piaget's formal training was primarily in the fields of:
A) philosophy and mathematics.
B) natural science and malacology.
C) psychology and history.
D) politics and law.
Q2) When Binet measured the reaction times of his young daughters he found:
A) their responses were slower than those of adults.
B) their responses were quicker than those of retarded children.
C) their responses were quicker than those of adults.
D) their responses were variable, depending on how well they paid attention to the task.
Q3) Binet would probably have been skeptical about all of the following developments in intelligence testing except:
A) Piaget's discovery of the cognitive stages.
B) the invention of "IQ" to summarize the results of a test.
C) the concept of general intelligence.
D) the use of his test for measuring superior levels of intelligence.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology
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Q1) Who among the following was not one of the leaders in establishing a new cognitive psychology in the 1950s and 1960s?
A) George Miller
B) Jerome Bruner
C) Ulric Neisser
D) Alan Turing
Q2) Neisser's conception of Cognitive Psychology,as presented in his original textbook of that name,emphasized which of the following topics?
A) information processing
B) computer science
C) Gestalt psychology
D) artificial intelligence
Q3) The technology employed by Pascal in his "Pascaline" resembled which more modern mechanism?
A) an automobile odometer
B) a digital watch
C) a water clock
D) a self-winding watch
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Chapter 15: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) The formal organization of clinical psychology shortly after World War II occurred in large part because:
A) industrial psychology was not proving to be useful.
B) there were too many applied psychologists.
C) the need for mental health services and trained professionals became a national priority.
D) the American Psychological Association insisted that clinical psychology was not a profession unless there was a formal training and credentialing program.
Q2) One biographical factor that played a role in Witmer's focus on children with special needs was:
A) his early work as a teacher.
B) his own childhood upbringing.
C) his work with Wundt at Leipzig.
D) the fact that he had a sibling with a learning disability.
Q3) Gilbreth Inc.consulted in all of the following areas except
A) sanitary napkin packaging.
B) kitchen engineering.
C) military consulting.
D) toothbrush engineering.
Page 17
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