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Pharmaceutical Calculations is a foundational course designed to equip pharmacy students with the mathematical skills required in pharmacy practice. The course covers essential calculations used in compounding, dispensing, and administering medications, including dosage calculations, concentration and dilutions, measurements of drug strength, intravenous flow rates, and calculations involving osmolarity, molarity, and milliequivalents. Through practical exercises and real-world scenarios, students learn to ensure accuracy and safety in medication preparation and delivery, supporting patient care and adherence to professional standards.
Recommended Textbook
Mosby s Pharmacy Technician Principles and Practice 3rd Edition by Teresa Hopper BS CPhT
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31 Chapters
900 Verified Questions
900 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leeches have the ability to remove dead skin because this is their main dietary intake.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Gerhard Domagk discovered sulfonamide,the first synthetic antibiotic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Scientist and monk
A)Paracelsus
B)Asclepius
C)Gregor Mendel
D)Aristotle
E)Hippocrates
F)Roger Bacon
G)Galen
Answer: C
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Q1) The definition of confidentiality is to keep privileged information about a customer from being disclosed without his or her consent.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Two government agencies that are important with respect to pharmacy are the FDA and DEA.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In which year was the Durham-Humphrey Amendment enacted?
A)1871
B)1991
C)1891
D)1951
Answer: D
Q4) Opioids are stimulants that have no addictive potential.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False

Page 4
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Q1) Which one of the following is not a reason to become involved in a professional pharmacy organization?
A)For networking possibilities
B)For new information on the future of pharmacy technicians
C)To earn CE credits
D)For the tax deduction
Answer: D
Q2) Closed door pharmacies are not open to the public.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A pharmacy in a hospital or institutional setting is called an outpatient pharmacy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Technicians must keep all privileged information about a customer confidential.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True

Page 5
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Q1) A physician orders 10.5 mg of morphine sulfate to be administered to a patient.Morphine is labeled 7 mg/ml.How many milliliters are required to fill the order? ____ ml
A)73.5
B)1.5
C)7.35
D)15
Q2) The recommended dose of a medication for a pediatric patient is 32 mg/kg/day.How many milligrams must be given daily to a 42 lb child? ____ mg/day
A)1344
B)1.31
C)295
D)611
Q3) MMMXXXVII = ____
A)3037
B)3307
C)137
D)337
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Q1) All inhalers must be able to be inhaled easily into the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One of the main uses of topical powders involves increasing the amount of wetness of an area.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ointments work well on the skin surface to cover an area while keeping out:
A)Pathogens
B)Moisture
C)Glycol
D)Sunlight
Q4) Which of the following is not a component that determines the rate of release of biomaterials?
A)Water insoluble
B)pH dependent
C)pH independent
D)Toxicity
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Q1) Trissel's Handbook on Injectable Drugs is a well-known reference used for information on which kind of agents?
A)Narcotics
B)Parenterals
C)Secret
D)All of the above
Q2) The classification of a drug is not important.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Orange Book is used to determine whether a generic drug is the same as a brand name drug.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Micromedex Healthcare Evidence and Clinical Xpert provides online and mobile applications that can be used by:
A)Physicians
B)Nurses
C)Pharmacists
D)All of the above
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Q1) During which part of the workday are electronic backup copies usually made of all the orders in the system?
A)Beginning
B)End
C)Middle
D)All of the above
Q2) Federal law states that all prescriptions must be kept on file for a period of at least how many years?
A)7
B)5
C)2
D)3
Q3) Take care when cutting a ____ so that it will not be apparent to the patient.
A)Mixture
B)Label
C)Sticker
D)Tag
Q4) A prescription can arrive in a pharmacy by various methods.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Antiinflammatory
A)Aspirin
B)Chemical that aids in the removal of mucous secretions from the respiratory system
C)Those medications that do not require a prescription but are monitored
D)Fiber used to treat constipation or to cause a feeling of fullness to decrease appetite
E)Drug that reduces swelling, redness, and pain and that promotes healing
F)Medications that do not require a prescription and may be purchased by customers at any retail outlet
G)A drug that relieves pain by reducing the perception of pain
H)A substance that slows or stops the growth of microorganisms on surfaces such as the skin
I)Route of administration
J)A drug that can decrease the coughing reflex
Q2) Antacids are for short-term relief of:
A)Pain
B)Inflammation
C)Coughing
D)Heartburn
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Q1) Chamomile has more than ____ known species.
A)200
B)2000
C)20,000
D)20
Q2) Placebo
A)Therapy based on the belief that dilutions of medicinal substances that cause a specific symptom can be used to treat an illness that produces the same symptoms
B)Recognition of a condition
C)Medication made in a laboratory
D)Manual manipulation of the joints and muscles
E)To prevent disease
F)Stops nausea and vomiting
G)Plant that is valued for its medicinal properties
H)Decreases blood pressure
I)An alcoholic extract of plant materials or nonvolatile substances
J)Inert compound believed by the patient to be an active agent
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Q1) SureMed and PYXIS are automated dispensing systems used by hospitals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hospital pharmacists work closely with nurses.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stat trays vary depending on the patient's size.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Only narcotics need to be labeled before they leave the pharmacy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Computerized prescriber order entry is becoming more popular because:
A)It is more expensive
B)It is no longer necessary to decipher physicians' handwriting
C)It checks for interactions
D)Both B and C are correct
Q6) An E-MAR contains drug,dose,and time administered.
A)True
B)False

Page 12
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Q1) Which of the following preparations carries a high risk of cross-contamination?
A)Suppository
B)Inhalant
C)Tablet
D)All of the above
Q2) Compounding
A)The act of mixing, reconstituting, and packaging a drug
B)Base solution that is a mixture of alcohol and water
C)Markings on a measuring device
D)Part or portion of a medicine and/or ingredient that has the same volume or weight
E)A small particle
F)Bind together
G)Holds a single-dose tablet or capsule
H)Sealed with a foil card backboard
I)A hydrophilic base
J)An agent that contains small particles (1-1000 nm) that do not precipitate under the influence of gravity but remain distributed throughout either a suspension or an emulsion
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Q1) Peripheral parenteral
A)Injection of a medication into the veins located on the periphery of the body system instead of a central vein or artery
B)Air originating from the back of the hood
C)Air originating from the roof of the hood moves downward
D)Preparations prepared in a sterile environment using nonsterile ingredients or devices that must be sterilized before administration
E)Medication that bypasses the digestive tract
F)Procedures used to eliminate the possibility of a drug becoming contaminated
G)To add a diluent such as saline or sterile water to a powder
H)A contained and controlled environment within the pharmacy
I)The size of the needle opening
J)To separate from solution or suspension
Q2) What percent of isopropyl alcohol should be used when cleaning the laminar airflow workbench/biological safety cabinet?
A)100
B)90
C)80
D)70
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Q1) HMO stands for Homeopathic Medicinal Organization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Medicare is a health insurance program for people of what age and older?
A)75
B)56
C)57
D)65
Q3) Medication is sent back to the warehouse or manufacturer for which of the following reasons?
A)Drug recall
B)Expired stock
C)Damaged stock
D)All of the above
Q4) Both Medicaid and Medicare were implemented in:
A)1965
B)1975
C)1985
D)1995
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Q1) Black Box Warnings are printed on all medications.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Home health insurance coverage does NOT typically include:
A)Home IV supplies
B)Medications
C)Nurses' visits
D)Physicians' visits
Q3) Which of the following abbreviations should NOT be used according to ISMP?
A)Tid
B)mg
C)IV
D)Sl
Q4) Bar codes list the drug's expiration date,lot number,and amount of drug per container.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Many errors can be prevented with the use of automated dispensing systems.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Addison's disease
A)A condition that causes an increase in the level of adrenocorticotropic hormone
B)A condition that results in a decrease in corticoid levels
C)A condition in which a long-acting thyroid stimulator protein is constantly produced
D)A condition associated with a decrease in bone density
E)A condition in which a person's tissues are attacked by his or her own immune system
F)A condition associated with a decrease in overall thyroid function
G)A condition that results in softening and weakening of bones
H)A condition in which the thyroid is enlarged because of a lack of iodine
I)A condition in which development of the brain and body is inhibited
J)A condition associated with low concentrations of calcium in the blood
Q2) The ____,located above the pituitary gland,is a bridge between the nervous system and endocrine system.
A)Pineal gland
B)Parathyroid gland
C)Adrenal gland
D)Hypothalamus
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Q1) The direction of neuronal impulse from the body toward the central nervous system is referred to as autonomic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Neurotransmitters only excite nerve cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Migraine triggers can be related to hormones,stress,or food.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Neurotransmitters are how electrical nerve impulses are transmitted between neurons.
A)True
B)False
Q5) During a fight-or-flight response:
A)Nonessential systems are shut down
B)Senses are dulled
C)Energy is sent to the muscular system.
D)All the above
E) Only A and C
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Q1) Which of the following is prescribed for bipolar illnesses?
A)A stimulant
B)A sedative
C)A mood stabilizer
D)A combination of stimulants and sedatives
Q2) Elavil
A)Antianxiety
B)Antipsychotics
C)Hypnotics
D)Antidepressant
E)ADD/ADHD medications
Q3) A patient taking an MAOI should be warned that many OTC drugs should be avoided because of interaction risks.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The elderly can have more drug complications because:
A)They normally are taking several medications
B)They cannot read the labels
C)Their organs can take longer to break down chemicals
D)Both A and C are true
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Q1) Swine flu (H1N1)was first detected in the United States in:
A)Summer 1918
B)Spring 2009
C)Spring 2008
D)Winter 1996
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the lungs?
A)External oxygen extraction
B)Delivery of oxygen to the extremities
C)Removal of carbon dioxide
D)All the above
E) Both A and C
Q3) Which of the following is not a mechanism that causes a sneeze?
A)Ciliary action
B)Bronchial tube spasm
C)Peristaltic motion of the bronchioles
D)Cough reflex
Q4) Rhinovirus can cause a cold.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) What is the abbreviation for ointment?
A)ont
B)oin
C)ung
D)gnu
Q2) Where is the lacrimal gland located?
A)Inside the cornea
B)Inside the orbit
C)Adjacent to the conjunctiva
D)None of the above
Q3) In most cases there are several treatment options once permanent hearing loss occurs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the following are causes of hearing impairment or complete loss,except:
A)Trauma
B)Aging
C)i-Pods
D)Infections
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Q1) Hives will disappear with the proper medication.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Each sunburn increases the chance of mutations in the structure of DNA.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Desquamation is:
A)A normal process
B)Associated with diseases
C)All the above
D)None of the above
Q4) Zovirax
A)Antibacterial
B)Antifungal
C)Antivirals
D)Biologics
Q5) Sebaceous glands are larger than sweat glands.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Colace
A)Nausea and vomiting
B)Constipation
C)Antiflatulent
D)Laxative
Q2) Metamucil
A)Nausea and vomiting
B)Constipation
C)Antiflatulent
D)Laxative
Q3) FiberCon
A)Nausea and vomiting
B)Constipation
C)Antiflatulent
D)Laxative
Q4) The four main functions of the gastrointestinal system are digestion,absorption,metabolism,and contraction.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Polycystic renal disease causes renal failure because the immune system views the kidney as a foreign invader and attacks the kidney.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a healthy person loses a kidney,what will occur?
A)Watch diet
B)Take medication
C)Be on dialysis for the rest of his/her life
D)Both A and B
E) All of the above
Q3) Edema is the retention of excess fluids usually occurring in the tissue closest to the kidneys.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most common cause of a urinary tract infection is:
A)Excessive soda consumption
B)Fungus growing on food
C)The bacterium E. coli
D)Chlamydia
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Q1) Minipress
A)Antihyperlidemic
B)HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
C)Calcium channel blocker
D)Antihypertensives
E)Anticoagulants
F)Diuretics
G)Antiplatelet
Q2) Hypertension is commonly called high blood pressure.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A set of conditions is classified as a syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A myocardial infarction is also known as:
A)High blood pressure
B)An elevated heart rate
C)Gas caught in the heart chambers
D)A heart attack
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Q1) Prostate cancer treatment has become more promising because of all the following except:
A)The aging population
B)New chemotherapy agents
C)Early diagnosis
D)Increased public awareness
Q2) Breasts are a primary reproductive organ.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Testosterone is currently made from:
A)The testes of bulls
B)The urine of horses
C)Synthesis of canine testes
D)All of the above
E) None of the above
Q4) The reproductive system is an independent system.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Sexually transmitted diseases may and can cause permanent damage to internal organs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are third-generation cephalosporins except:
A)Vantin
B)Cefixime
C)Ceftizoxime
D)Cefprozil
Q3) Antiparasitic agents work by all of the methods listed except:
A)Killing the parasite
B)Killing the host
C)Ridding the body of the live parasite
D)Paralyzing the parasites and then purging them from the body
Q4) Who discovered penicillin?
A)Hans Christian Gram
B)Marie Curie
C)Francis Penicillin
D)Alexander Fleming
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Q1) Rhinitis
A)Meninges
B)Small intestines
C)Joints
D)Tendons
E)Nose
F)Liver
G)Stomach
H)Ovary
I)Lungs
J)Colon
Q2) Inflammation can be caused by:
A)Infection
B)Allergic reactions
C)Injury
D)All of the above
Q3) Opioids are an important analgesic.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Stimulates the immune system
A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
Q2) Hemoglobin is:
A)A fat-soluble vitamin
B)A mineral
C)An iron-containing pigment
D)A free radical
Q3) Found in whole grains
A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
Q4) Deficiency may cause anemia
A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
Q5) Daily nutritional requirements can only be met with supplements.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Macrophages are large cells that help transport oxygen.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Researchers only require a few cells of the contagion to produce a vaccine.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Orthoclone
A)Inactivated viral vaccines
B)Vaccines against bacterial illness
C)Systemic immunosuppressive agents
D)Biological response modifiers
Q4) Typhoid
A)Inactivated viral vaccines
B)Vaccines against bacterial illness
C)Systemic immunosuppressive agents
D)Biological response modifiers
Q5) Before hiring technicians,many hospitals require proof of childhood immunizations.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Malignant
A)An unexpected change in the molecular structure within the DNA, causing a permanent change in cells
B)An invasive and destructive pattern of rapid, abnormal cell growth; often fatal
C)An agent used to prevent the development, proliferation, or growth of neoplastic cells; a medication used in treatment of abnormal cells
D)A single dose of drug
E)A tumor or growth that is not life-threatening
F)A substance or chemical that can increase the risk of developing cancer
G)The treatment of a disease with toxic chemical substances to slow the disease process or to kill cells
H)A procedure in which a piece of tissue is removed from a patient for examination and diagnosis; the tissue is a sample of the whole
I)The movement or spread of cancerous cells through the body to organs in distant areas
J)A term used to describe a malignant disorder of lymphoid tissue
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Q1) How do viruses replicate?
A)Via DNA and RNA duplication
B)By lying dormant until the host cell is weakened
C)Through fission
D)By invading a host cell and taking over the replication process
Q2) Anaerobic
A)The study of microscopic organisms
B)A protein that accelerates a reaction by reducing the amount of energy required to initiate a reaction; also called a biological catalyst
C)A term that describes organisms that need oxygen to survive
D)The study of viruses
E)Requiring complex carbon and nitrogen for metabolic synthesis
F)A microorganism that can live with or without oxygen
G)A term that describes organisms that live in the absence of oxygen
H)The study of life
I)A microscopic organism that replicates exclusively inside the host's cell, using parts of the host cell including DNA, ribosomes, and proteins
J)Refers to microorganisms not visible without a microscope
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Q1) ____ are powerhouses of the human body; they produce energy,just like a hydroelectric plant.
A)Nucleoli
B)Mitochondria
C)Hemoglobins
D)Leukocytes
Q2) Amino acids are proteins that can regulate the speed of reactions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The molecule FeO makes:
A)Mercury
B)Selenium
C)Rust
D)Silver
Q4) Which type of ion is negatively charged?
A)Captions
B)Amino acids
C)Phosphorus
D)Anions
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