Philosophy of Human Nature Question
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Course Introduction
Philosophy of Human Nature explores fundamental questions about what it means to be human. The course examines classic and contemporary views on the nature of the self, personal identity, the mind-body problem, human freedom, and moral responsibility. Through the study of philosophical texts and cross-disciplinary perspectives, students critically analyze debates about rationality, emotions, social influences, and the role of culture and biology in shaping human nature. The course encourages the development of critical thinking and philosophical reasoning skills relevant to understanding ourselves and our place in the world.
Recommended Textbook
Philosophy A Text with Readings 12th Edition by Manuel Velasquez
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9 Chapters
431 Verified Questions
431 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Nature of Philosophy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea of karma can combine
A) Rightness and wrongness
B) Determinism and freedom
C) The whole and the part
D) Life and death
Answer: B
Q2) ____________________ means "the study of knowledge".
Answer: Epistemology
Q3) The belief that there is just one God is
A) Pantheism
B) Agnosticism
C) Monotheism
D) Heresy
Answer: C
Q4) ____________________ is the study of the most general characteristics of reality.
Answer: Metaphysics
Q5) The freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe is called ____________________.
Answer: autonomy
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Chapter 2: Human Nature
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Sample Questions
Q1) What,for Plato,was an eternal and perfect ideal that existed in an unchanging heaven?
A) Forms
B) Souls
C) Reason
D) Spirit
Answer: A
Q2) If we are genetically inclined to be selfish,does this justify our selfishness or merely explain it? Explain your answer.
Answer: The fact that we may be genetically inclined to be selfish does not justify our selfishness. While our genetic predispositions may explain why we have certain tendencies, they do not excuse or justify harmful behavior. It is important to recognize and understand our genetic inclinations, but it is equally important to strive to overcome them and act in ways that are considerate and empathetic towards others. Ultimately, our actions are our own responsibility, regardless of our genetic predispositions. Therefore, while genetics may explain our selfish tendencies, it does not justify them. We should strive to be mindful of our actions and work towards being more selfless and compassionate individuals.
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Chapter 3: Reality and Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Objective idealism accounts for the ____________________ of our experiences. Answer: regularity steadiness
Q2) Charles S.Pierce was concerned with the psychological effects of ideas. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The statement,"All bachelors are unmarried." is a(n)
A) analytical statement.
B) synthetic statement.
C) meaningless statement.
D) empirical statement.
Answer: A
Q4) According to James,pragmatism looks towards ____________________ things. Answer: last
Q5) In what way might our language be said to create our world? Drawing on your answer to this question,what practical implications do you think it could have¾if any¾for social change? If you believe that your answer has no such implications,explain why.
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 4: Philosophy, Religion, and God
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Sample Questions
Q1) The notion of "specified complexity" is a term identified with which position?
A) anti-religious evolutionists
B) philosophical Darwinists
C) intelligent design theorists
D) perspectivalism
Q2) ____________________ denies the major claims of all varieties of theism.
Q3) Do you believe that religion should be reason-based,faith-based,or experience-based? In answering this question take care both to justify your view,and also to explain what the differences between these approaches are.
Q4) By "option" James meant a choice between beliefs that may be proposed to us.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Ninian Smart suggests that religion has four dimensions.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Tillich contends that instead of viewing God as a being we should view him as
Q7) The Second Noble Truth identifies the source of the suffering that we experience in living as ____________________.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Sources of Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what way does Descartes' rationalism require the existence of a benevolent God? Do you believe that Descartes has successfully established the existence of this God,or do you think that his arguments for God's existence are circular,resting as they do on his "clear and distinct" perceptions whose veridicality seems to be given by God's benevolence?
Q2) How might the event described in Bierce's "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" be used to undermine empiricism?
Q3) ____________________ refers to the processes of seeing,hearing,smelling,touching,and tasting.
Q4) In what way does Kant's account of knowledge combine elements of both rationalism and empiricism? Do you believe that Kant is successful in overcoming Humean skepticism? Explain your answer.
Q5) "All triangles have three sides" is an example of a(n)____ statement.
A) analytic
B) synthetic
C) a posteriori
D) analytic a posteriori
Q6) ____________________ is the view that only I exist and that everything else is just a creation of my subjective consciousness.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Truth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Austin held that we could use a language to talk with each other even if there were no rules governing its use.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the ____________________ theory of truth a belief is (true) if it coheres with other beliefs that we regard as (true).
Q3) Outline the two ways in which God and right acts might be related,according to the Euthyphro dialogue discussed in Chapter 1.If we believe that acts are right because God loves them,how do we know which acts are right acts? How might the problem of interpretation be relevant to the most obvious answer to this question?
Q4) According to the ____ theory of truth,a belief is true if it is,or can be,integrated within the framework of all the other beliefs that we already accept as true.
A) pragmatic
B) foundationalist
C) coherence
D) correspondence
Q5) Statements or sentences express the contents of our ____________________.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The second version of the categorical imperative says A) treat people as an end and never as a means only.
B) decide if the consequences of your action would make people happy.
C) ask yourself if you would want everyone to follow your example.
D) think about how you would feel if people knew what you did.
Q2) A consequentialist theory measures the morality of an action by its ____________________ consequences.
Q3) The view that only pleasure is worth having for its own sake is A) Hedonism
B) Consequentialism
C) Egoism
D) Deontology
Q4) Do you believe that an Aristotelian virtue ethicist is committed to being concerned with the virtue of caring? If so,in what way would Aristotle's views need to be revised¾if at all? If not,explain why not.
Q5) Carol Gilligan criticized the model of stages of moral development developed by ____________________.
Q6) Bentham developed a(n)____________________ calculus.
Q7) John Finnis endorses ____________________ ____________________ ethics.
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Chapter 8: Social and Political Philosophy
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Sample Questions
Q1) God's decrees for the governance of the universe was termed by Aquinas divine or ____________________ law.
Q2) Who held that justice consisted of each person doing the job appropriate to their class?
A) Rawls
B) Sandel
C) Aristotle
D) Plato
Q3) Who is being quoted in this passage? "Benefits and burdens are distributed justly when society allows every individual the freedom to do what he chooses to do for himself or for others,the freedom to keep what he makes for himself or what others choose to give him,and the freedom to keep what he has or give it to whomever he chooses."
A) John Rawls
B) Karl Marx
C) John Stuart Mill
D) Robert Nozick
Q4) Zeno rejected Stoicism.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Postscript: The Meaning of Life
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Q1) ____________________ has argued that history is no longer progressing towards any goal.
Q2) Who claimed that "the one serious question in philosophy" is that of whether life has meaning?
A) Camus
B) Sartre
C) Heidegger
D) Plato
Q3) For Marx,the more perfect world would be a world without
A) racial divisions.
B) slavery.
C) economic classes.
D) division of labor.
Q4) Who said,"So the ultimate purpose of human beings is to know God"?
A) Leo Tolstoy
B) Thomas Aquinas
C) Albert Camus
D) Georg W. F. Hegel
Q5) Kierkegaard described three lifestyles,which he called ethical,religious,and
11
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