Pharmacology for Nurses Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Pharmacology for Nurses provides an essential foundation in the principles of drug therapy, focusing on the safe and effective use of medications in patient care. The course covers drug classifications, mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, side effects, and interactions, with particular emphasis on how these factors relate to nursing responsibilities. Students will learn to assess medication needs, administer drugs properly, monitor patient responses, and educate patients about their medications. Case studies and practical scenarios are used to develop clinical decision-making skills, ensuring that future nurses are well-prepared to manage pharmacologic aspects of patient care competently and confidently.
Recommended Textbook
Integrated Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology 3rd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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Chapter 1: General Pharmacologic Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) To maintain a steady state of drug concentration in the plasma,a drug should be administered by which of the following methods?
A)Intramuscular injection
B)Continuous IV infusion
C)Intravenous bolus
D)Transdermally
Answer: B
Q2) What is the purpose of a "do not use" list of common abbreviations?
Answer: The "do not use" list was designed to eliminate medical errors and misinterpretation when using common abbreviations.
Q3) The FDA considers herbals the same as drugs because they are derived from plants that were forerunners of many current medications.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Patients who are ordered nothing by mouth but are prescribed a medication to be given enterally may be administered the drug _____________.
Answer: rectally
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Chapter 2: The Metric System and Drug Dosage
Calculations
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can you express the strength of a drug in solution?
Answer: A drug strength can be expressed as a percent solution and as a ratio solution.
Q2) What do Joint Commission standards recommend for abbreviating cubic centimeter volume?
Answer: When using measurements involving cubic centimeters,The Joint Commission recommends using "ml" for milliliter because 1 ml = 1 cc and cc can be misread in a number of ways.
Q3) The metric system of measurement is based on the __________________. Answer: powers of 10
Q4) The Joint Commission recommends that a zero always be placed after the decimal point when referring to drug dosage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The metric unit of measurement for length is ________________,and the metric measurement for volume is ________________.
Answer: meter/liter
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Chapter 3: Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you apply the alpha-adrenergic agent phenylephrine topically,which of the following occurs?
A)Swollen vessels constrict.
B)Blood pressure decreases.
C)Heart rate decreases.
D)Respiratory rate increases.
Answer: A
Q2) What ANS division needs to be stimulated to cause bronchial smooth muscle dilation?
Answer: The sympathetic nervous system must be stimulated at the beta<sub>2</sub> receptor sites to cause bronchial smooth muscle dilation.
Q3) Stimulation of a resting nerve occurs when a chemical neurotransmitter travels along the nerve fiber.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The type of adrenergic receptor found in the smooth muscle of airways is ________________.
Answer: beta<sub>2</sub>
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Chapter 4: Medicated Aerosol Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) An inspiratory hold after a slow,deep inspiration will optimize penetration and deposition of aerosol particles within the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Drugs delivered by the inhalation route are affected by which of the following factors?
I)The properties of the drug being aerosolized
II)The device used to generate the aerosol
III)The characteristics of the airway
IV)The breathing pattern of the patient
A)I and II
B)I,III,and IV
C)II,III,and IV
D)I,II,III,and IV
Q3) An aerosol particle that is smaller than 0.5 microns will penetrate to the lower airways where it is needed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One factor that determines an aerosol particle's size is the ________________.
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Chapter 5: Bronchodilators
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mechanisms of bronchoconstriction include all the following except:
A)Bronchospasm.
B)Embolism formation.
C)Airway edema.
D)Increased secretions.
Q2) After removing an endotracheal tube from a patient in the ICU,the patient develops inspiratory stridor.You suspect that there is swelling of the upper airway.To treat the patient,which of the following do you recommend?
A)Atrovent
B)Vaponefrin
C)Xopenex
D)DuoNeb
Q3) ________________ is a catecholamine with alpha and beta effects that is used in the treatment of upper airway edema.
Q4) A bronchodilating drug that combines anticholinergic and adrenergic agents is ________________.
Q5) The most common route of administration for sympathomimetic and anticholinergic bronchodilators is ________________.
Q6) Albuterol and levalbuterol are classified as ____________-acting beta-agonists. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Mucokinetics and Surfactants
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Q1) The most frequently used solution for a diluent with aerosolized medications is
Q2) What is the difference between the modes of action for Mucomyst and Pulmozyme in the treatment of thick,viscous secretions?
Q3) The use of bland aerosols aids in mucous clearance by restoring the gel layer.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Lack of surfactant in premature infants less than 34 weeks' gestation is a result of:
A)Damaged type I pneumocytes.
B)Aspiration.
C)Perinatal asphyxia.
D)Immature type II pneumocytes.
Q5) Antitussives are indicated for which of the following conditions?
A)Dry,hacking,nonproductive cough
B)Accumulation of thick secretions leading to shortness of breath
C)Fulminant pulmonary edema
D)Bronchospasm accompanied by frequent cough
Q6) ________________ aerosols dilute mucus by altering its water content.
Q7) The saline solution that is considered to be an expectorant is
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Chapter 7: Anti-Inflammatory and Antiasthmatic Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs that are time dependent and should not be used for acute reversal of bronchospasm include which of the following:
I)Nedocromil
II)Montelukast
III)Fluticasone
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III
Q2) Airway inflammation occurs in response to stimulus that causes the release of ________________.
Q3) What is meant by immunotherapy?
Q4) Inhaled corticosteroids are used primarily for their ________________ response in allergic asthma.
Q5) Explain what occurs in the late-phase response of the inflammatory process.
Q6) Intranasal mast cell stabilizers and intranasal corticosteroids are used to treat allergic rhinitis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Anti-Infective Agents
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Q1) Azactam is used to treat infections caused by gram-positive microorganisms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Penicillins are classified as ________________.
Q3) A patient you are caring for in the ICU has been diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus.She was given a course of methicillin but has not shown any clinical or microbiological improvement.The most appropriate drug to treat her condition is:
A)Tobramycin.
B)Vancomycin.
C)Erythromycin.
D)Zithromax.
Q4) Gram-positive bacteria stain _______________ and gram-negative bacteria stain _______________.
Q5) In all bacteria,the _______________ functions to maintain the integrity of the cell.
Q6) A shift to the left on the complete blood count differential confirms the presence of ________________ and ________________.
Q7) How do microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective agents?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cardiac Agents
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Q1) The time in which cardiac cells cannot be excited after electrical stimulation is called the _________________________.
Q2) In heart failure,all of the following conditions can occur except:
A)Enlarged heart.
B)Ankle edema.
C)Increased fluid removal by the kidneys.
D)Pulmonary edema.
Q3) The role of the kidneys in cardiac function includes all of the following except the:
A)Regulation of fluid balance.
B)Maintenance of oxygen balance.
C)Maintenance of acid-base balance.
D)Maintenance of electrolyte balance.
Q4) Beta blockers are prescribed for treatment of heart failure because of their ________________ inotropic effects.
Q5) ________________ refers to the force against which the heart must pump.
Q6) ACE inhibitors decrease afterload by inducing ________________.
Q7) The most common dysrhythmia in older adults is _______________.
Q8) Administration of a ________________ causes an increase in heart rate.
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Q9) Atrial depolarization is represented on an ECG tracing as a ________________.
Chapter 10: Blood Pressure and Antithrombotic Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) To make dosage adjustments for heparin,which of the following should be monitored?
A)PTT lab tests
B)Urine output
C)Vitamin K levels
D)INR
Q2) A hypertensive agent that blocks alpha<sub>1</sub> receptors in both arterioles and veins is:
A)Catapres.
B)Cardura.
C)Inderal.
D)Tenormin.
Q3) When injury or trauma occurs to a blood vessel,the clotting mechanism begins with the formation of ________________.
Q4) A side effect of using minoxidil in the treatment of hypertension is hypertrichosis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Antihypertensive agents that affect alpha and beta receptors are referred to as ________________.
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Chapter 11: Neuromuscular, sedative, anesthetic, and Analgesic Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Side effects of opioid analgesics include which of the following? I.Hallucinations
II.Seizures
III.Respiratory stimulation
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III
Q2) Patients receiving NMBAs during mechanical ventilation frequently need to be medicated with ________________ because they can still feel pain and are alert.
Q3) Nerve conduction occurs when there has been a transfer of electrolytes that causes cellular depolarization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why is Versed used during major and minor surgical procedures?
Q5) A cell's ________________ refers to the electrical charge at which the cell becomes depolarized.
Q6) ________________ anesthetics make a specific region of the body insensitive to pain without loss of consciousness.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Therapeutic Medical Gases
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Q1) Medical oxygen is regulated by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP)and must be 99% pure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) PaO<sub>2</sub> represents the measure of oxygen that is ___________________.
Q3) Any process that impairs the balance between ventilation reaching the alveolus and perfusion to the surrounding capillary is referred to as ________________.
Q4) You are called to the emergency room to administer oxygen to a patient who is being treated for drug overdose.You notice that the patient's respiratory rate is six breaths per minute and that he is breathing very shallowly.This patient is ordered oxygen therapy to treat which of the following types of hypoxia?
A)Hypoxemic hypoxia
B)Anemic hypoxia
C)Circulatory hypoxia
D)Demand hypoxia
Q5) Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)is a potent selective pulmonary vasodilator.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Pharmacologic Management of Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease: Asthma, chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema
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Q1) In addition to treatment with nicotine replacement,patients who wish to quit smoking should be encouraged to ________________.
Q2) Zafirlukast reduces bronchospasm by blocking IgE from activating mast cells in patients with severe allergic asthma.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Asthma that occurs two times or less per week and can be controlled is considered mild persistent asthma.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The primary cause of COPD is ________________.
Q5) A patient with COPD who has just progressed into stage III COPD and has repeated exacerbations should now be treated with the addition of which of the following medications?
A)A short-acting bronchodilator
B)A long-acting bronchodilator
C)Inhaled corticosteroids
D)Oxygen
Page 15
Q6) The major causative factor in chronic bronchitis is ________________.
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Chapter 14: Pharmacologic Treatment of Respiratory
Infectious Disease
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Q1) Respiratory therapists who are caring for mechanically ventilated patients can reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia by practicing all except which of the following measures?
A)Preventing cross-contamination through hand washing
B)Appropriately cleaning and processing respiratory devices
C)Performing 24-hour ventilator circuit changes
D)Taking precautions to prevent the patient from aspirating
Q2) Antibiotics are not effective treatment against infections caused by viruses. A)True B)False
Q3) Antibiotics that should be avoided in children are ________________ and ________________.
Q4) Inhalation of anthrax spores is treated with doxycycline and streptomycin. A)True B)False
Q5) Aerosolized delivery of antimicrobial agents is an effective alternative to systemic delivery for pulmonary infections.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 15: Medications for Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support
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Q1) The treatment for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation is the same. A)True
B)False
Q2) Medications that are used in advanced cardiac life support are referred to as _______________drugs.
Q3) Which of the following cardiac agents is also administered for allergic anaphylactic reactions?
A)Atropine
B)Dopamine
C)Epinephrine
D)Metoprolol
Q4) Patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction receiving verapamil may experience an increase in blood pressure.
A)True
B)False
Q5) To treat a patient who is in ventricular fibrillation,a health care team should follow the ________________ algorithm.
Page 18
Q6) What advantage does diltiazem have compared to verapamil?
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