Course Introduction
Personality Assessment Exam Practice
Tests
Personality Assessment explores the theories, methods, and tools used to evaluate individual differences in personality. The course covers the development, validation, and application of major personality inventories and projective tests, as well as their strengths and limitations. Students will examine the ethical, cultural, and contextual considerations in personality testing, learn how to interpret assessment results, and understand their relevance in clinical, educational, and organizational settings. Through lectures, case studies, and practical exercises, participants will gain hands-on experience in administering and analyzing personality assessments.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition by Susan C. Cloninger
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17 Chapters
2036 Verified Questions
2036 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A personality measure that produces consistent scores from one time to another is A) valid.
B) useless.
C) reliable.
D) projective.
Answer: C
Q2) Who would be more likely to use a nomothetic approach to personality, a researcher or a clinician?
Explain.
Answer: A researcher would be more likely to use a nomothetic approach to personality. This is because a nomothetic approach focuses on identifying general principles and patterns that apply to a group of people, rather than focusing on individual differences. Researchers are often interested in understanding broad trends and patterns in personality traits across different populations, and the nomothetic approach allows them to do so. Clinicians, on the other hand, are more likely to use an idiographic approach, which focuses on understanding the unique characteristics and experiences of individual clients. This approach is more tailored to the specific needs of the individual and is therefore more commonly used in clinical settings.
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Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ego operates according to the pleasure principle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Sex roles, according to Freud, are learned at about age A) two.
B) four.
C) ten.
D) fourteen.
Answer: B
Q3) The unconscious is least likely to be revealed through A) The interpretation of dreams
B) Humor
C) Objective tests
D) Free association
Answer: C
Q4) The anal period occurs when the child is two and three years old.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Jung and Freud first met
A) they argued, and decided they could not be colleagues.
B) they had much to talk about (13 hours worth!).
C) they planned to set up a joint therapy clinic.
D) Jung asked to be Freud's patient.
Answer: B
Q2) According to Jung, projection of the shadow contributes to racial prejudice.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The Word Association Test can be used to identify complexes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) For Jung, mythology
A) involves the collective unconscious.
B) has a numinous (spiritual) dimension.
C) should be an active, creative process.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The three major tasks of life, according to Adler, are
A) school, marriage, and parenthood.
B) life style, financial security, and achievement.
C) self esteem, reputation, and challenge.
D) love, work, and social interaction.
Q2) According to Adler, a socially useful style of life is
A) impossible in modern society.
B) typical of extraverts.
C) a mistaken style of life.
D) healthy.
Q3) Which phrase did Adler use to refer to people who do not develop in a healthy way?
A) mistaken styles of life
B) psychologically underdeveloped
C) neurotic misfits
D) retarded
Q4) Adlerians recommend that problem children should be taken away from their parents.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual orientation exploration can possibly affect broader identity exploration.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are especially vulnerable to developing a sense of
A) identity confusion.
B) inferiority.
C) shame.
D) despair.
Q3) In the integrity vs. isolation stage, the person focuses entirely on the past.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Erikson's wife Joan, described a ninth stage of development that she and her husband had discussed. In the ninth stage a very old person confronts the negative aspects of earlier stages they may be experiencing again in their old age. This stage is called
A) stage regression.
B) gerotranscendence.
C) integrity complex.
D) the final transition.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal
Psychoanalytic Theory
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The experience of basic anxiety is the feeling of being __________ in a potentially helpless world.
A) armed and dangerous
B) loved but challenged
C) isolated and helpless
D) responsible and in charge
Q2) According to research by Brems and Johnson (1990), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory scale for Femininity is very highly correlated with a measure of A) intelligence.
B) masochism.
C) interpersonal potency.
D) interpersonal sensitivity.
Q3) People who adopt the expansive solution are seeking A) self-actualization.
B) love.
C) freedom.
D) mastery and/or power.
Q4) Discuss the Horney-Coolidge Type Indicator (HCTI) and its correlation to personality disorders and the three orientations suggested by Horney.
8
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Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to Allport's intrinsic / extrinsic religious orientation, researchers have also investigated
A) Quest orientation
B) Immanence
C) Spirituality
D) All the above
E) None of the above
Q2) According to Allport, people all have similar traits.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Allport, personality is a real cause of behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Allport frequently emphasized the need for greater statistical sophistication in personality research.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Allport taught the first personality course in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattells 16
Factors and the Big Five
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 16PF has been used in occupational settings to describe and compare groups of people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, are called "Q-data."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cattell thought that __________ factors were required to make good prediction of behavior.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 16
Q4) Cattell claimed that his 16PF measures
A) adjustment.
B) the surface traits of normal personality.
C) the source traits of normal personality.
D) the effect of heredity on personality.
Page 10
Q5) Briefly summarize Cattell's contributions to personality testing.
Q6) Distinguish between surface traits and source traits. Give an example of each.
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Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological Factor Theories
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Temperament researchers have found that, confronted with the same novel situation, some babies play calmly while others seem afraid and cry.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the EASI temperament model's dimensions?
A) Emotionality
B) Agreeability
C) Sociability
D) Impulsivity
Q3) People scoring high on Psychoticism are typically
A) impulsive, hostile, sadistic, and unempathic.
B) out of contact with reality.
C) schizophrenic.
D) well-liked.
Q4) The term "BIS" in Gray's theory refers to
A) the Behavioral Impulse Syndrome.
B) behavior, intellect, and selectivity.
C) belief, inspiration, and sublimation.
D) the Behavioral Inhibition System.
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Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller,
Skinner, and Staats
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Skinner invented a device for studying learning. What was it called?
A) the lever
B) the memory drum
C) the paired associate device
D) the Skinner box
Q2) Explain Dollard and Miller's concept of an approach-avoidance conflict. Give a hypothetical example.
Q3) Discuss the research relating writing to physical and emotional well-being.
Q4) "In order to learn, one must want something, ...," that is, there must be a cue.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Conflict occurs when cues are present for A) anxiety.
B) compatible responses.
C) incompatible responses.
D) aggression.
Q6) Skinner's theory has had very little influence on psychology.
A)True
B)False Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kelly's Construction Corollary, people anticipate events by construing their
A) causes.
B) effects.
C) situational constraints.
D) replications.
Q2) According to Kelly, all constructs are dichotomous.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the text, one of Richard Nixon's personal constructs was
A) "responsible versus selfish."
B) "white versus black."
C) "us versus them."
D) "male versus female."
Q4) __________ constructs can be applied to new situations.
A) Dichotomous
B) Preverbal
C) Permeable
D) Impermeable
Q5) Explain Kelly's concept of "constructive alternativism."
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Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Use cognitive social learning theory to explain how the behavior and personality characteristics of artist Frida Kahlo. Describe her personality and how cognitive social learning theory would explain why she had those characteristics.
Q2) Preschoolers who could delay gratification had better ego skills, years later, when they were high school age adolescents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Mischel, traits __________ behavior.
A) cause
B) describe C) predict
D) contradict
Q4) "If Jerry is shouting now, he may soon hit." This is an example of a __________.
A) self-efficacy expectancy
B) stimulus-outcome expectancy
C) behavior-outcome expectancy
D) prototype
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Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A baseball player who repeatedly practices batting a ball, trying to improve, is working on the __________ phase of learning.
A) attentional
B) retention
C) motor reproduction
D) motivational
Q2) Various cognitive techniques, such as symbolic coding, enhance
A) attentional processes.
B) motivational processes.
C) motor reproduction processes.
D) retention processes.
Q3) Research shows that we are more likely to strive toward goals if
A) we concentrate on the distant goal, not immediate short-term goals.
B) no one else has succeeded.
C) we are working alone.
D) we expect to be able to reach them.
Q4) In real life, modeling produces only socially desirable behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define "self-efficacy." Why are self-efficacy expectancies important?
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Chapter 14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most people find Rogers's theory very pessimistic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The best guide to healthy growth, according to Rogers, is
A) a professional psychotherapist.
B) a religious philosophy of life.
C) the organismic valuing process.
D) careful reasoning.
Q3) Research shows that therapeutic change can occur during a weekend encounter group.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of these is not a condition for therapeutic progress, according to Rogers?
A) congruence
B) empathic understanding
C) insight
D) unconditional positive regard
Q5) For Rogers, the term "fully functioning" meant "psychologically healthy."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Maslow, most college students, by the senior year, are self-actualized.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person who is "metamotivated"
A) is in the middle of the need hierarchy.
B) is trying to restore homeostasis.
C) is passive and receptive, rather than active.
D) feels determined by forces beyond his or her control.
Q3) What phrase best describes a peak experience?
A) a mystical, altered state of consciousness
B) a moment when achievement seems easy (though the experience may be misleading)
C) a "personal best" performance
D) the time in middle age when mental health is highest, before the inevitable declines of old age
Q4) According to Maslow, all self-actualized people have peak experiences.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) What are peak experiences? Discuss the kinds of people who experience them.
Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Buddhism, which of the following emotions can interfere with one's accurate perception of reality?
A) anger
B) love
C) passion
D) all of these
Q2) Some spiritual advisers recommend maintaining a meditative state during everyday activities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Enlightenment follows after awakening in Buddhism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Buddhism's concept of aggression is similar to Horney's concept of moving against.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How has Buddhism been incorporated into psychotherapy?
Page 20
Q6) Describe Buddhism's explanation of addiction.
Q7) Describe Buddhism's explanation of happiness, anger, and love.
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Chapter 17: Conclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The approach which advocates combining various theories into one systematic whole is called
A) eclecticism.
B) pluralism.
C) unified theory.
D) none of the above.
Q2) Mystical beliefs in experience that includes more than the individual ego are most closely associated with the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) transcendent self
C) mechanistic
D) organic
Q3) Purposeful striving corresponds most closely to the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) emergent self
C) mechanistic
D) organic
Q4) Explain the term "paradigm." How does a paradigm influence research?
Q5) List and describe three metaphors that have been applied to personality.
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