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Personality and Social Interaction Exam Preparation
Guide
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between personality and social interaction, examining how enduring individual differences shape and are shaped by experiences within social contexts. Through an integration of classic and contemporary theories, students will analyze how personality traits influence interpersonal perception, communication, attraction, and group dynamics. Topics include the development of personality, social influence, self-presentation, and the impact of culture on behavior. The course emphasizes empirical research and real-life applications, encouraging students to critically assess how individual personalities contribute to diverse social outcomes and the complexities of human relationships.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 9th Edition by Saul Kassin
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14 Chapters
1820 Verified Questions
1820 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What is Social Psychology
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not a criticism of laboratory experimentation in the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Experiments were sometimes unethical.
B) Experimenters' expectations might influence the results.
C) The theories being tested in the laboratory were often historically and culturally limited.
D) Experiments did not allow researchers to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between variables.
Answer: D
Q2) The role of natural selection processes in the development of social behavior is a concern in
A) behavioral genetics.
B) social cognition.
C) personality psychology.
D) evolutionary psychology.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Doing Social Psychology Research
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the difference between random sampling and random assignment, and indicate how these procedures affect a study's internal and external validity.
Answer: A random sample indicates that all members of the target population have an equal chance of being selected for the study.Random samples are particularly attractive because they are more representative than other samples (such as convenience samples)of the populations from which they are taken.Moreover, because representative samples allow one to generalize the findings of a study to the larger population, random sampling increases external validity.Random assignment is a procedure that is only relevant when conducting an experiment; in this case, members of the sample (who have already been chosen, randomly or not)have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the experimental conditions.This procedure assures that, on average, members of experimental groups are equivalent in all ways before a study begins.This allows the researcher to infer that any differences between groups at the end of the study must be the result of the manipulation.In other words, it is random assignment that allows the researcher to conclude with confidence that the independent variable caused the changes in the dependent variable, which means that random assignment to condition increases internal validity.
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Chapter 3: The Social Self
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two-factor theory of emotion proposes that emotional experience
A) is independent of social comparison processes.
B) requires a combination of positive and negative physiological arousal.
C) is independent of physiological arousal.
D) is based on physiological arousal and a cognitive label for that arousal.
Answer: D
Q2) During a discussion with some friends just prior to a school election, Sandra states that she is certain she will be devastated for months if she isn't elected class president.This is an example of
A) the overjustification effect.
B) the impact bias.
C) basking in reflected glory.
D) implicit egotism.
Answer: B
Q3) Thinking about God triggers a state of self-focus for individuals who have A) just done something morally wrong.
B) just done something morally right.
C) strong religious beliefs.
D) weak religious beliefs.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perceivers judge accident victims as more responsible for their fate if
A) the victim's situation is very different from that of the perceiver.
B) the accident is mild rather than severe.
C) the perceiver is worried about threats to the self.
D) the perceiver can aid the victim in some way.
Q2) __________ theory combines the personal dispositions of the perceiver with a weighted average of the target person's characteristics.
A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Information integration
C) Motivational bias
D) Covariation
Q3) Cosmo is convinced that his accountant is a drug addict.To determine whether he is correct, Cosmo asks his friends if the accountant sniffs a lot, uses slang when he speaks, or frequently excuses himself to use the men's room-three behaviors Cosmo believes are characteristic of drug addicts.Cosmo's methods illustrate
A) the false-consensus effect.
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) confirmatory hypothesis testing.
D) the trait negativity bias.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social-role theory, gender differences that arise from social roles provide a continuing basis for A) minimal groups.
B) jigsaw classrooms.
C) old-fashioned racism.
D) gender stereotypes.
Q2) Research findings regarding dehumanization indicate that A) people tend to process outgroup faces in a manner similar to their processing of nonhuman objects.
B) dehumanization of outgroups is typically associated with reactions of greater empathy.
C) only members of the racial majority tend to be aware of cultural associations between racial minority group members and particular animal characteristics.
D) All of these
Q3) People can counter the potentially negative effects of stereotype activation by
A) taking the perspective of a member of the stereotyped group.
B) trying very hard not to think about the stereotype.
C) thinking about the stereotyped group as a whole.
D) thinking about recent instances in which they made fair judgments.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Attitudes
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central route to persuasion requires
A) intelligence and strong arguments.
B) involvement and an expert source.
C) ability and motivation.
D) knowledge of the issue and a credible source.
Q2) Which of the following concerning the use of facial electromyography (EMG)to assess attitudes is true?
A) Facial EMG can detect muscular changes not observable to the naked eye.
B) Facial EMG does not provide information about the direction of attitudes.
C) One problem with using facial EMG is that the same pattern of activity could be interpreted as happiness or sadness.
D) Facial EMG is only an accurate measure of attitudes if people know their attitudes are being assessed, so it is susceptible to the same social desirability biases as self-reports.
Q3) Which of the following is not one of the four steps in the dissonance process?
A) Elaboration
B) Physiological arousal
C) Negative consequences
D) Attribution
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Chapter 7: Conformity
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When trying to close a car sale, Jerry often tries to sweeten the deal by telling the customer that he will throw in six free oil changes as well.This sales technique is best described as
A) low-balling.
B) the that's-not-all technique.
C) the foot-in-the-door technique.
D) the door-in-the-face technique.
Q2) Who of the following is most likely to obey in Milgram's study?
A) A man participating in a run-down office building with an experimenter in a lab coat
B) A man who has to physically place the learner's hand down on a shock plate
C) A woman participating at Yale University with an experimenter in a lab coat
D) A man participating at Yale University with an experimenter dressed casually
Q3) All of the following reduced the level of obedience in the Milgram experiment except
A) lowering the prestige of the institution where the experiment was conducted.
B) having the experimenter in a different location.
C) informing the participants that the experimenter assumed responsibility for the learner's welfare.
D) having the learner be in the same room as the participant.
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9
Chapter 8: Group Processes
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Henderson suspects that the other members of his work group may slack off, so he works late and puts in extra time on their proposal.Henderson is engaging in
A) social compensation.
B) social facilitation.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.
Q2) According to research by Nibler and Harris (2003), which of the following groups is most likely to experience better performance when group members feel free to disagree with one another?
A) A group of friends in China
B) A group of friends in the U.S.
C) A group of strangers in China.
D) A group of strangers in the U.S.
Q3) Virtual groups are _____ susceptible to process loss than face-to-face groups.
A) more
B) less
C) equally
D) more and less
Q4) Discuss how GRIT can lead to the reduction of group conflict.
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Chapter 9: Attraction and Close Relationships
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If people are asked to characterize romantic love, which of the following attributes will over two-thirds of the people list?
A) Happiness
B) Sexual desire
C) Commitment
D) Communication
Q2) Support for the idea of the "sociostat" (social thermostat)is provided by the finding that rats
A) tend to prefer to remain on their own once a period of isolation ends.
B) are less likely to approach other rats after a period of prolonged contact.
C) aggress against other rats when a shared resource is scarce.
D) always prefer the company of other rats to being alone.
Q3) When a man spends money on expensive cars, fancy restaurant dinners, and stylish clothes, it may be an evolved sexually selected mating signal known as
A) conspicuous consumption.
B) excitation transfer.
C) complementarity hypothesis.
D) reciprocity.
Q4) How do people tend to cope with loneliness, and why is it important to do so?
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Chapter 10: Helping Others
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/18197
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how moods, both good and bad, affect helping.
Q2) The cognitive component of empathy that involves seeing the world through someone else's eyes is called
A) anxious introspection.
B) personal distress.
C) perspective taking.
D) empathic affect.
Q3) Kevin asks Winnie to drive him to the airport.Though Winnie doesn't really want to, she agrees because Kevin loaned her money last week.Winnie agreed to help because of the norm of
A) equity.
B) reciprocity.
C) justice.
D) cooperation.
Q4) Diffusion of responsibility can be reduced if
A) a bystander's training is relevant to the emergency at hand.
B) there are many bystanders.
C) the bystanders do not know each other.
D) the bystanders do not know the victim.
Q5) Describe how the presence of bystanders affects helping.
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Chapter 11: Aggression
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two experimental pieces of evidence that suggest exposure to violent media increases the chance of future aggression.
Q2) When exposed to situational cues, such as the presence of a gun, people tend to A) demonstrate decreases in aggression.
B) feel socially rejected.
C) experience a decrease in testosterone.
D) have automatic cognitions regarding aggression.
Q3) The idea that arousal created by one stimulus can intensify an individual's emotional response to another stimulus is called A) social learning theory.
B) the negative affect escape model.
C) excitation transfer.
D) aggression cultivation.
Q4) In a study about status (to successfully compete for mates), Vladas Griskevicius and others (2009)found that
A) women do not use aggression of any type to boost their status.
B) men are more likely to boost their status through indirect aggression.
C) women are more likely to boost their status through direct aggression.
D) men are more likely to boost their status through direct aggression
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Chapter 12: Law
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/18199
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Kassin and Kiechel (1996)concerning false confessions?
A) People are highly unlikely to confess to crimes they did not commit.
B) Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when a suspect is intimidated with bright lights and physical threats.
C) Compliant false confessions are most likely to occur when a friendly interrogator offers sympathy and advice to a suspect.
D) Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when false evidence of guilt is presented.
Q2) Tyson sits on a jury.Tyson is more likely to believe the defendant is guilty if
A) Tyson has an authoritarian personality.
B) the defendant is of the same race as Tyson and the evidence is weak.
C) Tyson has principled objections to the death penalty.
D) Tyson is a young adult.
Q3) Which of the following countries does not permit the death penalty?
A) Japan
B) India
C) Thailand
D) Australia
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Business
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/18200
Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that leadership effectiveness is determined both by the personal characteristics of leaders and the control afforded by the situation is most consistent with the
A) contingency model.
B) transformational model.
C) expectancy theory.
D) great person theory.
Q2) Compared to a paper-and-pencil personality test, a structured interview is
A) more difficult to fake.
B) less predictive of future performance.
C) too expensive for most companies to utilize.
D) All of these
Q3) Which of the following is not one of the four characteristics of transformational leaders?
A) Intellectual stimulation
B) Inspirational motivation
C) Individualized consideration of others
D) Conscientiousness
Q4) Describe two factors that can reduce the validity of the traditional interview.
Q5) How do rewards affect intrinsic motivation?
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Chapter 14: Health and Well being
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/18201
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Seligman (1975), depression results primarily from A) proactive coping.
B) learned helplessness.
C) high self-complexity.
D) specific external attributions.
Q2) Walter and Helen are both recently divorced and trying to cope with the stress of their failed relationships.Compared to Walter, Helen is more likely to cope by
A) ruminating about her negative feelings.
B) using physical activity as a distraction.
C) engaging in antisocial behavior.
D) using alcohol or drugs to escape her feelings.
Q3) Women experiencing burnout at work are likely to show _____ as a symptom; men experiencing burnout at work are likely to show _____.
A) depersonalization; the same symptom as women
B) emotional exhaustion; the same symptom as women
C) depersonalization; emotional exhaustion
D) emotional exhaustion; depersonalization
Q4) Define social support, and discuss the four models that have been proposed to measure it.
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