Course Introduction
Personality Psychology
Exam Materials
Personality Psychology explores the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make individuals unique. This course examines major theories and approaches to understanding personality, including trait, psychodynamic, humanistic, social-cognitive, and biological perspectives. Students will analyze methods of assessing personality, consider cultural and developmental influences, and evaluate the impact of personality on psychological adjustment, health, and interpersonal relationships. Through case studies and empirical research, the course encourages critical thinking about the stability, structure, and dynamics of personality across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Theory and Research 12th Edition by Daniel Cervone
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15 Chapters
1423 Verified Questions
1423 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that temperament is
A) strongly determined by biological and genetic factors.
B) is not influenced by the environment.
C) can be influenced by the environment.
D) a & b
E) a & c
Answer: E
Q2) In the final analysis, it is how comprehensive a theory is that serves as the best measure of its value.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Theories are evaluated in terms of whether they are true and valid.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: The Scientific Study of People
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on personality and health indicates that high levels of heart disease risk factors are associated with high levels of
A) intelligence.
B) hostility.
C) extraversion.
D) stereotype threat.
Answer: B
Q2) Supporters of using verbal self-reports argue that A) these are data.
B) they are reliable.
C) they are valid.
D) all of the above.
Answer: A
Q3) Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.
A) L-data
B) O-data
C) T-data
D) S-data
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds
Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following defense mechanisms involves replacement of the original object of gratification with a higher cultural goal?
A) repression.
B) sublimation.
C) denial.
D) reaction-formation.
Answer: B
Q2) The student who said (s)he flunked the major exam because the questions were childish is using the defense mechanism called A) undoing.
B) projection.
C) reaction-formation.
D) rationalization.
Answer: D
Q3) It is commonly accepted that stimuli not consciously perceived may still influence our thoughts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter
Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Good-me, bad-me, not-me are concepts of A) Sullivan.
B) Horney.
C) Jung.
D) Hume.
Q2) Little Hans was afraid of horses because (of)
A) he fell off a horse at an early age.
B) castration anxiety.
C) oral fixation.
D) none of the above.
Q3) In psychoanalysis, the "royal road" to the unconscious is A) dreams.
B) transference.
C) catharsis.
D) all of the above.
Q4) Discuss Freud's view of how psychoanalysis leads to positive personality change.
Page 6
Q5) Free association is free in the sense of being uninfluenced by neurotic conflicts. A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 5: A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers
Person-Centered Theory of Personality
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents of children with high self-esteem
A) set clearly defined limits which are enforced.
B) use punishments rather than awards for behaviors.
C) are autocratic.
D) don't compromise their methods of control.
Q2) The Q-sort can be used as a quantitative measure of
A) the difference in meaning between two concepts.
B) the independence of various motives.
C) anxiety associated with incongruence.
D) depression associated with incongruence.
Q3) Relative to nondefensive subjects, defensive subjects are likely to A) be more self-actualizing.
B) recall more stimuli inconsistent with the self.
C) recall fewer stimuli inconsistent with the self.
D) show no difference in recall of stimuli inconsistent with the self.
Q4) Which of the following is not expressive of Rogers?
A) experience is the highest authority.
B) people have inherently cruel parts.
C) life is a flowing, changing process.
D) people drop false fronts when provided with security.
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Chapter 6: A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What goal(s) underlie Seligman and colleagues' development of a classification of human strengths?
A) To bring the positive side of human nature to the attention of psychological scientists.
B) To foster systematic research on the positive side of human nature.
C) Both a and b are correct.
D) Neither a nor b are correct.
Q2) Rogers' defensive behavior had many similarities to those of Freud.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Rogers' views concerning therapeutic factors can be tied to
A) his theory of growth and development.
B) the psychoanalytic concept of transference.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q4) According to the text,
A) it is impossible to be completely phenomenological.
B) self-report data are worthless.
C) Rogers ignores systematic inquiry.
D) all of the above.
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport,
Eyesneck and Cattell
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Eysenck, the basis for individual differences in introversion-extraversion is differences in
A) physiological functioning.
B) intelligence.
C) neither (a) nor (b).
D) both (a) and (b).
Q2) Factor analysis assumes that behaviors that function or vary with one another are related.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The trait theorist most accepting of psychoanalytic theory was A) Allport.
B) Eysenck.
C) Cattell.
D) none of the above.
Q4) Which is not a property of traits?
A) frequency.
B) centrality.
C) intensity.
D) range of situations.
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Chapter 8: Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critics of trait theory mostly focus on the problem of A) cross-situational consistency.
B) longitudinal consistency.
C) multivariate research.
D) hierarchical organization.
Q2) Trait data on Jim brought out his A) mood swings.
B) strong appetite.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q3) Overall, cross-cultural research on the Big Five suggests that
A) none of the traits are universal
B) all of the Big Five are pretty universal.
C) at least three of the Big Five are universal.
D) only one of the Big Five is universal.
Q4) The fundamental lexical hypothesis suggests that people
A) encode into language important individual differences.
B) encode into language basic biological determinants.
C) are different from one another.
D) rely on language to communicate ideas.
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Chapter 9: Biological Foundations of Personality
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body of evidence to date suggests that
A) the family environment is unimportant for personality.
B) genes are more important than environment for overall personality.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
Q2) The amygdala is particularly important in relation to positive stimuli.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Serotonin is implicated in schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Criticism of evolutionary psychology include
A) they underestimate the role of social influences.
B) they are inconsistent with basic research in neuroscience.
C) evolutionary psychology fails to explain individual differences in the interpretation of ambiguous social situations.
D) all of the above.
Q5) According to Kagan, high reactivity is associated with uninhibited temperament.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rorschach is to ABC as
A) sign is to sample.
B) sample is to sign.
C) TAT is to NBC.
D) none of the above.
Q2) The text notes that the key structural unit for the behavioral approach to personality is
A) the response.
B) the stimulus.
C) the S-R association.
D) the erg.
Q3) In the sample approach to assessment, traits are inferred from test behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The key aspect of a reinforcer is that it influences the probability of a response.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain why Skinner argued against the idea that people have free will.
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Chapter 11: A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal
Construct Theory of Personality
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kelly, to understand a construct we must know its
A) similarity pole.
B) contrast pole.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q2) The Rep test is a very flexible assessment technique.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Although Kelly did not use a conscious-unconscious construct, he did employ a construct(s) which, in may ways, resembled (resemble) Freud's notion of the unconscious. That construct(s) is (are)
A) verbal construct.
B) preverbal construct.
C) submerged construct.
D) both (b) and (c).
Q4) For Kelly psychopathology involves maladaptive learned responses.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) Describe Kelly's approach to personality change and contrast it with that of Freud.
Chapter 12: Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social cognitive theory, goal-directed behavior can be explained in terms of
A) performance standards.
B) feedback information.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q2) In Michel's delay of gratification paradigm, children get a large reward if they
A) wait for a designated period of time.
B) have a high sense of self-efficacy.
C) show an if . . . then . . . behavioral signature.
D) all of the above.
Q3) Social cognitive theorists strongly emphasize
A) variability in behavior.
B) traits
C) reinforcers in the acquisition of responses.
D) all of the above.
Q4) The process of learning emotional reactions through observing others is known as vicarious conditioning.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions,
Applications, and Evaluation
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dweck's research on learning and performance goals is relevant to the phenomenon of
A) repression.
B) genetic influences.
C) text anxiety.
D) schizophrenia.
Q2) Is social cognitive theory a comprehensive theory of personality? What are its primary limitations in this regard?
Q3) According to research, people who have _____________beliefs concerning emotion should be better at regulating emotions than those with ___________beliefs, because they tend to be more likely to experience social support.
A) entity; incremental
B) self-efficacy; incremental
C) incremental; entity
D) self-efficacy; entity
Q4) Males and females basically have identical self-schema.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations,
Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who strategically use negative thinking to motivate themselves are called
A) highly motivated people.
B) neurotics.
C) defensive pessimists.
D) high in rejection sensitivity.
Q2) Research based on the KAPA model of personality architecture reveals personality consistency across
A) idiosyncratic sets of situations.
B) fixed, nomothetically-defined sets of situations.
C) pleasant situations.
D) unpleasant situations.
Q3) Older adults are most motivated to develop new skills.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The quote from Clifford Geertz suggests that
A) personality influences culture.
B) culture influences personality.
C) culture is unimportant to personality.
D) there is no such thing as human nature without culture.
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Chapter 15: An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text suggests that although theories of personality differ in the importance given to psychopathology, they pretty much agree on the explanation of it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The therapy in which individuals are asked to behave as if they were a different person is
A) fixed-role therapy.
B) RET.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) behavior therapy.
Q3) According to the text, the task for personality psychology is to
A) account for patterns of stability and change.
B) focus on development of a psychology of the environment.
C) focus on development of a psychology of character structure.
D) account for behavioral aggregates.
Q4) Compare the strengths and limitations of three theoretical approaches covered in the text.
Q5) Discuss the relationships among theory, approach to research, and approach to assessment in the light of the theories covered in the text.
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