Pharmacology for Respiratory Therapists
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of pharmacological principles and their specific applications in the field of respiratory care. Students will learn about various drug classes used in the management of respiratory diseases, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mucolytics, and antibiotics. Emphasis is placed on drug mechanisms of action, administration routes, therapeutic effects, side effects, and potential interactions. The course also includes discussion on relevant calculation of dosages, monitoring drug responses, and patient education, equipping respiratory therapists with the knowledge and skills necessary for safe and effective pharmacological interventions in clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions 7th Edition by Ruth Woodrow
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27 Chapters
675 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Consumer Safety and Drug Regulations
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Q1) Drugs on which schedule may have prescriptions written out by a health care practitioner,but must be signed by the physician?
A)2 (C-II)
B)3 (C-III)
C)1 (C-I)
D)4 (C-IV)
Answer: D
Q2) To which schedule do mescaline and ecstasy belong?
A)4 (C-IV)
B)1 (C-I)
C)3 (C-III)
D)2 (C-II)
Answer: B
Q3) What agency was established by the Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act?
A)The Schedule of Controlled Substances Oversight Committee
B)The United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary
C)The Drug Enforcement Administration
D)The Food and Drug Administration
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Drug Names and References
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Q1) Your father recently had a heart attack,and has been told by his doctor to take a low dose of aspirin every day to prevent the formation of blood clots that might cause him to have another.The aspirin is being used as a(n) .
A)analgesic
B)thrombolytic agent
C)antipyretic
D)anti-inflammatory
Answer: B
Q2) Ice cream names such as chocolate,vanilla,and strawberry are similar to .
A)chemical drug names
B)official drug names
C)generic drug names
D)trade drug names
Answer: C
Q3) Trade names are assigned by the .
A)manufacturer before development begins
B)manufacturer when the drug is first submitted to the FDA for approval
C)FDA after the drug is tested and approved
D)manufacturer after the drug has been tested and approved by the FDA
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Sources and Bodily Effects of Drugs
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Q1) Your friend has recently had a baby,and visits her doctor because of a terribly sinus infection.The doctor wants to know whether she is breastfeeding her baby.What drug process is of concern?
A)absorption
B)distribution
C)metabolism
D)excretion
Answer: B
Q2) After experiencing several dangerous blood clots,Blair is prescribed an anticoagulant.She initially takes high doses to get her blood levels of the anticoagulant up as quickly as possible,and then is placed on a lower dose for the foreseeable future.This latter,lower dose is referred to as a .
A)routine dose
B)standard dose
C)maintenance dose
D)loading dose
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Medication Preparations and Supplies
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Q1) In preparation for abdominal surgery,Alex is given a rectally administered suspension of medication.This is known as a(n)____.
A)subcolonic
B)enema
C)suppository
D)douche
Q2) Tonya takes her bronchidilator using a nebulizer.What is the route of administration?
A)intraspinal
B)intravenous
C)intradermal
D)inhaled
Q3) A medication is provided in a unit dose vial.What does this indicate?
A)The vial has been repackaged by a hospital pharmacy.
B)Each vial contains only a single dose.
C)The vial must contain insulin,which is measured in units.
D)The vial contains multiple units,each of which is a single dose.
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Chapter 5: Abbreviations and Systems of Measurement
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Q1) The primary problem with the household measuring system is that it is .
A)difficult to understand
B)difficult to implement
C)inaccurate
D)obsolete
Q2) You are reviewing Dr.Casey's instructions and see the abbreviation d/c.What does d/c mean?
A)discontinue
B)double the dose
C)the notes were dictated
D)use the capsule form of the drug
Q3) You have misplaced the medication cup for measuring out a dose of 15 ml of medicated mouthwash.You do,however,have measuring spoons and cups for household measurement.Using your household measuring cups and spoons,how much should you take?
A)one teaspoon
B)two teaspoons
C)two tablespoons
D)one tablespoon
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Chapter 6: Safe Dosage Preparation
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Q1) A trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole suspension contains 40 mg / 5 mL.The order is for 120 mg.If you use the ratio and proportion method,the formula should be set up as follows: .
A)5 mL : 120 mg : 40 mg : X mL
B)120 mg : 40 mg = 5 mL : X mL
C)40 mg : X mL = 120 mg : 5 mL
D)40 mg : 5 mL = 120 mg : X mL
Q2) In the basic method formula,Q refers to the .
A)conversion factor
B)ratio of the desired to the available dose
C)quantity of the on hand dose
D)quantity of the desired dose
Q3) An order calls for 300 mg of diphenhydramine and you have capsules that contain 75 mg of diphenhydramine.If you use the basic method,what is OH?
A)total number of capsules
B)one capsule
C)300 mg
D)75 mg
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Chapter 7: Responsibilities and Principles of Drug Administration
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Q1) What is the ultimate goal of safe medication administration?
A)Maximize the effectiveness of the drug with the least discomfort to the patient.
B)Do no harm.
C)Ensure the proper dose is given at the proper time to the proper patient.
D)Cure disease or minimize symptoms if a cure is not possible.
Q2) Mrs.Chen is an older woman who can sometimes be contrary about taking her medication.One morning,she refuses to take her medication,which includes drugs for her high blood pressure,Type 2 diabetes,and seizure disorder.What should you do?
A)Withhold her breakfast and any scheduled activities until she takes her medication.
B)Return the medication to the medication room,make a note of her refusal in the chart,and notify the physician if appropriate.
C)Tell her you will have to give her shots if she does not take her medication.
D)Leave the medications on her bed table.She will eventually take them and then likely show you the empty pill cup.
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Chapter 8: Administration by the Gastrointestinal Route
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Q1) Newborn Lars has a mitochondrial disorder that causes lack of muscle tone,the inability to nurse,and the potential of not being able to safely eat or drink by mouth long-term.What is the approach of choice for nutrition when a patient will be unable to eat for a prolonged period of time?
A)IV nutrition
B)nasogastric tube
C)gastric tube
D)total parenteral nutrition
Q2) The medication you are to administer via a nasogastric tube must be taken on an empty stomach.You know that your patient is receiving feedings as well as medication through his nasogastric tube.What should you do?
A)Stop the tube feeding for 30 to 60 minutes,depending on the medication.
B)Stop the tube feeding and periodically aspirate stomach contents until you know the stomach is empty.
C)Contact the physician and request a different medication that does not require an empty stomach.
D)Go ahead with the medication administration without stopping the tube feeding.
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Chapter 9: Administration by the Parenteral Route
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Q1) Larger syringes may have a metal attachment at the tip that fastens the needle securely to the syringe.This device is called a(n) .
A)Carpuject
B)Z-ject
C)Luer-Lok
D)safety cap
Q2) What type of needles should be recapped?
A)used
B)sterile
C)all needles
D)safety
Q3) Patients using hand-held nebulizers can reduce their risk of infection by .
A)including an antibiotic in the nebulizer
B)properly cleaning the nebulizer every day
C)resisting the urge to cough after treatment
D)hyperventilating to ensure full absorption in the lungs
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Chapter 10: Poison Control Part II: Drug Classifications
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Q1) External poisons should be flushed from the eyes using a continuous stream of water for .
A)10 minutes
B)5 minutes
C)30 minutes
D)20 minutes
Q2) The pediatrician has prescribed an antibiotic suspension for three-year-old Lianne.Lianne is excited that the antibiotic is bright pink and tastes like sweet bubble gum.What should her parents tell her?
A)They should express their excitement along with her.
B)They should praise her for taking her medication like a big girl.
C)They should not say anything to her,but ask for another medication that doesn't take as good.
D)They should explain that it is taken for her health and only as directed by a physician.
Q3) First aid for snake bites should include .
A)keeping the victim upright and moving to prevent loss of consciousness
B)rubbing the site vigorously with ice
C)use of a tight tourniquet
D)transporting the victim,lying down,to an emergency facility
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs
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Q1) Headache,flushing,and burning sensations of face,neck,and chest and postural hypotension are associated with high doses of .
A)thiamine
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)folate
Q2) Mr.Illyich is a 58-year-old chronic alcoholic who is seen at the clinic with glossitis,cheilosis,dermatitis,and photophobia.What is a possible diagnosis?
A)thiamine deficiency
B)cobalamin overdose
C)pyridoxine overdose
D)riboflavin deficiency
Q3) Postmenopausal women may benefit from supplemental .
A)folate
B)potassium
C)vitamin E
D)calcium
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Chapter 12: Skin Medications
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Q1) Overuse or extended use of antibacterial agents can lead to .
A)addiction
B)dependence
C)paradoxical reactions
D)resistance
Q2) Collagenase is a(n) .
A)anti-acne agent
B)enzymatic agent
C)antipruritic
D)scabicide
Q3) Yasmine suffers a second degree burn on her arm in a kitchen accident.The doctor at the emergency room gives her a prescription for silver sulfadiazine cream.What is the action of this cream?
A)decreasing itchiness
B)infection prevention and treatment
C)reducing scar formation
D)pain control
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Chapter 13: Autonomic Nervous System Drugs
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Q1) Hadley has a terrible nose bleed and her father takes her to the urgent care center.While there,she is administered an adrenergic drug.Adrenergics may be used to treat persistent severe nose bleeds because they .
A)have a calming effect
B)constrict capillaries
C)increase blood pressure
D)slow heart rate
Q2) Atropine is a(n) .
A)cholinergic
B)beta blocker
C)adrenergic
D)anticholinergic
Q3) Bethanechol is a(n) .
A)anticholinergic
B)beta blocker
C)cholinergic
D)adrenergic
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15
Chapter 14: Antineoplastic Drugs
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Q1) Jessica has advanced ovarian cancer and fluid is building up in her abdomen.She is hospitalized and radiogold is injected into her abdomen.What piece of knowledge should those caring for her have?
A)Care providers should not be concerned about exposure risk because the radiogold is administered by injection.
B)Only women beyond reproductive age should be allowed to care for Jessica.
C)Care providers should wear lead-lined aprons when within five feet of Jessica.
D)Gowns and gloves should be worn when handling patient excreta such as feces,urine,and body secretions.
Q2) What type of drug is used as primary hormonal therapy for metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in both men and postmenopausal women,as well as for palliative treatment?
A)antitumor antibiotic
B)antimetabolite
C)antiandrogen
D)antiestrogen
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Chapter 15: Urinary System Drugs
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Q1) Roger is taking a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that has a lower risk of hypersensitivity reactions than allopurinol,but a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events.What is the medication?
A)febuxostat
B)colchicine
C)tolterodine
D)probenecid
Q2) Parker is given colchicine during his acute grout attack.What is the action of colchicine?
A)It decreases uric acid clearance.
B)It relieves inflammation.
C)It decreases pain.
D)It increases uric acid production.
Q3) Earl is unable to tolerate his medication for chronic gout and is switched to a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.How do xanthine oxidase inhibitors act?
A)By decreasing serum and urinary levels of uric acid
B)By decreasing inflammation
C)By decreasing pain
D)By increasing uric acid formation
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Gastrointestinal Drugs
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Q1) Pedro is stunned when he suddenly becomes violently dizzy,falls against the wall,and is nauseated.His doctor rules out infections and other possible causes and diagnoses Pedro with vertigo.What antiemetic is indicated for use with vertigo?
A)dimenhydrinate
B)meclizine
C)mesalamine
D)lubiprostone
Q2) Cece has been taking antacids for acid indigestion nearly every day for years.She reasons that they would not be sold over-the-counter,right next to toothpaste and eyeliner,if they were not safe.Is Cece's use of antacids safe?
A)Probably not.Antacids may interact with some medications,but if Cece is not taking those,she is safe.
B)Yes.Antacids are very safe and Cece has nothing to worry about.
C)Possibly.The use of antacids for more than two weeks may mask signs of gastrointestinal bleeding or cancer.
D)No.Chronic use of antacids typically produces a paradoxical reaction that causes increases in stomach cancers.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Anti-Infective Drugs
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Q1) Organisms that no longer respond to anti-infectives that used to be effective are said to be .
A)nosocomial
B)antigenic
C)immune
D)resistant
Q2) Reyna's urinary tract infection is successfully treated with an antibiotic,but in the course of treatment,she develops both diarrhea and vaginitis.This suggests a(n) .
A)hypersensitivity reaction
B)direct toxicity
C)antibiotic resistance
D)superinfection
Q3) Bretta visits her doctor with the symptoms of a urinary tract infection and the doctor orders a C&S.What can be learned from this procedure?
A)whether Bretta is allergic to any antibiotics
B)how long Bretta has had the infection
C)whether Bretta actually has an infection or is malingering
D)the agent causing the infection and what antibiotic(s)will be effective
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Chapter 18: Eye Medications
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Q1) Julian has just been diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma and medications are prescribed.Is he likely to have a prescription for miotics?
A)Perhaps,but only if he is about to have surgery.
B)Yes.Miotics are essential in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
C)No.Miotics are not used for either type of glaucoma.
D)No.Miotics are considered third-line therapy due to side effects.
Q2) May has been diagnosed with glaucoma and is told she will be taking medications for the rest of her life.What is the primary function of antiglaucoma drugs?
A)increase of aqueous humor production
B)reduction of intraocular pressure
C)reduction of inflammation
D)protection of the cornea
Q3) Jose has angle-closure glaucoma and is about to have surgery.What IV antiglaucoma medication might he be given pre-operatively?
A)latanoprost
B)acetazolamide
C)brimonidine
D)timolol
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Analgesics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics
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Q1) Landen has peripheral neuropathy from cancer chemotherapy.After his pain is not well controlled with just analgesics,his physician suggests the use of a tricyclic antidepressant as an adjuvant.What drug might he be given?
A)gabapentin
B)amitriptyline
C)carbamazepine
D)venlafaxine
Q2) Chiara has poorly controlled pain from diabetic neuropathy.What serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor might be given as an adjuvant?
A)nortriptyline
B)carbamazepine
C)duloxetine
D)pregabalin
Q3) Maggie,aged 77,occasionally takes diphenhydramine to help her sleep.Is there any reason for concern?
A)Yes.Because of her age,she is much more likely to have a hypertensive crisis.
B)Yes.Because of her age,she may be more prone to side effects like confusion.
C)No.This medication is considered safe for people of any age.
D)Probably not,but she should be monitored for indications of addiction.
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Psychotropic Medications, Alcohol, and Drug Abuse
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Q1) Spencer is taking a tricyclic antidepressant and complains of a dry mouth,drowsiness,and urinary retention.What property of tricyclics accounts for these side effects?
A)potentiation of norepinephrine
B)potentiation of serotonin
C)anticholinergic
D)antiandrogenergic
Q2) Jai has become psychologically dependent on marijuana.What term is applicable when only psychological dependence is involved?
A)abuse
B)habituation
C)addiction
D)tolerance
Q3) Jillian is taking an antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine.This medication is most likely to be .
A)doxepin
B)isocarboxazid
C)venlafaxine
D)citalopram
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Chapter 21: Musculoskeletal and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
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Q1) Cayden is using a diclofenac patch for pain from his recent knee injury.How does the patch compare to oral medications?
A)Drug interactions are more common with the patch.
B)Concentrations in joint tissues are higher with the patch.
C)Serious adverse effects are more common with with the patch.
D)Concentrations in blood are higher with the patch.
Q2) Lincoln has rheumatoid arthritis and a history of gastrointestinal bleeds.What characteristic of COX-2 inhibitors is important for Lincoln?
A)COX-2 inhibitors increase production of the prostaglandin that is good for the heart.
B)COX-2 inhibitors decrease production of the prostaglandin that is good for the heart,but not the one that is harmful.
C)COX-2 inhibitors increase production of the prostaglandin that is harmful for the heart,but not the one that is beneficial.
D)COX-2 inhibitors decrease production of the prostaglandins that are good and bad for the heart.
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Chapter 22: Anticonvulsants, Antiparkinsonian Drugs, and Agents for Alzheimers Disease
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Q1) Kyla has seizures in which the onset is limited to one cerebral hemisphere and involve no loss of consciousness.This type of seizure is called .
A)complex partial
B)atypical
C)generalized
D)simple partial
Q2) Felipe has just been diagnosed with Alzheimer's and is terrified about what will happen to him.What cholinesterase inhibitor may delay symptoms?
A)entacapone
B)amantadine
C)rivastigmine
D)memantine
Q3) Maeve has Parkinson's with marked bradykinesia which has not been well-controlled with medications typically prescribed for mild Parkinson's.What medication might help her?
A)Eldepryl
B)Sinemet
C)Azilect
D)Neupro
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Chapter 23: Endocrine System Drugs
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Q1) Ayla has a severe allergic reaction and is treated with corticosteroids.What gland produces corticosteroids?
A)adrenal
B)pituitary
C)islets of Langerhans
D)thyroid
Q2) Martina is being treated for hypothyroidism with a synthetic T4 replacement.What is the advantage of this approach?
A)It blocks the enzymes responsible for metabolizing thyroid hormones.
B)It slows the excretion of bioactive thyroid hormone.
C)It helps the body make T3,the bioactive form of thyroid hormone.
D)It substitutes for the bioactive hormone the body is not making.
Q3) Erika will be taking corticosteroids for a relatively long period of time.In order to reduce the risk of suppressing her adrenals and causing adrenal atrophy,what type of corticosteroids are most effective?
A)long-acting
B)short-acting
C)mixed
D)intermediate-acting
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Page 25
Chapter 24: Reproductive System Drugs
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Q1) Abigail just started taking oral contraceptives.How long should she use backup contraception?
A)1 week
B)3 weeks
C)4 weeks
D)2 weeks
Q2) Killian is experiencing difficulty maintaining erections,although he is able to become aroused.What is the principal mediator in attaining and maintaining an erection?
A)nitric oxide
B)GnRH
C)androgen
D)testosterone
Q3) The principal mediator in attaining and maintaining an erection is .
A)testosterone
B)nitric dioxide
C)TSH
D)phosphodiesterase
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26
Chapter 25: Cardiovascular Drugs
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Q1) The only clinical drug currently used in the cardiac glycoside family is .
A)rifampin
B)heparin
C)warafin
D)digoxin
Q2) Kieran,who is being treated with heparin,is experiencing serious bleeding complications.What is the antidote?
A)vitamin K
B)fresh frozen plasma
C)protamine sulfate
D)prothrombin complex concentrate
Q3) What antiarrythmic agent acts by slowing AV nodal conduction and is also used in the treatment of hypertension and angina?
A)verapamil
B)lidocaine
C)procainamide
D)adenosine
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Chapter 26: Respiratory System Drugs and Antihistamines
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Q1) Kristopher is taking medicine that contains dextromethorphan.What type of agent is dextromethorphan?
A)decongestant
B)mucolytic
C)expectorant
D)nonnarcotic antitussive
Q2) Jean's doctor suggests that she use a decongestant but cautions her to limit her use to just a few days.What might prolonged use cause?
A)tolerance
B)rebound congestion
C)psychological dependence
D)breakdown of nasal vasculature
Q3) Brevyn is taking medication that contains guaifenesin.What is the action of guaifenesin?
A)expectorant
B)antitussive
C)mucolytic
D)antihistamine
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Chapter 27: Drugs and Older Adults
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Q1) Gia,85 years of age,is in a specialized nursing home for patients with dementia.Recently,she has been frighteningly aggressive and the staff is exploring pharmacological management using antipsychotics.What risk is elevated in elderly patients with dementia who are given antipsychotics?
A)hypersexuality
B)death
C)blindness
D)COPD
Q2) Alice,67 years of age,is experiencing insomnia and recalls that a number of years ago,she took a benzodiazepine to help her fall asleep.She knows that benzodiazepines are associated with increased falls and wonders whether a nonbenzodiazepine such as Ambien would eliminate that risk.Is this the case?
A)Yes.Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are extremely safe.
B)Possibly,but it would depend on what other medications she is taking
C)No.Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are also associated with syncope and falls.
D)Probably,but only if she does not have other health problems
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