Course Introduction
Personality Psychology Test Questions
Personality Psychology explores the scientific study of individual differences in behavior, thought, and emotion. This course examines major theoretical perspectives including trait, psychoanalytic, humanistic, social-cognitive, and biological approaches to understand how personality develops and influences life outcomes. Students will analyze the methods used to assess personality, investigate factors that contribute to personality stability and change, and consider the application of personality theory in areas such as mental health, work, and relationships. Through readings and discussions, learners gain insight into their own personalities and those of others.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Theories 9th Edition by Barbara Engler
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18 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction Evaluating Personality Theories
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63 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) After first having read about Freud's theory in her textbook,Joyce exclaimed,"I don't believe any of this is really true." Joyce is disputing the theory's A) coherence.
B) compellingness.
C) comprehensiveness.
D) relevance.
Answer: B
Q2) A set of abstract concepts used to explain a group of facts or events is called A) an empirical statement.
B) an operational definition.
C) a theory.
D) personality.
Answer: C
Q3) One requirement of scientific statements is that they be A) based on extrasensory perception.
B) open to falsification.
C) based on an epiphanic act of knowledge.
D) evaluated by their compellingness.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud
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Sample Questions
Q1) Michelle is a psychotherapy client who has strong hostility toward her therapist,even though the therapist has done nothing to warrant such feelings.Michelle's reaction exemplifies
A) positive repression.
B) negative repression
C) positive transference.
D) negative transference.
Answer: D
Q2) Describe the process of classical Freudian psychoanalysis.
Answer: Classical Freudian psychoanalysis is a form of therapy developed by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. The process typically involves the patient lying on a couch and free associating, while the analyst sits out of sight and listens. The analyst may also use techniques such as dream analysis, transference, and interpretation of the patient's thoughts and feelings to help the patient gain insight into their unconscious conflicts and desires. The goal of classical Freudian psychoanalysis is to bring repressed thoughts and feelings to the surface, and to help the patient work through them in order to achieve greater self-awareness and emotional well-being. This process often takes place over several years, with multiple sessions per week.
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4
Chapter 3: Analytical Psychology Carl Jung
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jung influenced all of the following assessment techniques,but which did he actually develop?
A) The Rorschach Inkblot Test
B) The Thematic Apperception Test
C) The Myers-Briggs Type Test
D) The word-association test
Answer: D
Q2) In reaching conclusions,the ________ prefers to use logic and impersonal analysis,whereas the ________ is more concerned with personal values.
A) thinker; feeler
B) feeler; thinker
C) sensor; intuitor
D) intuitor; sensor
Answer: A
Q3) The tale of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde best illustrates the Jungian principle(s) of A) anima and animus.
B) archetype.
C) persona and shadow.
D) synchronicity.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Inter-psychic Theories Alfred Adler, Harry Stack
Sullivan
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Sample Questions
Q1) This is Jason's first time performing in a comedy club.He is ignoring his extreme nervousness and acting cocky and arrogant instead.After a short while,he actually starts to feel confident.According to Sullivan's theories,Jason is experiencing the positive effects of
A) acting "as if."
B) parataxic distortion.
C) personification.
D) selective inattention.
Q2) Deron is ambitious and competitive and has a recurring dream of running to catch a train.In Adler's birth-order theory,Deron would be a typical A) only child.
B) firstborn.
C) second child.
D) lastborn.
Q3) Discuss the role of anxiety,unawareness,and security operations in Sullivan's theory.
Q4) Describe how family constellation and family atmosphere shape personality.
Q5) Describe some of the major features of Adlerian psychotherapy.
Page 6
Q6) Evaluate Adler's theory in terms of its function as philosophy,science,and art.
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Chapter 5: Psychoanalytic Social Psychology Karen Horney
Erich Fromm
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Sample Questions
Q1) Michelle has exaggerated needs for power,prestige,and admiration.She is most likely to utilize the ___________ mode of relating to others.
A) moving toward
B) moving against C) moving away
D) moving around
Q2) Compare and contrast Freud's and Horney's theories of personality regarding women.
Q3) Certain celebrities become what their public expects them to be instead of expressing their true selves.This describes which of the following character orientations?
A) Exploitative
B) Hoarding
C) Marketing
D) Receptive
Q4) Positive effects of authoritative parenting have been found more consistently in Caucasians than in Asians.In your opinion,is there any parenting style that produces positive effects in every culture around the world?
Q5) Discuss assessment and research in Fromm's theory.
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Chapter 6: Ego Analytic Psychology Anna Freud Erik Erikson
Dan McAdams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson is credited with refining which of the following?
A) The diagnostic profile
B) The method of self-analysis
C) The psychohistory
D) The word-association test
Q2) Pedro is a boy struggling with the life crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt.According to Erikson,Pedro is most likely to be ________ old.
A) three months
B) twelve months
C) three years
D) eight years
Q3) Ms.Jones divides her first-graders into reading groups according to ability.The "sparrows" know that they are the worst readers,whereas the "eagles" know that they are the best.According to Erikson,at this age,she can expect the "sparrows" to develop feelings of ________ and the "eagles" to develop feelings of ________.
A) mistrust; trust
B) role confusion; ego identity
C) guilt; initiative
D) inferiority; industry
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Human Relations Object Relations Theory,
Relational-Cultural Theory
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63 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "smart vagus" is
A) a book that was written by one of the members of the Stone Center group on mother-son relationships.
B) a neural pathway that mediates the stress system and may help us facilitate and maintain healthy relationships.
C) the part of the motor cortex that, when activated, enables us to mimic other people's emotions and actions.
D) the name given to the set of neurotransmitters that are appropriately discharged in the brain in response to positive social interactions.
Q2) According to Kohut,narcissistic individuals are looking for a(n)
A) idealized, empathic parent substitute.
B) mirror image of themselves.
C) person who shares their overinflated opinion of themselves.
D) way to resolve their original Oedipal feelings.
Q3) Kohut believes that when children develop normally,the Oedipus complex
A) will probably produce conflict and anxiety.
B) may be a positive experience.
C) may fail to materialize.
D) will most likely be associated with negative emotions.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Experimental Analysis of Behavior John Dollard and
Neal Miller BFSkinner
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Sample Questions
Q1) John Dollard,Neal Miller,and B.F.Skinner created theories that emphasize ___________ as the primary forces that shape human behavior.
A) experience and learning
B) unconscious defense mechanisms
C) biological predispositions
D) self-actualization tendencies
Q2) Explain how Dollard and Miller have integrated learning theory and psychoanalysis.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of conditioned operant behavior?
A) A moth flies toward a light source.
B) A rat presses a bar in a Skinner box.
C) A newborn infant cries immediately after he is born.
D) Pavlov's dog salivates when the bell rings.
Q4) The practice of using time-outs,or removal of a person from a situation in which an undesired behavior occurs,was developed by
A) Abraham Maslow.
B) Harry Stack Sullivan.
C) Arthur Staats.
D) Anna Freud.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Social Learning Theories Albert Bandura, Julian
Rotter, Walter Mischel
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is CAPS?
A) A personality theory proposed by Bandura
B) A personality assessment tool developed by Mischel
C) A personality theory that considers both the stability of personality and the variability of behaviors across situations
D) A personality assessment tool that includes both objective (for example, multiple choice) and projective items
Q2) Explain why an agentic perspective emerges in Bandura's theory and describe what human agency entails.
Q3) Bandura believes that most human behavior is learned through the process of A) operant conditioning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) reinforcement.
D) observational learning.
Q4) Evaluate Bandura's theory in terms of its function as philosophy,science,and art.
Q5) Explain what is meant by the term self-regulation.
Q6) Describe Bandura's contributions to behavior modification.
Q7) Describe Rotter's I-E scale.Discuss the construct it measures and its findings.
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Chapter 10: Traits and Personology Gordon Allport Henry Murray
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Sample Questions
Q1) In discontinuity theories,growth
A) represents an accumulation of skills, habits, and discrimination.
B) represents an increase of inputs into the organism.
C) is manifested by radical changes in the structure of personality.
D) is merely quantitative in nature.
Q2) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of projective personality tests such as Murray's TAT.
Q3) One of Allport's findings regarding the relationship between religious attitudes and prejudice is that
A) both intrinsic and extrinsic attitudes correlate with a high degree of prejudice.
B) neither an intrinsic nor an extrinsic attitude correlates with prejudice.
C) an extrinsic attitude is correlated with prejudice, whereas an intrinsic attitude is not.
D) an intrinsic attitude is correlated with prejudice, whereas an extrinsic attitude is not.
Q4) Distinguish among three levels of personal dispositions.
Q5) Discuss the concept of functional autonomy.
Q6) Explain how common traits differ from personal dispositions.
Q7) Identify the units by which Murray suggests behavior can be studied.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Factor Analytic, Genetic and Evolutionary
Theories Raymond Cattell, The Big Five Personality Traits, Genetic and Evolutionary Developments
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Q1) Dr.Wilson is a psychologist who asserts that psychologists would benefit by adapting the Five-Factor Model in their understanding of certain mental disorders.Which of the following is most likely to be true with regard to Dr.Wilson's beliefs?
A) Dr. Wilson believes that normal people are qualitatively, rather than quantitatively, different from abnormal people.
B) Dr. Wilson agrees with the prevailing DSM-IV-TR method of describing mental disorders.
C) Dr. Wilson's belief is without empirical support.
D) Dr. Wilson's belief is consistent with the dimensional approach to psychopathology.
Q2) Describe the differences among the Big Five,the Five-Factor Model,and the Five-Factor Theory.
Q3) The more ________ an attribute is,the better we are able to use it to predict a person's behavior in a given situation.
A) broad
B) specific
C) prevalent
D) uncommon
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Biological Traits Hans Eysenck
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eysenck believed,and recent research has supported,that psychotics and creative achievers manifest the same cognitive style.On a word-association test,both would A) generate automatic associations to the test words.
B) give a greater number of more divergent responses.
C) rely on past memories for the answers.
D) respond with a small number of carefully thought-out words.
Q2) Ryan experiences a very high level of fear when faced with unexpected or threatening stimuli.He is also generally anxious and rather neurotic.According to research by Jeffrey Gray,Ryan is likely to have
A) an overly sensitive behavioral approach system.
B) borderline personality disorder.
C) an overly sensitive behavioral inhibition system.
D) exposed himself excessively to technology such as the Internet and cell phones, which caused a rewiring of his brain.
Q3) Should intelligence be considered an aspect of personality?
Q4) Discuss Eysenck's contribution to understanding intelligence.
Q5) Describe some of the historical predecessors to Eysenck's theory.
Q6) Describe how Eysenck measured traits.
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Chapter 13: Humanism Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
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Q1) Dr.Sanders is a practicing psychologist whose approach to her clients emphasizes their spiritual experience.She tries to help clients transcend their daily lives by achieving a stronger connection to others and to religious experiences.Dr.Sanders's orientation is best described as A) psychoanalytic. B) behavioral.
C) humanistic.
D) transpersonal.
Q2) How might a single activity,hobby,or profession simultaneously meet multiple needs on Maslow's needs hierarchy?
Q3) Explain why Maslow has been called the father of humanistic psychology.
Q4) Explain what Rogers meant by congruence and incongruence.Identify denial and distortion as two processes that may lead to incongruence.
Q5) According to Maslow,the number of self-actualized individuals in the population is A) probably less than one percent. B) about 5 percent. C) about 10 percent. D) over 50 percent of adults.
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Chapter 14: Existential Psychoanalysis Rollo May
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Sample Questions
Q1) May believed that the concept of stress
A) does not adequately describe anxiety.
B) should be used in lieu of the term anxiety.
C) is distinctly bound to consciousness and subjectivity.
D) is useful because it is directly quantifiable.
Q2) May believed that myths
A) perpetuated untruths that increased existential angst.
B) were essential for psychological health.
C) robbed individuals of the opportunity to assign meaning to their lives.
D) were created by individuals whose values represented a societal norm.
Q3) Discuss the existentialist approach to scientific methodology.
Q4) Despite her clear understanding that it is wrong,two-year-old Amanda is forever attempting to climb objects to reach a colorful,glass sculpture that sits on a high shelf in the living room.Amanda is demonstrating which state of consciousness?
A) Creative consciousness of self
B) Ordinary consciousness of self
C) Stage of innocence
D) Stage of rebellion
Q5) Evaluate May's theory in terms of its function as philosophy,science,and art.
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Chapter 15: Personal Constructs George Kelly
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best summarizes constructive alternativism?
A) There is no objective reality, only our interpretation of it.
B) The process of the construction of reality alternates between parties in a relationship.
C) Choosing to live constructively, rather than destructively, is the fundamental task of human life.
D) The objective reality of a situation is defined by the alternative constructed by the largest proportion of people involved in it.
Q2) Kelly's theory of personality is based on the philosophical position of A) empirical behaviorism.
B) rational subjectivism.
C) existentialism.
D) constructive alternativism.
Q3) Discuss the method behind Kelly's Rep Test and the type of information it can provide.
Q4) For which psychological problems would you expect the psychotherapy technique of role-playing exercises to be most helpful? For which problems would it be least helpful?
Q5) Explain why Kelly suggested that we conceive of ourselves as scientists.
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Chapter 16: Cognitive-Behavioral Theories Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus
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Q1) Drawing a conclusion without supporting evidence,even in the face of contradictory evidence,is an example of
A) arbitrary inference.
B) minimization.
C) personalization.
D) selective abstraction.
Q2) Max is very fearful of airplanes.If he does fly,he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport.With his therapist,Max is focusing on the D component of Ellis's A-B-C theory.Which of the following best exemplifies the type of work Max and his therapist might do while working on the D component?
A) Identifying more specifically the trigger for Max's anxiety
B) Discovering the event(s) in Max's personal history that may have contributed to his fear of airplanes
C) Challenging Max's beliefs about the dangers of airplanes
D) Designing exposures to the emotional consequence to make Max more accustomed to high levels of anxiety
Q3) Explain the goal of rational emotive behavior therapy and tell how it is achieved.
Q4) Discuss the theory of personality behind cognitive therapy.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Zen Buddhism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wisdom is to compassion as ________ is to ________.
A) bodhisattva; arhat
B) Mahayana; Hinayana
C) Soto; Rinzai
D) Theravada; Mahayana
Q2) Why do Zen masters insist that they have nothing to teach?
A) Because enlightenment cannot be taught; it must be experienced
B) Because most Zen masters remain unenlightened themselves
C) Because there is such a vast body of knowledge to master that what they know seems trivial
D) Because they are being humble
Q3) The ugly duckling story is similar to the experience of the enlightenment because,when the duckling realized that he was a swan,
A) he realized that nothing had changed.
B) he knew that he was better than the ducks.
C) he felt out of sorts.
D) he was eager to follow the other swans.
Q4) How can Western psychotherapists increase their cultural sensitivity to Zen Buddhist clients? To what extent should they adopt their approaches to psychotherapy?
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Chapter 18: Conclusion personality Theory in Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) How could psychology become "more scientific" by being "less scientistic"?
A) By disregarding everything other than extrospective observation
B) By including more broadly based experiential data
C) By limiting itself to that which can be precisely defined, articulated, and measured
D) By studying only phenomena that allow for prediction and control
Q2) Which of the following theorists would be most concerned with the art of counseling?
A) Ellis, Beck, and Lazarus
B) Cattell and Eysenck
C) Buss and Plomin
D) Bandura and Rotter
Q3) What issues in personality theory might become topics of study as a consequence of the 9/11 terrorist attacks,the genocide in Darfur,the killings at Virginia Tech,and other recent tragedies? What will be some relevant topics in personality theory in the near future?
Q4) How might the recent emphasis on neurobiology and spirituality in personality theory translate into changes in efforts to help individuals with psychological problems?
Q5) Ultimately,is the study of personality more philosophy,science,or art?
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Page 20