Personality and Social Behavior
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the foundations and development of personality, examining how individual differences influence the way people think, feel, and behave in social contexts. Students will study major theories of personality, assessment methods, and the role of biological, environmental, and cultural factors in shaping personality traits. The course also delves into social behavior, analyzing topics such as conformity, aggression, prosocial behavior, and the dynamics of group interactions. Through empirical research and case studies, students will gain a deeper understanding of the interplay between personality and social processes in shaping human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 1st Edition by Thomas
E. Heinzen
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22 Chapters
2249 Verified Questions
2249 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Social Psychology
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural norms and values are usually communicated in subtle, informal ways.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Considering how you might have responded as a participant of a certain social psychological experiment is an example of which idea
A) applying concepts of social psychology to your own life
B) furthering social psychological thought on a concept
C) understanding the subcomponents of a social psychological concept
D) isolating causal variables of a social psychological concept
Answer: A
Q3) Which term refers to life circumstances that influence our thoughts and behaviors
A) nurture
B) nature
C) interaction
D) cognition
Answer: A
Q4) What is action research?
Answer: not answered
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the best way to begin scientific research
A) form a hypothesis
B) analyze results
C) observe a behavior pattern
D) test a hypothesis
Answer: C
Q2) What refers to how well a study is conducted, including the avoidance of confounding variables
A) internal validity
B) external validity
C) reliability
D) generalizability
Answer: A
Q3) Defining aggression as hitting, pushing, or shouting is an example of what
A) hypothesizing
B) operationalization
C) analyzing
D) construction
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Social Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following self-deceptions developed by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues refers to unrealistic positive thinking about the future
A) control
B) optimism
C) meaning
D) subjectivity
Answer: B
Q2) JoonHee is an American citizen who was born in Korea and lived most of her life in Korea. After immigrating to the United States as an adult, she struggles in the workplace because she emphasizes reconciling disagreements with coworkers rather than emphasizing voicing her opinions in meetings. JoonHee is exemplifying which of the following
A) regional self
B) cultural self
C) independent self-construal
D) interdependent self-construal
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the ability to know something quickly and automatically
A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing
Q2) People are more likely to rely on mental structures when overwhelmed with information. Which of the following statements best reflects that fact
A) People are more likely to use stereotypes when in a crowded, dirty subway station than an empty, clean one.
B) People are more likely to rely on scripts when they aren't very interested in the interaction.
C) People are more likely to avoid using schemas when carefully considering information.
D) People are less likely to use outgroup homogeneity when seeing people as individuals.
Q3) Demonstrate two ways in which cognitive misers decrease their mental load.
Q4) Algorithms are a logical type of problem-solving.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Person Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Certain facial expressions seem to be expressed across cultures. This is known as ______.
A) universality hypothesis
B) converging evidence
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend
Q2) Assuming that someone is friendly because they have a naturally pleasant personality is an internal attribution.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the power of the situation
A) false uniqueness bias
B) false consensus effect
C) actor-observer bias
D) fundamental attribution error
Q4) Explain how the principle of noncommon effects can be related to attributions.
Q5) Summarize Rosenthal's "intellectual bloomer" work with school children. Explain how the findings relate to the halo effect and self-fulfilling prophecies.
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Chapter 6: Attitudes and Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sammy believes doing well in school is important, and most of his friends are good students. He also thinks he isn't smart, and mostly earns Cs and Ds. Which of the following is guiding his behavior
A) self-affirmation
B) attitude
C) social norms
D) perceived control
Q2) The commercial carefully explained how their light bulb used the least amount of energy and lasted longer than others. What type of persuasion is being attempted
A) peripheral
B) central
C) social power
D) context
Q3) Which test uses reaction time to measure unconscious associations
A) UCS
B) UCA
C) IAT
D) TIA
Q4) Explain how commitment and consistency are related to the lowball technique.
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Chapter 7: Social Influence: Conformity, Social Roles, and Obedience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Albert wears a large top hat on his school's "goofy hat day." This is an example of what
A) conformity
B) compliance
C) obedience
D) social roles
Q2) What is the spontaneous distribution of ideas, attitudes, and behaviors among larger groups of people
A) flash mob
B) social norms
C) conformity
D) social contagion
Q3) If the Milgram obedience experiments were placed on Morling's Ethical Decision-Making Matrix, how would they best be described?
Q4) Explain the similarities and differences between conformity, compliance, and obedience.
Q5) A pedestrian jaywalking is a good example of someone violating a social role.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Group Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maya is always very concerned about what others think and often worries that her boyfriend will leave her. Maya is high in rejection sensitivity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Experts say that if you are hurt in a large crowd, you should pick a specific person and tell that person to call an ambulance rather than just yelling for help. Selecting a single person is intended to reduce which of the following
A) social loafing
B) process loss
C) diffusion of responsibility
D) coordination loss
Q3) The team generated ideas by throwing out as many ideas as possible without stopping to discuss feasibility. This is called groupthink.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Groups are less likely than individuals to be extremely cautious.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assuming that African Americans attend college for free is an example of ______.
A) benevolent prejudice
B) modern-symbolic prejudice
C) old-fashioned prejudice
D) ambivalent prejudice
Q2) Which of the following suggests that one reason for prejudice is that it makes people feel better about themselves
A) Following the Civil War, the price of cotton was negatively correlated with lynchings.
B) Adolescent bullies tend to have high self-esteem.
C) Anti-Semitism rises during economic downturns.
D) Communists were blamed for Germany's poor economy following WWI.
Q3) Jim always holds the door open for women and girls. This is an example of ______.
A) hostile sexism
B) old-fashioned prejudice
C) benevolent prejudice
D) ambivalent sexism
Q4) Compare and contrast extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity and explain their connection to prejudice.
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Chapter 10: Helping Prosocial Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a statement you would expect to hear from someone high in extroversion
A) Let's not go out tonight.
B) I love being around other people.
C) I like to keep things organized.
D) If you don't say anything, no one will notice the problem.
Q2) Jocelyn was capable of helping the man on the side of the road to change his tire. But it was late at night, and she feared it would not be safe. Her fears interfered with what A) noticing the event
B) interpreting the event as an emergency
C) knowing how to help
D) implementing the decision to help
Q3) Lewis never seems to get upset and believes that everything will turn out right in the end. James is likely high in neuroticism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ashley tries to make sure that her actions match her personal moral beliefs and the moral teachings of her faith. Ashley is high in what?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which situation is someone most likely to behave aggressively
A) if there is a badminton racket in the room
B) if there is a rifle in the room
C) if there is a doll in the room
D) if there is nothing in the room
Q2) The Bandura studies show that girls are less influenced by violent media because they are naturally less aggressive.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ray wouldn't apply for disability benefits after his accident because he said that a man who doesn't work is worthless. This is an example of the virtue culture of honor value.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Behaving aggressively in an attempt to reduce to total level of aggression is called what
A) catharsis hypothesis
B) revenge
C) self-control
D) substitution aggression
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following predicts that people with the same attitudes and values tend to form relationships
A) disharmonious mating
B) similarity-attraction hypothesis
C) opposites attract
D) mere exposure
Q2) Which of the following is considered a universally attractive trait
A) round faces
B) pronounced lips
C) specific ratios of waists and shoulders
D) specific ratios of feet and hands
Q3) The comparison level refers to an empirical definition of what an average relationship looks like.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Evolutionary perspectives on attractiveness appeal to which of the following
A) unconscious desires
B) overt cultural expectations
C) healthy gateways for offspring
D) ability to protect offspring
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology and a Sustainable Environment
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theory of persuasion was promoted by Volkswagon
A) naturalistic theory
B) observational theory
C) fun theory
D) escalating theory
Q2) Choose a sound that you consider to be noise. Use the three components of what makes noise to support your answer.
Q3) During an exam, Marta becomes stressed due to a sawing noise coming from outside the classroom. Primarily, Marta becomes started each time the noise occurs because there is not percievable pattern to why the sound occurs. Which feature of stressful noise is this an example of
A) volume of noise
B) unpredictability of noise
C) lack of control over noise
D) distance from the noise
Q4) Which of the following describes excessive noise
A) any sound that you hear
B) any sound you do not want to hear
C) any sound that creates chaos
D) any sound that comes from humans
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology of Law and the Courtroom
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A suspected offender admits to comitting a crime after being physically and emotionally abused during questioning. Which type of confession would this be considered
A) instrumental confession
B) coerced confession
C) instrumental, voluntary confession
D) authentic, coerced, false confession
Q2) A psychology student's understanding of statistics and experiment design may be help in evaluation research.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What role might an expert in evaluation research play in social disparities, such as trends in biased sentencing based on age, gender, or race?
Q4) The law and psychology have a well established, peaceful working relationship. A)True B)False
Q5) Judges rarely become advocates for dispute mediation. A)True B)False
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology of Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can help you agree on the goal of your consultancy
A) attitude changes
B) subjective norms
C) intuition
D) assessment
Q2) Mike decides it is okay to begin smoking marijuana because many of his friends also smoke marijuana. Which common persuasion tactic does this describe
A) authority
B) theory of planned behavior
C) consensus
D) foot-in-the-door
Q3) Making assessment part of your plan allows you to learn how to create a better intervention next time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summative assessment is feedback you receive that will help you learn how to improve.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology and Happiness: Positive
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of positive individual traits
A) eliminating use of performance-enhancing drugs
B) reducing fan expressions of prejudice
C) promoting integrity and respect among students
D) correcting our colleges profit from athletics
Q2) If the positive psychology movement is successful, then it will disappear.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Building a scientific foundation for positive psychology will require which of the following
A) studies focused on eliminating all confounding factors
B) many clinicians considers their successes and failures
C) research showing weaknesses in individuals have been repaired
D) many life coaches establishing a peer-reviewed licensure process
Q4) The specific mechanisms of positive psychology that promote better health are ______.
A) in need of further research
B) well-proven through empirical evidence
C) well-researched areas of the field.
D) in peril of being considered mere placebo effects.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Social Psychology and Behavioral
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Sample Questions
Q1) Game theory can force our ______ to the surface of behavior by creating scenarios with uncertain outcomes.
A) loss aversion
B) irrational economic thinking
C) internal values
D) bounded rationality
Q2) A new game show asks two strangers to negotiate with one another to determine whether they will split a shared prize or whether they will steal the prize only for themselves. If both decide to split, then prize money is split. If one decides to steal, then the stealer wins the entire prize. If both decide to steal, then no one wins. What does this exemplify
A) the Prisoner's Dilemma
B) the Ultimatum game
C) rational economic thinking
D) prospect theory
Q3) Behavioral economics combines psychology and economics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Create and describe your own example of the prisoner's dilemma.
Q5) How does reputation affect the ultimatum game scenario?
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Chapter 18: Social Psychology and Relationship Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alex is undergoing therapy to help facilitate healing after surviving a violent relationship. As a part of this therapy, Alex periodically uses a scale to rate feelings of positive psychological change and resilience. What is the scale measuring A) seeds of doubt
B) affective forecasting
C) posttraumatic growth
D) self-reclaiming actions
Q2) Why is conflicting data on relationship violence from different sources all thought to be valid?
Q3) Most research on responses to relationship violence occurs at the tertiary level.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following describes how someone may try to predict how they will feel in the future
A) minimization
B) cycle of violence
C) affective forecasting
D) cognitive dissonance
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Chapter 19: Social Psychology of Work:
Industrialorganizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) During General Joseph Kuhn's time, there was a long-standing and deep divide between problem-solving, practicing psychologists and ______.
A) the army
B) the navy
C) pragmatic, evaluation-creating psychologists
D) theory-minded, academic psychologists
Q2) What is the relationship between work/life balance and employee assistance programs?
Q3) The company you work for allows you easy access to higher levels of management. This describes which of the following
A) organizational development
B) authentic assessment
C) organizational structure
D) employee assistance program
Q4) Describe an example of the Hawthorne effect that is either fictional or that you have witnessed/experienced.
Q5) Describe the relationship between Walter Dill Scott and General Joseph Kuhn. What wider trend in industrial/organizational psychology history did their relationship exemplify?
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Chapter 20: Social Psychology of Volunteerism and Internships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Several studies have shown that volunteering may increase one's life satisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Internships may sometimes be ______ by employers seeking free labor.
A) ignored
B) encouraged
C) abused
D) prohibited
Q3) When an internship goes well, it forces you to ______.
A) give up your ambitions
B) rethink your plans
C) work harder than you ever have
D) provide services for little or no pay
Q4) If an internship goes well, it may force you to recalibrate your ambitions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the differences between egoism and altruism.
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Q6) What are the similarities and differences between undergraduate- and graduate-level internships?
Chapter 21: Social Psychology and Personal Finance
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is another word for fungibility?
A) compulsion
B) rationality
C) hoarding
D) interchangeability
Q2) Which of the following reduces a merchandiser's holding costs and risks to inventory?
A) discounts
B) default decisions
C) the hedonic treadmill
D) product habits
Q3) Describe how loss aversion may affect one's ability to make financial decisions.
Q4) In general, people tend to ______ default decision points.
A) go along with
B) avoid C) ignore D) detest
Q5) Opportunity costs is the cost of not seeking an opportunity.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Social Psychology and Forgiveness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which was one of three points made my James Cameron regarding forgiveness and reconciliation?
A) forgive and forget
B) do not uphold unjust laws
C) seek retribution for wrongs
D) tell your group's story
Q2) How are emotional and decisional forgiveness different?
Q3) To Kill A Mockingbird created a shared ______ that reversed the public spectacles of lynchings.
A) social norm
B) law
C) social awareness
D) value
Q4) Which of the following terms refers to a degree of forgiveness calculated to signal to a competitor your willingness to cooperate.
A) retributive forgiveness
B) emotional forgiveness
C) decisional forgiveness
D) strategic forgiveness
Q5) Describe the differences between reconciliation and forgiveness.
Page 24
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