Course Introduction
Personality Psychology Practice Questions
Personality Psychology explores the theories, research methods, and empirical findings related to the study of personality. This course examines the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish individuals from one another, considering both biological and environmental influences. Key topics include major theoretical approaches such as trait, psychodynamic, humanistic, and social-cognitive perspectives, as well as the assessment and measurement of personality. Additionally, the course considers applications in real-world contexts and the implications of personality for mental health and interpersonal relationships.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 7th Edition by David C. Funder
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1493 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a primary goal of the phenomenological approach to personality?
A) understanding mental conflicts
B) measuring and conceptualizing individual differences
C) discovering how conscious awareness produces uniquely human characteristics
D) applying principles of associationism to help reduce negative behaviors
Answer: C
Q2) ________ theories of personality apply the insights and methods derived from the study of perception,memory,and thought to the study of personality.
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Trait
C) Cognitive
D) Phenomenological.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is one of the basic approaches to personality?
A) applied
B) psychological triad
C) ethnographical assessment
D) psychoanalytic
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most important and generally useful way to enhance reliability is to ________.
A) use the smallest possible number of items
B) measure something that is important
C) aggregate your measurements
D) maximize error variance
Answer: C
Q2) The fact that much of modern empirical research in psychology has been based on white,middle-class college sophomores may reduce the ________ of psychological research.
A) generalizability
B) reliability
C) validity
D) statistical significance
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that a researcher conducts a study and fails to find a statistically significant correlation between exercise and weight loss.However,there is a real association between exercise and weight loss in the population.What kind of error has this researcher made?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) correlational
Answer: B
Q2) All projective tests ________.
A) involve stimuli with no clear meaning
B) involve the construction of stories and narratives
C) require choosing among multiple, predetermined alternatives
D) rely on computer scoring methods
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior
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Q1) A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that ________.
A) individual differences cannot be measured reliably
B) situations do not affect behavior
C) people are inconsistent
D) correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size
Q2) According to situationists,the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as ________.
A) .10 to .20
B) .30 to .40
C) .50 to .60
D) .70 to .80
Q3) In order to improve personality research,researchers can ________.
A) check for factors that predict consistency
B) predict behavioral trends rather than single acts
C) measure behavior in real life
D) all of the above
Q4) Describe why the Funder and Ozer (1983)calculation of effect sizes from famous experiments in social psychology is important for undermining the situationist argument.How does Funder believe that these results should be interpreted?
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Chapter 5: Personality Judgment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the strongest situation using the psychological definition of a strong situation?
A) a party
B) an unstructured job interview
C) a funeral
D) free time on a Saturday afternoon
Q2) Describe why everyday judgments of personality are important.Describe consequences in the interpersonal domain as well as the achievement-related domain of work or school.
Q3) In a study of social expectancies,Snyder,Tanke,and Berscheid (1977)found that if male participants were shown a photograph of an attractive woman and told they would be interacting with her by telephone,the female participant they actually spoke with ________.
A) rated herself as more attractive than the woman in the photograph
B) rated herself as less attractive than the woman in the photograph
C) was rated by other people as behaving in a warm, humorous, and friendly manner
D) was rated by other people as behaving in a cold, aloof, and unfriendly manner
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Chapter 6: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
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Q1) The lower your score is on measures of psychological health and well-being,the
A) higher your score is on agreeableness
B) higher your score is on neuroticism
C) higher your score is on self-monitoring
D) lower your score is on authoritarianism
Q2) What are the essential traits according to Hans Eysenck?
A) neuroticism/extraversion/openness to experience
B) neuroticism/extraversion/psychoticism
C) ego control/ego resiliency/ego adjustment
D) positive emotionality/negative emotionality/constraint
Q3) Sally is a strong proponent of the lexical hypothesis.Where would she likely begin her search for the essential traits of personality?
A) the dictionary
B) by observing the personalities of nonhuman animals
C) Eysenck's theories
D) ancient Greek medical texts
Q4) How were the Big Five discovered? Define and describe each of the Big Five trait domains.What essential questions about strangers do these dimensions address?
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Chapter 7: Personality Stability, Development, and Change
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Q1) Laura has just graduated from college.She is highly motivated and very extraverted.How and why will she remain the same? How and why might her personality change? Identify and discuss the social,environmental,and physical factors that will affect her personality development.
Q2) Research suggests that women who follow ________ reported being content and satisfied with life 20 years after graduation.
A) the Feminine Social Clock
B) the Masculine Social Clock
C) neither the Feminine Social Clock nor the social clock
D) either the Feminine Social Clock or Masculine Social Clock
Q3) According to the text,the personality one begins with is known as one's ________.
A) rank-order consistency
B) trait structure
C) temperament
D) social clock
Q4) How capable are we of changing ourselves? Are we passive or active in the process? Identify interventions and techniques used to aid in effortful personal change.
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Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
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Q1) ________ levels of testosterone have been observed in dominant males competing with other males for the attention of women,and ________ levels of testosterone have been observed for men entering fatherhood.
A) Low; high
B) High; high
C) Low; low
D) High; low
Q2) ________ is a phenomenon that explains the tendency for the function of one part of the brain to depend on the activity of another.
A) Neural context
B) Inhibitory activity
C) Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)
D) Perfusion imaging (PI)
Q3) What term refers to brain regions that have been injured,removed,or destroyed?
A) lesions
B) afferent areas
C) tomographs
D) efferent areas
Q4) Parkinson's Disease
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Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology
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Q1) Human flexibility
A)Evolution of a cerebral cortex enables humans to have the ability to overcome innate urges.
B)It is not necessary for people to be consciously aware of what evolutionary theory says is required for reproductive success.
C)For any theoretical proposal in science, alternative explanations are always possible.
D)The differences between men and women in mate selection and other behaviors are built-in through biological evolution.
E)Evolutionary psychologists are not concerned with the moral justification or condemnation of any one aspect of the human psyche.
Q2) According to estimates based on twin studies,the average heritability coefficient of many traits of personality is about ________ when using self-reports of personality.
A) .20
B) .40
C) .80
D) 1.0
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Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
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Q1) What is the difference between the mind and the brain according to the psychoanalytic perspective?
A) The mind is the psychological product of the brain's activity.
B) The brain is the psychological product of the mind's activity.
C) The brain is the physical product of the mind's activity.
D) The mind is the physical product of the brain's activity.
Q2) Identify and describe the four key ideas of psychoanalysis.Provide clear examples as to how these are exemplified by specific concepts in Freud's theory.
Q3) What does Freud mean by identification?
A) the process by which a child takes on attitudes and values of the same-sex parent
B) the ability of a child to recognize attachment figures in his or her world
C) successful recognition and classification of different objects in the child's world
D) the child's ability to have empathy and to identify with another person's situation
Q4) Describe the stages of psychological development according to Freud.Identify the physical focus and psychological theme of each stage.
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Chapter 11: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations,
and Current Research
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Q1) According to Melanie Klein,a child who idealizes a parent also ________.
A) feels hatred toward that parent
B) feels unconditional love toward that parent
C) desires to have all of that parent's traits
D) feels very ambivalent toward that parent
Q2) Freud's latency period corresponds to Erikson's stage of ________.
A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) identity vs. identity confusion
C) initiative vs. guilt
D) industry vs. inferiority
Q3) All of the following Freudian ideas were reinterpreted by David Funder in the textbook EXCEPT ________.
A) identification with parents during the phallic stage
B) the stages of psychosexual development
C) the definition of libido
D) the concept of defense mechanisms
Q4) Identify and discuss the four principles of object relations theory.How is attachment theory similar to object relations theory?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following virtues does NOT appear to be particularly important in Eastern traditions?
A) humanity
B) justice
C) temperance
D) courage
Q2) One possible interpretation of the basic phenomenological philosophy is that
A) the same objective reality exists for diverse groups of people and different cultures
B) all interpretations of reality are equally valid
C) if you look at the world through another's eyes, you will realize that your own worldview is invalid
D) all behavior, thoughts, and feelings are determined by past experience
Q3) What is positive psychology and how is it directly linked to humanistic perspectives? What is potentially new about this movement? What elements of humanistic psychology have yet to be fully addressed by this approach?
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Chapter 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
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Q1) The tendency to see members of your own group as very different from one another but the members of groups to which you do not belong as very similar to each other is called the ________.
A) ethnocentric error
B) in-group favoritism bias
C) bicultural contrast error
D) outgroup homogeneity bias
Q2) Studies of cross-cultural gender differences in the Big Five tend to find that ________.
A) few Big Five gender differences replicate across societies
B) the size and direction of gender differences on these traits are the same in all societies
C) the size of the gender differences is larger in more-developed societies than in less-developed societies
D) the direction and size of gender differences on these traits fluctuate widely across societies
Q3) What is culture? Why are personality psychologists interested in cross-cultural differences? What are some of the reasons why this is a difficult topic of study?
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Chapter 14: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories
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Q1) It has been suggested that chronic anxiety is the result of ________.
A) repeated pairing of a common stimulus with an unpleasant response
B) the occurrence of one predictable negative event
C) repeated exposure to aversive stimuli that are unpredictable and random
D) second-order conditioning and stimulus generalization
Q2) John Watson
A)S-R association theory
B)if then contingency model
C)Social learning theory
D)Operant conditioning model
E)Expectancy value theory
Q3) Behavioral and situational specificity
A)One can lessen the actual use of punishment.
B)The behavior and its punishment are directly related.
C)The exact circumstances of the punishment are made clear.
D)The correct behavior is rewarded.
E)Punishment will mean punishment, and nothing else.
Q4) Define reciprocal determinism and explain how it fits into Bandura's social learning theory.How does this concept apply to other concepts in personality psychology?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concepts that are readily available in the mind on such a frequent basis that they become part of one's personality are said to be ________.
A) chronically accessible
B) hypoactivated
C) praxes
D) individuated
Q2) Which of the following is the typical way that primary goals,as defined by McClelland,are assessed?
A) having participants list all personally meaningful goals
B) completing a standard goal questionnaire
C) using the Thematic Apperception Test
D) using the Implicit Association Test
Q3) What are the two basic dimensions of the emotional circumplex model proposed by Averill?
A) aroused-unaroused and negative-positive
B) agency-communion and negative-positive
C) strong-weak and aroused-unaroused
D) aroused-unaroused and agency-communion
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Chapter 16: The Self: What You Know About You
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Q1) Cory is studying for his psychology exam.According to research on long-term memory,what would be an effective way for Cory to retain the material?
A) rewrite all of his notes
B) think about how it relates to his life
C) visualize his professor teaching the material
D) repeat the material aloud over and over again
Q2) William James believed that our ________ includes ________.
A) I self; our possessions
B) I self; our personality traits only
C) me self; our possessions
D) me self; our personality traits only
Q3) The clarity of self-concept ________ between young adulthood and middle age and ________ during old age.
A) increases; decreases
B) decreases; increases
C) stays the same; increases
D) decreases; stays the same
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Chapter 17: Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health
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Q1) Which French psychiatrist identified the problem known as madness without distortion (manie sans delire)?
A) Jean-Paul Sartre
B) Philippe Pinel
C) Renee De Gaul
D) Jacques De Franco
Q2) Conscientiousness
A)Disinhibition
B)Detachment
C)Negative affectivity
D)Antagonism
Q3) A description such as "emotional hemophilia" applies most accurately to which personality disorder?
A) borderline
B) avoidant
C) dependent
D) schizoid
Q4) What two aspects define the ideal "healthy personality"? What can individuals do in their everyday lives to reach this ideal in both of these domains?
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Chapter 18: Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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Q1) Each personality paradigm effectively addresses its own key concerns ________. A) and has corresponding therapeutic interventions that will change behavior
B) as well as the concerns of the other paradigms
C) and attempts to explain the functioning of the unconscious D) but tends to ignore pretty much everything else
Q2) Francis is deciding whether or not to take a job in Chicago.According to the chapter,what is Francis confronting right now?
A) a shift in social status
B) an opportunity cost
C) an environmental factor
D) a choice point
Q3) Research from the ________ has demonstrated the consistency of a pattern of thought like pessimism.
A) trait paradigm
B) behavioral paradigm
C) cognitive paradigm
D) psychoanalytic paradigm
Q4) Why is it important to maintain an awareness of alternative approaches to the study of personality?
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