Personality Psychology Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Personality Psychology explores the scientific study of individual differences in patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. This course examines key theories and models of personality, methods of assessment, and the biological, psychological, and social factors that shape personality development across the lifespan. Students will engage with major perspectives such as trait, psychodynamic, humanistic, and social-cognitive approaches, as well as contemporary research on personality disorders and applications in clinical, organizational, and everyday contexts. Through lectures, discussions, and case studies, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and diversity of human personality.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 3rd Edition by Roy F. Baumeister
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Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) In psychology, the word "confederate" is used to refer to ____.
A) a research assistant who poses as a participant during the course of a research study in order to help create a certain situation
B) a research participant who is purposely disruptive during a study (e.g., a participant who lies on questionnaires or refuses to complete an experimental task)
C) a statistician or data analyst
D) a prototypical research participant (i.e., the "confederate response" is a term used to refer to the "average response" or "mean response")
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following would a basic researcher MOST LIKELY study?
A) A theory that explains the causes of aggression
B) The plight of welfare mothers
C) Why people don't wear seat belts
D) How to get people to conserve electric power
Answer: A
Q3) The study of human culture-the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people-is known as ____________________.
Answer: anthropology
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3
Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
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Sample Questions
Q1) The theory of evolution as proposed by Charles Darwin focuses primarily on ____.
A) how change occurs in nature
B) how change occurs in nurture
C) reproduction
D) gene mutation
Answer: A
Q2) If biology measures success in terms of survival and reproduction, human culture
A) has struggled over many years
B) has had some successes but and equal amount of failures
C) has had moderate success
D) has been very successful
Answer: D
Q3) The idea that the human brain has evolved specifically to enhance humans' ability to form relationships, interact, and-ultimately-develop culture is known as
Answer: social brain theory
Q4) The two systems in the duplex mind are called the ____________________ system and the ____________________ system.
Answer: automatic deliberate,deliberate automatic
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on self-esteem indicates that ____.
A) if anything, self-esteem in the U.S. (for everyone) is unrealistically high
B) African Americans, as a group, have significantly lower self-esteem than do white Americans, as a group
C) adolescent girls have extremely low self-esteem levels, while adolescent boys have more or less average self-esteem levels
D) women actually have higher self-esteem levels than men do
Answer: A
Q2) Ziba thinks she is really struggling financially compared to all her friends. Then she moves to a rural, poor part of the country and decides she is pretty well off. When Ziba compares herself to the people in her new location, she is making a(n)
Answer: downward social comparison.
Q3) Who will be the MOST modest?
A) Jack, who is describing himself to a woman he is considering asking out
B) Martina, who is on a first interview for a new job
C) Daisy, who is networking with people at a business dinner
D) Clancy, who is telling his folks about how his semester has gone
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Choices and Actions: The Self in Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to ____________________ theory, most people need to feel at least some degree of autonomy and internal motivation.
Q2) Even though Mildred knows that her relationship with her boyfriend is in trouble, she decides not to do anything about it (i.e., she will simply neglect the relationship and let it slowly fall to pieces). Social psychologists would say that her decision to do nothing most reflects ____.
A) the certainty effect
B) the omission bias
C) risk aversion
D) temporal discounting
Q3) Compared to incremental theorists, entity theorists show a ____.
A) stronger preference for doing things at which they are good
B) greater interest in receiving feedback from others (regardless of whether it is positive or negative)
C) greater interest in practicing things that they are not so good at
D) tendency to prefer hard, challenging tasks to easy tasks
Q4) Entity theorists are more likely than incremental theorists to experience
Q5) Suicidal people tend to worry that they will be ____________________to others.
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Chapter 5: Social Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"-the ways in which people explain everyday events. He suggested that most people explain everyday events in terms of either ____ factors.
A) stable or unstable
B) internal or external
C) global or specific
D) convergent or divergent
Q2) You flip a coin ten times in a row. Every single time it comes up heads. On the eleventh flip, is it more likely to be heads, tails, or are heads and tails equally likely ? If you are a hot hand player, you will answer ____.
A) heads
B) tails
C) heads and tails are equally likely
D) that you need time to think it over
Q3) Which of the following would be least helpful in debiasing your thinking?
A) Take a statistical reasoning class.
B) Think reflectively on your problem-solving strategies.
C) Use explicit decision rules.
D) Rely more on your memories.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that when people feel guilt, they usually ____.
A) apologize or seek to make amends
B) withdraw from others or lash out in anger
C) try to repress or avoid the emotion
D) seek to change their social situation or circumstances
Q2) Research on the so-called "hedonic treadmill" has shown that both state lottery winners and paralysis victims ____, although paralysis victims ____.
A) "get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness more quickly than might be expected; do not recover as quickly
B) "get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness more quickly than might be expected; actually recover even more quickly
C) take longer to "get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness than might be expected; take an especially long time to recover
D) take longer to "get over it" and return to preexisting levels of happiness than might be expected; actually recover more quickly
Q3) Describe the branches, or dimensions, of emotional intelligence.
Q4) How does disgust act as a behavioral immune system?
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of the kinds of predictions that it makes, research on cognitive dissonance theory is most at odds with research on ____.
A) belief perseverance
B) the A-B problem
C) balance theory
D) effort justification
Q2) If you want to cope better with tragedy, you should engage in ____________________comparisons with others.
Q3) Briefly discuss the research on cognitive coping. When people experience traumas, what sorts of cognitive responses are likely to be most helpful in promoting recovery?
Q4) Classical conditioning can be thought of as a type of ____.
A) associative learning
B) imitation
C) instrumental learning
D) vicarious learning
Q5) Explain the potential benefits and costs of holding strong religious beliefs.
Q6) According to____________________, if you go through a severe hazing process, you will be more loyal to the group you are joining.
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Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social psychologists use the term ____________________ to describe going along with a group because you think the group knows more than you do (not because you want to gain the group's approval or make the group like you more).
Q2) According to the impressionable years hypothesis, ____ are a relatively easy-to-persuade group.
A) toddlers and preschoolers
B) school-aged children
C) adolescents and young adults
D) the elderly
Q3) When social psychologists talk about a persuasive communicator as having "expertise," they are referring to ____.
A) whether the source will honestly tell you what she or he knows
B) how much the source knows
C) whether the source is a recognized authority in her or her field
D) whether the source is confident and authoritarian
Q4) Lillia is listening to the Mormon missionaries at her door. She genuinely believes their world-view is correct after listening to them. She has experienced
Q5) Describe three strategies for resisting persuasion.
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Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ can be defined as ceasing to feel angry toward, and ceasing to seek retribution against, someone who has wronged you.
Q2) When each person in a group does his or her part, and together they work toward a common goal, the group is said to be ____.
A) collaborating
B) engaging
C) norming
D) cooperating
Q3) An emotional response that corresponds to the feelings of others is called ____.
A) contentment
B) anger
C) sympathy
D) empathy
Q4) Research on helping indicates that once people are educated about phenomena such as the bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility, and pluralistic ignorance, they are less likely to fall prey to them themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ____________________ is going along with the crowd.
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Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the definitions of aggression and violence used in the text, which of the following statements is true?
A) All aggressive acts are violent, and all violent acts are aggressive.
B) All aggressive acts are violent, but not all violent acts are aggressive.
C) Not all aggressive acts are violent, but all violent acts are aggressive.
D) Not all aggressive acts are violent, and not all violent acts are aggressive.
Q2) The theory that argues that aggressive behavior is learned is known as ____________________.
Q3) As discussed in your text, the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as evidence of hostility is ____.
A) common among non-human animals, but rare among humans
B) the norm among both humans and non-human animals, and probably something that is genetically "hardwired"
C) probably uniquely human, because other animals do not have the mental hardware to make complex attributions
D) unique to people with antisocial personality disorder
Q4) Instinct theories argue that aggression is ____________________.
Q5) ____________________ norms are norms that specify what others approve of or disapprove of.
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Chapter 11: Attraction and Exclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The painful feeling of wanting more human contact or connection than you have is known as ____________________.
Q2) Most people do not seem to seek out endless numbers of friends; having _____ close friends seems to be enough.
A) one or two
B) two or three
C) four to six
D) eight to twelve
Q3) In general, doing favors for people is a good way to promote liking.
A)True
B)False
Q4) People who have weak social networks have a higher risk of death than people who have strong social networks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The idea that people tend to form relationships with others who are similar to them in terms of attractiveness is known as the ____________________ hypothesis.
Q6) Describe the necessary ingredients for a sense of belongingness.
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Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jadis and Matthew are a couple. They are extremely close, sharing nearly every detail of their day and emotions with each other. They also are committed to each other no matter what happens. Jadis and Matthew are experiencing ____ love.
A) passionate
B) companionate
C) fatuous
D) consummate
Q2) What sort of advice would you give a new couple who wants to make sure their relationship lasts the test of time?
Q3) A person with a fearful avoidant attachment is ____ on anxiety and ____ on avoidance.
A) low; low
B) low; high
C) high; low
D) high; high
Q4) When people suspect that their spouse has been cheating on them, they are right most of the time.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research has demonstrated that eyewitnesses are more accurate at identifying people of their own racial or ethnic group than they are at identifying people of other ethnic or racial groups. However, as discussed in the textbook, one exception to this pattern is when a member of the other group appears to be ____. In that case, he or she is well-remembered and well-recognized.
A) angry
B) powerful
C) kind or generous
D) non-threatening
Q2) Recall Muzafer Sherif's research with two groups of 11-year-old boys camping at Robber's Cave (the "Eagles" and the "Rattlers"). The groups were fiercely competitive for several weeks. What triggered a peaceful reconciliation? That is, how was their animosity finally brought to an end?
A) They were brought into more and more frequent contact with one another.
B) They engaged in a number of tasks that built perspective-taking abilities.
C) They were put in a situation that established a clear winner and a clear loser.
D) They were put in a situation where they needed to cooperate in order to achieve a superordinate goal.
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Chapter 14: Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the language of social facilitation theory, the so-called dominant response is
A) the response that is most common for a given person in a given situation
B) the response that is most common among most people in most situations
C) the response that is most socially valued within a given situation
D) an aggressive response
Q2) Which of the following is an example of group polarization?
A) A basketball team-simply by reason of being a cohesive group-automatically identifies another team as a "rival."
B) A political committee tends to make more extreme decisions than any of its individual members would alone.
C) A group of students tends, automatically, to divide themselves up into several smaller groups or cliques.
D) A student council divides itself into two directly opposing points of view when debating new issues.
Q3) More powerful people laugh ____________________ often than less powerful people. (more/less)
Q4) The idea that one social loafer can cause others to loaf as well is known as the
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Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that Pat is a married person who goes online once a week to look at pornographic websites and chat with others about the sites they view. What does research suggest about how most people view this?
A) Most people would say that this constitutes a betrayal.
B) Most people would say that this does not constitute a betrayal.
C) Most people would say that this constitutes a betrayal if Pat is a woman, but not if Pat is a man.
D) People would disagree about whether or not this constitutes a betrayal-regardless of whether or not Pat is a woman or a man.
Q2) People tend to buy more expensive wine when a restaurant offers valet parking as opposed to when it doesn't. This is an example of consumers being influenced via ____. A) unconscious thought processes
B) central route processing
C) what Maslow would call physiological needs
D) polychronic activity
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Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amira notices a lump in her breast, but convinces herself that it was always there. As she continues to examine her breasts monthly, the lump remains and seems larger, but each time Amira finds a way to explain it away--the lump is just a result of the uncomfortable bra she was wearing, the lump is connected to her menstrual cycle, and so forth. In fact, she never has the lump investigated because she interprets the lump in terms of her belief that she is "healthy." Amira has succumbed to which social psychological error in thinking?
A) confirmation bias
B) attribution
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) chronic negative affect
Q2) When male rats are under stress, they react with the fight-or-flight response. Female rats, on the other hand, may react with ____.
A) the might-or-right syndrome
B) the tend-and-befriend response
C) flight only
D) a tendency to hide
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Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process used by managers to determine their needs with regard to human resources, including retaining talented as well as removing poor performers, is called
A) job analysis
B) recruitment
C) performance review
D) workforce planning
Q2) You are taking a test for a job application as a brick layer. The test requires you to answer questions about science fiction literature. This test lacks ____.
A) reliability
B) validity
C) leadership
D) job analysis
Q3) The process organizations use to identify potential employees for a job is ____.
A) job analysis
B) organizational socialization
C) recruitment
D) performance review
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Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a properly conducted lineup, wherein eyewitnesses are asked to identify criminals who they saw commit a crime, the foils in the lineup are people who ____.
A) are all suspects of the crime
B) are all known to be innocent of the crime
C) do not match the physical description of the suspect
D) do not match the psychological profile of the suspect
Q2) Suppose that Danielle was an eyewitness to a store robbery. She gives the police a description of the criminal: "30-35 year-old male, brown hair, light eyes, about 5'10", with a missing finger on his left hand." A few weeks later, police track down a suspect. He fits Danielle's description, and additionally has a lazy eye and a huge tattoo on his neck. If police use the match-to-culprit approach in constructing a lineup for eyewitness identification, then the foils in the lineup ____.
A) may or may not have brown hair
B) will definitely have brown hair, but may or may not be missing fingers
C) will definitely have brown hair and missing fingers, but may or may not have a tattoo
D) will definitely have brown hair, missing fingers, and a tattoo
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Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that _____ can negatively impact employee work performance.
A) climate and noise (but not pollution)
B) noise (but not climate or pollution)
C) pollution and noise (but not climate)
D) climate, pollution, and noise
Q2) Which of the following is NOT usually a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder?
A) Uncontrollable thoughts about a traumatic event
B) Mania/hyperactivity
C) Sleep disturbances
D) Social withdrawal
Q3) One of the key barriers to solving environmental problems such as overpopulation and global warming is ____.
A) rule of law
B) the fundamental attribution error
C) sensory overload
D) the commons dilemma
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