Pharmacology for Psychology Majors
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course introduces psychology majors to the fundamental principles of pharmacology, with a focus on the mechanisms by which drugs affect the brain and behavior. Students will explore the major classes of psychoactive drugs, including stimulants, depressants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and hallucinogens, examining their biological actions, therapeutic uses, side effects, and potential for abuse. The course also covers the basic concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug-receptor interactions, and the influence of genetics and environment on drug response. Emphasis is placed on the relevance of pharmacological knowledge for understanding biological bases of mental illness and the clinical treatment of psychological disorders.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following impact internal validity except:
A) the model used resembles the disorder.
B) using a placebo control group.
C) using inconsistent methods to measure the dependent variable.
D) accidentally changing the dose of the study drug.
Answer: A
Q2) Recreational drug use refers to using a drug to treat a disorder.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) _____________ validity refers to the control of variables with potential to influence a dependent variable.
A) Internal
B) External
C) Construct
D) Confound
Answer: A
Q4) ________ studies refer to the assignment of study treatments without using blinded procedures
Answer: Open-label
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Chapter 2: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glial scars may impair recovery from brain injury because:
A) regenerating axons may be unable to regain previous connections through the site of injury.
B) they prevent axons from re-growing.
C) interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons.
D) oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons.
Answer: A
Q2) Many drugs that produce highly enjoyable effects likely do so by affecting the: A) medulla.
B) thalamus.
C) nucleus accumbens.
D) reticular activating system.
Answer: C
Q3) Responding to brain injury is an important function of astrocytes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Astrocytes respond to injury in the brain through a process called ________________.
Answer: gliosis
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Activating a GABAA postsynaptic receptor will cause a(n)_____________.
Answer: inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
Q2) _____________ store and protect neurotransmitters after synthesis.
Answer: Synaptic vesicles
Q3) All of the following are pathways for dopamine except:
A) mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine pathways.
B) nigrostriatal dopamine pathway.
C) tubero-infundibular dopamine pathway.
D) mesoaccumbal-striatal dopamine pathway.
Answer: D
Q4) _____________ are a family of molecules that promote the survival and plasticity of neurons during development and in adulthood
Answer: Neurotrophins
Q5) Glutamate receptors are found on glial cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q6) The binding of a neurotransmitter causes a _____________ change in the receptor to occur.
Answer: conformational
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A drug metabolite that is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier to its size likely underwent:
A) a polymorphism process.
B) nonspecific binding.
C) Phase I biotransformation.
D) Phase II biotransformation.
Q2) Preventing a neuron's nerve impulses to stop neurotransmitter synthesis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A pharmacologist sought to develop a drug to act as a negative modulator.Which of the following describes the most likely outcome for the proposed drug?
A) The drug will prevent activation of G-proteins
B) The drug will block neurotransmission
C) The drug will counteract the effects of an antagonist
D) The drug will weaken, but not prevent, neurotransmission
Q4) List and define the two types of dependence presented in the book.Provide an example of an effect for each type.
Q5) List and describe the four primary phases in pharmacokinetics.
Q6) __________________ refers to a drug's strength of binding to a receptor .
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse
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Q1) Which of the following suggests that a person has a substance use disorder?
A) A person was introduced to a drug at a party last night and can't wait to try it again.
B) A person continues using a drug with abuse potential for treating a particular disorder.
C) Drug use continues despite a person knowing about all of the problems it is causing in his life.
D) A person experienced severe physiological effect after taking a substance.
Q2) Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens accounts for the rewarding effects of drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During drug addiction,a user must take higher amounts of a drug to overcome:
A) incentivized stimuli.
B) drug liking.
C) opponent processes.
D) latent inhibition effects.
Q4) The Harrison Narcotics Act first described drugs as controlled substances.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amphetamine's effects on neurotransmission occur for the following neurotransmitters except:
A) acetylcholine.
B) dopamine.
C) norepinephrine.
D) serotonin.
Q2) A drug that causes an increase in dopamine in the hypothalamus is likely to:
A) cause rewarding effects.
B) reduce appetite.
C) reduce pain.
D) increase salivation.
Q3) Amphetamines represent a class of psychostimulant drugs that:
A) include cocaine and methylphenidate.
B) worsen symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
C) produce a diverse series of effects, including depressant effects.
D) share a similar chemical structure.
Q4) Describe three subjective effects produced by psychostimulant administration.
Q5) Low doses of psychostimulant drugs decrease purposeful behavior.
A)True
B)False
8
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Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name two pharmacological approaches for treating tobacco addiction and explain the rationale behind these approaches.
Q2) Biotransformation of nicotine produces the active metabolite:
A) cotinine.
B) choline.
C) acetaldehyde.
D) MAO.
Q3) Tobacco smoking can cause pulmonary diseases such as : A) hypertension.
B) emphysema.
C) gastrointestinal disorder.
D) ischemia.
Q4) Mixing an energy drink with a highly caffeinated drink would be an example of : A) a fortified alcohol drink.
B) kombucha.
C) yerba mate.
D) a caffeinated alcoholic beverage.
Q5) Some of the metabolites of caffeine are found in teas. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) By inhibiting SK2 channels,chronic alcohol use:
A) reduces the risk of excitotoxicity if alcohol is withdrawn.
B) leads to decreased excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
C) leads to a down regulation of NMDA receptors.
D) promotes greater NMDA receptor activity if alcohol is withdrawn.
Q2) Given that limits of alcohol production through fermentation,an alcohol drink with 50% alcohol must have been produced through:
A) increasing the volume of water adding to the fermentation process.
B) using a fortified yeast to increase the production of alcohol.
C) using a distillation process to concentrate alcohol produced from fermentation.
D) adding fresh yeast to continue the production of alcohol.
Q3) If you were to develop a drug for alcohol addiction by targeting alcohol's actions on the glutamate neurotransmitter system,which of the following would be a viable development strategy?
A) Develop an agonist for NMDA receptors.
B) Develop an antagonist for NMDA receptors.
C) Develop a positive modulator for NMDA receptors.
D) Develop a negative modulator for NMDA receptors.
Q4) Describe how GABAA receptors mediate alcohol's reinforcing effects.
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Chapter 9: GHP and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) GHB can be found in all of the following except:
A) paint products.
B) the brain.
C) certain vinegars.
D) certain coffees.
Q2) High doses of GHB cause all of the following except:
A) confusion.
B) agitation.
C) drowsiness.
D) motor impairment.
Q3) Based on its pharmacokinetics,GHB is difficult to detect after a sexual assault for all of the following except:
A) sexual assault victims report too late for GHB to be detected.
B) GHB neurotransmitter levels interfere with tests for GHB levels.
C) GHB remains detectable in urine for 8-12 hours.
D) standard blood tests following sexual assault may not detect GHB.
Q4) The primary and immediate treatment for inhalant overdose is ____________.
Q5) Many inhalants are hydrocarbons.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Opioids are effective for neuropathic pain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Giving an opioid antagonist to an opioid dependent user will produce withdrawal symptoms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is an opioid drug used as a cough suppressant?
A) morphine
B) hydrocodone
C) somniferum
D) dextromethorphan
Q4) Pharmacodynamic tolerance for chronic administration of a opioid includes:
A) reduced activity of G-proteins for opioid receptors.
B) decreased calcium influx.
C) reduction of sodium channels.
D) reduction in sodium-potassium pump activity.
Q5) A semi-synthetic opioid is derived from an opioid found in opium.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
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Sample Questions
Q1) CB1 receptor agonists may produce reinforcing effects by
A) increasing dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens.
B) increasing serotonin levels in the raphe nucleus.
C) decreasing dopamine levels in hippocampus.
D) activating opioid neurons in the ventral tegmental area.
Q2) In the study by Foltin and colleagues (1990)that examined amotivation syndrome in humans treated with cannabis,the researchers concluded that
A) an amotivation syndrome does occur from cannabis use.
B) cannabis use made effortful tasks seem less effortful.
C) users lost track of time and therefore engaged in more work.
D) the effectiveness of reinforcers in the study was reduced.
Q3) Inhibition of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase would likely
A) decrease levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
B) increase levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
C) decrease levels of anandamide.
D) increase levels of anandamide.
Q4) Cannabinoids may reduce pain by acting in the _________.
Q5) The storage of delta-9-THC in body fat prevents all effects from delta-9-THC.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
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Q1) Scopolamine causes memory loss.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The physiological effects of MDMA are most likely to occur at
A) high doses.
B) medium doses.
C) low doses.
D) toxic doses.
Q3) What accounts for the depression and lathargic effects after a night of heavy NMDA use?
Q4) Comanche chief ________ stated that the Great Spirit Within communicatedwith him through a peyote experience to make peace with the white man andseek spiritual communion and wisdom.
Q5) Dimethyltryptamine is made naturally in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Feeling a greater sense of energy occurs at a high dose of MDMA.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ________ is the psychoactive compound found in peyote.
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Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
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Q1) In major depressive disorder,the amygdala appears to
A) have a smaller volume.
B) be overactive.
C) have a larger volume.
D) be underactive.
Q2) Why might a reversible inhibitor of MAOA be less likely to cause a cheese reaction?
A) The drug increased the catabolism rate of MAO.
B) MAOA is found mostly in the brain.
C) Antidepressant drugs bind poorly to MAOA.
D) The drug does not permanently remain bound to MAO.
Q3) Doctors require blood samples from patients treated with lithium because
A) evidence of neuroprotection will predict lithium's efficacy.
B) certain polymorphisms can interfere with lithium's therapeutic effects.
C) the need to determine if a patient is taking other substances.
D) the amount of drug in plasma must be carefully adjusted.
Q4) Antagonists for ________ receptors cause dry mouth.
Q5) Name two reasons why an antidepressant drug may be effective for fibromyalgia.
Q6) Name four symptoms of depression.
Q7) List and describe roles that three brain structures play in depression.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
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Q1) List and explain the effects derived from three structures that mediate the effects of benzodiazepines.
Q2) A negative emotion caused by a real or perceived imminent danger or threat is called
A) aggression.
B) anxiety.
C) fight or flight.
D) fear.
Q3) Activation of the locus coeruleus during a fear reaction causes
A) the adrenal gland to release norepinephrine and epinephrine.
B) signals to be sent to the prefrontal cortex.
C) an increase in sensory processing by the thalamus.
D) a rapid decrease in the activity of the amygdala.
Q4) A polymorphism of the CYP-2C19 gene causing slow metabolism of benzodiazepine will cause
A) weaker anxiolytic effects.
B) weaker passage through the blood-brain barrier.
C) greater likelihood of tolerance.
D) longer-lasting effects.
Q5) Benzodiazepines are positive modulators for the ____________ receptor.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chlorpromazine is a(n)
A) typical antipsychotic drug.
B) second-generation antipsychotic drug.
C) atypical antipsychotic drug.
D) novel antipsychotic drug.
Q2) Patients who do not respond after multiple rounds of antipsychotic treatment are identified as having ________ schizophrenia.
Q3) Inferred from the dopamine hypothesis and the actions of antipsychotic drugs,activation of ________ receptors likely leads to antipsychotic symptoms.
A) 5-HT A
B) D
C) NMDA
D) GABAA
Q4) All of the following are examples of functional outcomes in schizophrenia except A) making sense of a checking account.
B) carrying out daily hygeinic practices.
C) picking out appropriate clothing to wear.
D) having fewer depressive thoughts.
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