Personality Psychology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Personality Psychology explores the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish individuals from one another. The course examines major theories and perspectives on personality, including trait, psychodynamic, humanistic, social-cognitive, and biological approaches. Students will learn how researchers measure personality, investigate its development over the lifespan, and examine the impact of genetics and environment. Applications to mental health, work, relationships, and social behavior are discussed, alongside current research and debates in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition by Susan C. Cloninger
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17 Chapters
2036 Verified Questions
2036 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Categories of people with similar characteristics are called A) factors.
B) traits.
C) types.
D) sets.
Answer: C
Q2) Most personality research is idiographic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A hypothesis is
A) an abstract statement telling how two theoretical constructs are related.
B) a statement saying how a theoretical construct can be measured.
C) a prediction about observations in research.
D) a proposal to change the way personality is developed, based on theoretical considerations.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud praised __________ as "the royal road to the unconscious."
A) hallucinations
B) dreams
C) hypnosis
D) free association
Answer: B
Q2) Silverman tested psychoanalytic research using the technique of
A) dream interpretation.
B) Rorschach inkblot tests.
C) hypnosis.
D) subliminal psychodynamic activation.
Answer: D
Q3) People with a repressive coping style
A) seldom become anxious.
B) usually outgrow this defensiveness.
C) use negative emotion as a cue to repress or forget material.
D) all of the above.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jung, prejudice against racial minorities involves projection of the A) anima.
B) animus.
C) shadow.
D) dominant function.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is/are part of the personal unconscious?
A) the anima
B) the animus
C) the shadow
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Jung criticized people as "ego inflated" if they identify too closely with their conscious experience.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe a person's fundamental motivation, according to Adler.
Q2) Adler's "social interest" is the same thing as extraversion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not one of Adler's "tasks of life"?
A) love
B) reproduction
C) social interaction
D) work
Q4) When inferiority feelings are not overcome and growth stagnates, they are called an inferiority complex.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Some "ruling type" people are high achievers.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Social interaction is an important task of life, according to Adler.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An overemphasis of work as a basis of identity can be harmful to development according to Erikson
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Erikson's third psychosocial stage, the child acts in a(n) __________ mode.
A) intrusive
B) incompetent
C) incorporative
D) selfish
Q3) Erikson is best known for extending Freud's concept of the A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) Oedipus complex.
Q4) Erikson's theory ignores cultural factors.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Erikson's theory, each stage of development has a characteristic crisis. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal
Psychoanalytic
Theory
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did Rene Spitz observe about attachment in infants in orphanages?
A) Human touch and love was unimportant for the well-being of the infants.
B) Adequate food and medical care were all that was necessary for healthy development of the infants.
C) Infants became ill and some died without human touch and love, even with proper nutrition and medical care.
D) There is no relationship between attachment and well-being.
Q2) Some feminist theorists urge that "feminine" strengths such as __________ should be more positively valued.
A) independence.
B) aggression.
C) pornography.
D) empathy.
Q3) Blind spots prevent us from
A) detecting dangers in the world.
B) realizing how little our parents really loved us.
C) seeing our own faults.
D) experiencing jealousy.
Q4) List and describe Horney's three interpersonal orientations.
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Q5) Discuss Horney's ideas about cultural determinants of personality and neurosis.
Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allport described __________ traits as traits that are possessed by only one person.
A) central
B) cardinal
C) common
D) individual
Q2) Allport's saying, "The same heat that melts the butter hardens the egg" illustrates
A) the danger of drugs.
B) the interaction of personality and situations.
C) genetic influence.
D) determinism.
Q3) Discuss Allport's study of rumor transmission during World War II.
Q4) A person who is intrinsically religious is likely to agree with which statement?
A) "My religious beliefs lie behind my whole approach to life."
B) "Women should not be permitted to be ministers."
C) "Being a member of a church is a good way to meet people."
D) "Prayer in public schools violates the U. S. Constitution."
Q5) List and explain characteristics of a mature, healthy adult, according to Allport.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattells 16
Factors and the Big Five
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cattell defined personality as that which permits
A) prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.
B) evaluation of the level of adjustment of a person.
C) selection of an appropriate questionnaire.
D) optimal assignment of individuals to jobs.
Q2) The dynamic lattice shows
A) the impact of heredity.
B) the subsidiary relationships among ergs and metaergs.
C) intrapsychic conflict.
D) personality profiles.
Q3) The specification equation permits
A) determination of the extent to which a trait is inherited.
B) comparison of a person's test scores with standard norms.
C) prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.
D) determination of the extent to which a trait is influenced by the environment.
Q4) Scoring high on Neuroticism can sometimes be positive and helpful in an individual's life.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological Factor Theories
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term that refers to a person's inherited genetic profile is A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) temperament.
D) genome.
Q2) Low levels of norepinephrine, in the tridimensional model proposed by C. R. Cloninger, are associated with A) anxiety.
B) reward dependence.
C) novelty seeking.
D) psychoticism.
Q3) The term heritability refers to A) how much the variability of a trait in a population can be attributed to genetic variation.
B) the similarity of identical twins.
C) the nature-nurture controversy.
D) similarity of physical characteristics, but not of psychological traits, with one's parents.
Q4) What do we know about the influence of heredity on personality?
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Q5) Describe the particular biological differences that contribute to temperament.
Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller,
Skinner, and Staats
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best defines a cue in the sense that Dollard and Miller used the term?
A) a vague idea about what is desired
B) an ordered list of possible responses
C) distinctive stimuli that a person notices at the time of behavior
D) the reward for a behavior
Q2) Punishment
A) has no potential adverse effects.
B) reduces the frequency of behavior.
C) influences only the behavior that is punished.
D) all of the above
Q3) Describe a problem behavior that could be treated using behavior modification.therapy. Explain why behavior modification would be effective.
Q4) Skinner thought that psychology should be concerned with the external causes of behavior, rather than with internal causes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the frustration-aggression hypothesis. How has it been modified by later researchers?
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Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Slot movement describes
A) fitting in to society's roles.
B) becoming a leader in a bureaucracy.
C) extension of the construct system.
D) changing to the contrast pole of a construct.
Q2) All mentally healthy people use the same constructs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Kelly's theory is based on the assumption of A) hedonic relevance.
B) functional analysis.
C) constructive alternativism.
D) cognitive dissonance.
Q4) If a person is outside the range of convenience of a construct, then the contrast pole applies to that person.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe Kelly's approach to therapy.
Q6) Describe the REP test. Give an example of a small (3-item) grid and explain it.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Mischel's terminology, the __________ of an extraverted person might include knowing how to begin a conversation with a stranger and thinking of things to say in a conversation.
A) competencies
B) expectancies
C) person variables
D) traits
Q2) Individual differences in students valuing of their teacher's praise is an example of A) self-efficacy expectancies.
B) subjective stimulus values.
C) encoding strategies.
D) retention processes.
Q3) Terms that we use to describe ourselves and other people, such as "intelligent, outgoing, and empathic," would be called __________ by Mischel.
A) traits
B) personal constructs
C) expectancies
D) subjective stimulus values
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Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Various cognitive techniques, such as symbolic coding, enhance
A) attentional processes.
B) motivational processes.
C) motor reproduction processes.
D) retention processes.
Q2) Children sometimes imitate aggression less if they see the model punished for being aggressive.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person high in self-efficacy
A) is high in overall intelligence.
B) believes he or she can act effectively in a situation.
C) is popular.
D) is healthy.
Q4) Bandura's concept of __________ describes the mutual influences of the person, the environment, and behavior.
A) attentional processes
B) self-regulation
C) reciprocal determinism
D) symbolic coding
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Chapter 14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The real self and the ideal self become more similar after therapy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fully functioning person, according to Rogers?
A) adaptation to others' expectations
B) openness to experience
C) the experience of freedom
D) creativity
Q3) Rogers regarded the fundamental motivation to be
A) the actualizing tendency.
B) the need for security.
C) interpersonal needs.
D) sexual needs.
Q4) What does Rogers recommend that parents provide for their children?
A) conditions of worth
B) conditional positive regard
C) unconditional positive regard
D) a good education
Q5) List and explain characteristics of a fully functioning person.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology
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107 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maslow believed that traditional religions were important for self-actualized people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding religion, Maslow thought that
A) truth should be sought in the traditional religions of our culture.
B) truth should be sought in religions of other cultures.
C) science has made religion obsolete.
D) prophets of the past actually had "peak experiences."
Q3) Self-actualized people have human faults, like the rest of us.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Maslow criticized the desacralization of human experience by professionals, by which he meant
A) the heresy of secular humanism.
B) the loss of the sense of the sacred.
C) the inclusion of values in science, where they do not belong.
D) the failure to appropriately measure psychological qualities.
Q5) Explain what Maslow meant by desacralization and what he suggested should be done about it.
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Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Buddhism, what is the higher stage of consciousness called?
A) enlightenment
B) actualization
C) self-actualization
D) ego-integrity
Q2) According to Buddhism, the origin of suffering is
A) humanity itself.
B) early life experiences
C) detachment.
D) attachment.
Q3) Buddhism describes _____ moments of perception.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 17
D) 25
Q4) Describe the personality of the Dalai Lama including his approach to cognitions, society, and continual development.
Q5) Describe Buddhism's explanation of addiction.
Q6) What is the connection among mind and body in Buddhist thought? Page 18
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Page 19
Chapter 17: Conclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Purposeful striving corresponds most closely to the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) emergent self
C) mechanistic
D) organic
Q2) Mystical beliefs in experience that includes more than the individual ego are most closely associated with the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) transcendent self
C) mechanistic
D) organic
Q3) Rychlak challenges traditional assumptions about __________ within personality theory.
A) biological causation
B) determinism
C) statistical analysis
D) psychopathology
Q4) List and describe three metaphors that have been applied to personality.
Q5) Explain the term "paradigm." How does a paradigm influence research?
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