Course Introduction
Personality Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Personality Psychology explores the scientific study of individual differences in thought, emotion, and behavior. This course examines major theories of personality, including psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, social-cognitive, and biological perspectives. Students will analyze methods used to assess personality, investigate the roles of genetics and environment, and consider how personality develops and influences adjustment, mental health, and interpersonal relationships. The course also discusses the application of personality research in real-world contexts, such as occupational settings and clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 7th Edition by David C. Funder
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18 Chapters
1493 Verified Questions
1493 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What characteristics of individuals predict health?
A)Applied
B)Biological
C)Learning
D)Phenomenological.
E)Psychoanalytic
F)Trait
Answer: F
Q2) How do people from individualist cultures differ from others?
A)Applied
B)Biological
C)Learning
D)Phenomenological
E)Psychoanalytic
F)Trait
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
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105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you can get the same answer repeatedly,then your measure is ________.
A) reliable
B) valid
C) significant
D) generalizable
Answer: A
Q2) What term describes computer-assisted methods to measure thoughts and feelings that occur during normal daily activities?
A) experiential assessment
B) ambulatory assessment
C) projective assessment
D) digitally assisted experimental assessment
Answer: B
Q3) A major disadvantage of L data is ________.
A) that they provide too much information
B) that informants may have access to only a narrow range of the target's behavior
C) that the data are influenced by multiple factors besides just personality
D) that judges may be biased about the person they are describing
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that a researcher conducts a study and fails to find a statistically significant correlation between exercise and weight loss.However,there is a real association between exercise and weight loss in the population.What kind of error has this researcher made?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) correlational
Answer: B
Q2) Inventories derived from the empirical method sometimes have items that seem strange or even objectionable to test takers ________.
A) in order to catch test takers who are faking responses
B) because those items correlated with outcomes of interest to the test developers
C) to identify test takers who are prudish and close-minded
D) because those items seemed the most content-valid to the test developers
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) A long life is associated with what trait?
A) openness to experience
B) self-monitoring
C) neuroticism
D) conscientiousness
Q2) One response to Mischel's critique asserts that a fair review of the research on the predictability of behavior from personality traits indicates that ________.
A) behavior can never be reliably predicted from personality variables
B) the predictability of behavior from personality traits is better than is sometimes acknowledged
C) the predictability of behavior from situations is worse than the predictability from personality
D) Mischel was right that personality traits are unpredictable from behavior
Q3) A correlation of .30 leaves 84 percent of the variance "unexplained."
A)Situationist critique
B)Walter Mischel
C)Pro-personality response
D)David Funder
E)Henry Murray
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Personality Judgment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shy people fear social interactions and often feel lonely.They are typically perceived by others as ________.
A) shy
B) cold and aloof
C) warm and friendly
D) sensitive and intelligent
Q2) Which of the following is assessed in the process of convergent validation?
A) interjudge agreement
B) constructivism
C) critical realism
D) first impressions
Q3) What is a moderator variable? Identify the four moderators of accuracy detailed in the text,and provide clear examples for each moderator.
Q4) Recent research on the good judge of personality indicated that the good judge was ________.
A) extraverted
B) a high self-monitor
C) narcissistic
D) agreeable
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Chapter 6: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
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Q1) Which of the Big Five traits appears to be the most complex and "difficult to grasp"?
A) neuroticism
B) extraversion
C) psychoticism
D) openness
Q2) Which essential trait theorist developed a model with the strongest ties to psychoanalytic ideas?
A) Jack Block
B) Hans Eysenck
C) Auke Tellegen
D) Raymond Cattell
Q3) A researcher using factor analysis to identify basic traits is likely to favor the ________ approach.
A) single-trait
B) many-trait
C) essential-trait
D) typological
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Chapter 7: Personality Stability, Development, and Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joe just got back from a month long trip to Africa.According to the text,what are the likely long-term effects of his trip?
A) an increase in his self-confidence and social skills
B) a decrease in verbal fluency
C) an increased appreciation for his hometown and family
D) a decreased sense of self
Q2) Personality development is ________.
A) the mean level change of a trait over time
B) the cross-situational consistency of a trait
C) the rank-order change of a trait across individuals
D) the change in social status of an individual over time
Q3) According to a study investigating personality change among young Germans,those who completed community service increased in ________at a higher rate than those who entered into the military.
A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) extraversion
D) emotional stability
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9
Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
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Q1) What part of the human brain seems to be the most distinct from the brains of nonhuman animals?
A) hypothalamus
B) amygdala
C) hippocampus
D) neocortex
Q2) What brain region seems to connect the two halves of the brain?
A) brain stem
B) frontal lobes
C) corpus callosum
D) hippocampus
Q3) Describe the evolution of psychosurgery.What important principles about the brain are illustrated by the limited successes of psychosurgeries?
Q4) Which brain region is important for detecting a discrepancy between the actual world and expectations about the world?
A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) anterior cingulate
D) right frontal lobe
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Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology
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Q1) If Sally believes that anything natural is morally acceptable,she is committing a ________ fallacy.
A) naturalistic
B) reductionistic
C) justificationist
D) evolutionary
Q2) A woman who mates with an unstable but attractive man seems to follow a different reproductive strategy than most other women.This idea is called ________.
A) the sexy son hypothesis
B) taking the reproductive high road
C) the adaptive option proposal
D) evolutionary roaming
Q3) Kevin is placing a personal ad in the local paper.According to evolutionary predictions about mate selection,he will most likely mention his ________ when describing himself.
A) physical attractiveness
B) propensity for jealousy
C) financial resources
D) young age
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Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
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Q1) What term did Freud use to describe the psychological respite or time out that occurs before the genital stage?
A) exploratory stage
B) rest period
C) latency stage
D) moratorium stage
Q2) In the last two years,Marcus has had more than three dozen sexual partners.Marcus has likely developed a fixation in the ________.
A) genital stage
B) oral stage
C) latency period
D) phallic stage
Q3) When she is scared,25-year-old Maria becomes very passive and dependent.Maria is experiencing ________.
A) regression
B) transference
C) sublimation
D) libidinal restructuring
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Chapter 11: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians,
Object Relations, and Current Research
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Q1) According to Melanie Klein,a child who idealizes a parent also ________.
A) feels hatred toward that parent
B) feels unconditional love toward that parent
C) desires to have all of that parent's traits
D) feels very ambivalent toward that parent
Q2) According to Drew Westen,all of the following studies might be described as psychoanalytic research EXCEPT a study ________.
A) about genetic contributions to infant attachment
B) about the impact of sexual and aggressive wishes on behavior
C) to determine the impact of early child-rearing practices on adult personality characteristics
D) about self-deception and self-defensive thought
Q3) The idea that men and women each have a masculine and a feminine side is linked to Jung's ideas about ________.
A) intimacy and isolation
B) inferiority and compensation
C) the collective unconscious
D) animus and anima
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Chapter 12: Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
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Q1) ________ is a term for the time,place,and circumstances into which you happened to be born.
A) Existential location
B) Eigenwelt
C) Thrown-ness
D) Angst
Q2) According to the text,which of the following questions is central positive and humanistic psychology but is NOT traditional psychology?
A) What is the meaning of life?
B) How are people different from one another?
C) How are people motivated to succeed?
D) What parts of the brain relate to our personality?
Q3) ________ psychology is based on the premise that to understand a person,you must understand his or her unique view of reality.
A) Existential
B) Humanistic
C) Cultural
D) Psychoanalytic.
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Chapter 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
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Q1) Face
A)High sensitivity to threats to reputation
B)Limited acceptance for those outside cultural norms
C)Belief that one's value is directly linked to one's own success overcoming obstacles
D)Belief that the needs of the group outweigh the needs of the individual
E)Availability of goals and the ways to achieve them are limited
F)Belief that people are unique
G)Belief that one's value is unrelated to others' opinions
H)Emphasis on attaining goals
I)Avoidance of social conflict through hierarchy, humility, and harmony
J)Sensitivity to success and failure
Q2) According to the ecological approach,differences in ecology generate differences in ________,which in turn shapes ________.
A) socialization; culture
B) personality; culture
C) culture; socialization
D) behavior; personality
Q3) What are the reasons why cultural differences in personality might be exaggerated?
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Chapter 14: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories
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Q1) Mark thinks that if he asks for a $50-a-week raise,he will definitely get it.He really wants a $75-a-week raise and thinks his chances of getting a raise of that amount are about 25 percent.Expectancy value theory would predict that Mark will ask for a ________-a-week raise,and classic behaviorism would predict that he will ask for a ________-a-week raise.
A) $50; $75
B) $75; $50
C) $50; $50
D) $75; $75
Q2) Describe how classic learning theory principles can be used to explain superstitious behavior (do not consider principles of social learning theory).Explain how these learning theory ideas can also be used to understand something more pervasive such as aggressive behavior.
Q3) According to Mischel,what is the most important aspect of personality and cognition?
A) Personality traits are subordinate to cognitive processes.
B) Cognitive processes are subordinate to personality traits.
C) The many systems of personality and cognition interact.
D) Systems of personality and cognition operate in a serial process.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the two basic dimensions of the emotional circumplex model proposed by Averill?
A) aroused-unaroused and negative-positive
B) agency-communion and negative-positive
C) strong-weak and aroused-unaroused
D) aroused-unaroused and agency-communion
Q2) According to research and theory about goals,it is most advantageous to have the ability to ________.
A) focus primarily on general, long-term goals
B) shift between short- and long-term goals
C) focus primarily on very specific goals
D) set general goals that are separate from your daily activities
Q3) A strong,consistent,and stable tendency to experience positive and energizing emotions is the fundamental feature of what trait?
A) neuroticism
B) extraversion
C) openness
D) achievement motivation
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Chapter 16: The Self: What You Know About You
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Q1) ________ is NOT one of the key functions of the self.
A) Facilitating self-regulation
B) Serving as an information processing filter
C) Facilitating basic and reflexive responses to environmental contingences
D) Fulfilling identity functions.
Q2) When people think about their own behavior,they tend to believe that their ________.
A) behavior arises from who they are
B) behavior is the logical response to the situation
C) behavior arises from a chronic pattern of activities
D) "positive" behaviors are always a result of the situation
Q3) Coaches often try to make their athletes believe they have the talent to succeed.What self-related concept are the coaches trying to improve?
A) the feared self
B) self-references
C) self-discrepancies
D) self-efficacy
Q4) Describe how the realistic accuracy model can be applied to self-knowledge.How does this model explain why accurate self-knowledge can be difficult to achieve?
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Chapter 17: Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health
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Q1) Borderline
A)Characterized by stubborn, ritualistic behavior
B)Expectations of criticism force individuals to resort to extreme social withdrawal
C)Expectations of unconditional recognition and admiration of others
D)Characterized by manipulation, deceit, recklessness, and impulsivity
E)Characterized by unstable and confused behavior and patterns of self-harm
F)Involves distortions of reality, jumbled thinking, and hallucinations
Q2) Research on the Type A Personality disorder has ________ in recent years.
A) increased
B) become more biologically rooted
C) declined
D) stayed the same
Q3) A recent cross-lagged correlational study shows that being sick leads to ________ but that the reverse isn't true.
A) negative emotions
B) long-term anxiety
C) increased optimism
D) no change in emotionality
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19
Chapter 18: Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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Q1) If a psychologist is interested in understanding the thinking and feeling that underlie behavior,she should take the ________ approach to studying personality.
A) trait
B) humanism
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic
Q2) What are the three most important core themes you learned from the textbook and your personality class? You must clearly justify why these themes are important and why they offer critical insights into human nature.How can these themes be applied to everyday life in terms of understanding your own behavior or the behavior of those around you?
Q3) If a psychologist is interested in knowing more about the relationship between conscientiousness and health,she should take the ________ approach to studying personality.
A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) trait
D) psychoanalytic
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