Philosophy 101
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Philosophy 101 introduces students to the fundamental questions, concepts, and methods of philosophy. Through the examination of classic and contemporary texts, students will explore topics such as the nature of knowledge, reality, morality, and human existence. The course encourages critical thinking and reasoned argumentation while addressing issues like free will, the mind-body problem, ethical decision-making, and the justification of beliefs. Students will gain a foundational understanding of major branches of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and logic, providing a basis for further study in the discipline.
Recommended Textbook
Philosophy A Text with Readings 12th Edition by Manuel Velasquez
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9 Chapters
431 Verified Questions
431 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Nature of Philosophy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What philosopher argued that service toward others is our primary moral duty?
A) Aristotle
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Plato
D) Harry Browne
Answer: B
Q2) The freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe is called ____________________.
Answer: autonomy
Q3) Socrates claimed that he had a(n)____________________ to obey the law. Answer: obligation
Q4) The view of philosophy as the activity of examining our assumptions and beliefs about ourselves and the universe around us was expressed by
A) Plato
B) Perictione
C) Aristotle
D) Buddha
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Human Nature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who said that men possess "a powerful measure of desire for aggressiveness"?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Socrates
C) Plato
D) Jeremy Bentham
Answer: A
Q2) In behaviorism,our consciousness seems to have disappeared.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Bad faith,according to Jean-Paul Sartre,is deceiving ourselves by pretending we are free.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Existentialism emphasizes the free and conscious individual.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Reality and Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) The view that whatever I perceive is merely one of my perceptions or a collection of them is known as
A) Subjective idealism
B) Objective idealism
C) Subjective materialism
D) Objective materialism
Answer: A
Q2) Newton believed that all material bodies in the universe were governed by universal laws of nature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The view that there are many realities and that realities are constructed by the many languages of the cultures and subcultures is called A) pragmatism.
B) existentialism.
C) postmodernism.
D) realism.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Philosophy, Religion, and God
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Q1) Tillich contends that instead of viewing God as a being we should view him as
Q2) Aquinas offered a version of the cosmological argument.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An argument by analogy is a(n)
A) deductive argument.
B) inductive argument.
C) valid argument.
D) sound argument.
Q4) Which statement best characterizes John Hick's position?
A) The reason God allows suffering in this life is to punish us when we have gone astray.
B) A good God would make our life completely free of pain.
C) God is dead.
D) A world without suffering would be unsatisfactory and people could not develop into virtuous beings.
Q5) The Third Noble Truth concerns the ending of samsara.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Sources of Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) Empiricism is the view that ____________________ can be obtained only through sense experience.
Q2) Descartes believed that our knowledge of was derived from our senses.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Personal memory,according to your textbook,is
A) our ability to remember how to do something that we learned in the past.
B) is our ability to remember all the facts that make up our knowledge of the world.
C) our ability to bring into our present consciousness a representation of events that we directly experienced in the past.
D) our ability to bring into our present consciousness a representation of imaginary beings.
Q4) The British empiricists,according to your text,are
A) John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume
B) Plato, Rene Descartes and John Locke
C) Gottfried Leibniz, John Locke and David Hume
D) Plato, Gottfried Leibniz and George Berkeley
Q5) ____________________ developed the view that is now known as transcendental idealism.
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Chapter 6: Truth
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Q1) What philosopher wrote: "A text is understood only if it is understood in a different way every time."?
A) Hans-Georg Gadamer
B) Ludwig Wittgenstein
C) David Hume
D) Immanuel Kant
Q2) What contemporary philosopher argues that truth is whatever has passed society's "procedures of justification"?
A) Richard Rorty
B) Bertrand Russell
C) John Locke
D) Alfred Tarski
Q3) According to the ____ theory of truth a statement is true if it is useful to believe.
A) pragmatic
B) coherence
C) foundationalist
D) correspondence
Q4) ____________________ hold that truth adds nothing to our statements.
Q5) Statements or sentences express the contents of our ____________________.
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Chapter 7: Ethics
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Q1) What philosopher argues that sexual activities are unnatural and immoral when they deny a basic good without necessity and do so for the sake of sexual pleasure?
A) John Finnis
B) James Rachel
C) Donald Levy
D) Jeremy Bentham
Q2) Aristotle endorsed:
A) Deontological ethics
B) Virtue ethics
C) Consequentialist ethics
D) Divine command ethics
Q3) Plato discussed three active principles in each person: reason,spirit,and anger.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Aquinas defended the principle of double effect.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Bentham developed a(n)____________________ calculus.
Q6) John Finnis endorses ____________________ ____________________ ethics.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Social and Political Philosophy
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Q1) Do you believe that the state should provide "public goods"¾goods that can be used by as many people as wish to use them without any diminution in their availability,and which you cannot exclude people from using? (One example of such a good is the light from lighthouses.)If yes,would you force people to pay for these goods through taxation,even if they did not want them? If no,how else could such goods ever be provided,given their nature?
Q2) What philosopher argues that in a just society work burdens should be distributed according to people's abilities,and benefits should be distributed according to people's needs?
A) Georg W. F. Hegel
B) Karl Marx
C) Plato
D) John Rawls
Q3) In opposition to social contract theory,David Hume argued
A) the government must have absolute power in order to avoid chaos.
B) the government derives its authority from God.
C) there is no legitimate authority for government.
D) governments are formed by conquest or succession.
Q4) ____________________ ____________________ is the philosophical study of society and its problems.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Postscript: The Meaning of Life
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Q1) The view that there is no larger whole or part to which we can contribute is
A) Communism
B) Virtue ethics
C) Socialism
D) Nihilism
Q2) Kierkegaard described three lifestyles.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In this chapter,which of the following philosophers argued that the nihilist response is mistaken?
A) R. M. Hare
B) Karl Marx
C) Georg Hegel
D) Albert Camus
Q4) Richard Taylor believes that life has no meaning.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Should we endorse the nihilist response to the question of whether life has any meaning? If we should,does this undercut any reason that we might have for living? Explain your answer here.If we should not,explain why.
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