Performance Psychology
Test Questions
Course Introduction
Performance Psychology explores the mental processes and strategies that influence optimal performance in various domains, including sports, the arts, business, and academics. This course examines topics such as motivation, focus, confidence, stress management, goal setting, and resilience, drawing on research from cognitive psychology and behavioral science. Students will learn how psychological principles can be applied to enhance individual and team performance, overcome challenges, and maintain well-being in high-pressure environments. Through case studies, practical exercises, and self-reflection, participants will develop tools to improve their own performance and support others in achieving excellence.
Recommended Textbook
Sport Psychology Concepts and Applications 7th Edition by Richard H Cox
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19 Chapters
835 Verified Questions
835 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Foundations of Sport Psychology
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Q1) Which current sport psychology organization was previously named the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology?
A)American Sport Psychology Association.
B)Applied Association of Sport Psychology in America.
C)North American Society for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology.
D)Association of Applied Sport Psychology.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following early textbooks on sport psychology was written by Bruce Ogilvie and John Lawther?
A)Psychology of coaching.
B)Problem athletes and how to handle them.
C)Psychology and the superior athlete.
D)Psychology of motor learning.
Answer: B
Q3) The sometimes disputed father of sport psychology in the Soviet Union was
A)Mikhail Gorbachev.
B)Nikita Khrushchev.
C)Piotr Antonovich Roudik.
D)Avksenty Cezarevich Puni.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Personality As a Core Characteristic of the
Athlete
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it that it is often possible to reliably discriminate between elite athletes and less skilled athletes,but it is difficult to reliably discriminate between athletes of differing skill level generally (e.g. ,starters versus nonstarters)?
A)Elite athletes tend to be very homogeneous relative to their personality profiles.
B)Elite athletes tend to be very heterogeneous relative to their personality profiles.
C)Athletes at the lower skill levels tend to have very similar personality profiles.
D)Elite athletes are very easy to identify because of their approach to training.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following levels of personality is the most easily influenced by the social environment?
A)Role-related behaviors.
B)Typical responses.
C)Psychological core.
D)Abnormal responses.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Self-Confidence and Intrinsic Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an example of a model of psychological momentum?
A)Antecedents-consequences model.
B)Attentional deficit model.
C)Multidimensional model.
D)Projected performance model.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a social factor that may lead to or detract from perceived competence and self-determination?
A)Success/failure.
B)Competition/Cooperation.
C)Coaches behavior.
D)All of the above.
Answer: D
Q3) Basic need to relate to other people,to care for others and for others to care for you.
A)Relatedness.
B)Autonomy.
C)Social facilitation.
D)Social cohesion.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Goal Perspective Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The notion that a high level of mastery goal orientation in combination with a strong mastery climate yields desirable behavioral outcomes.
A)Incompatibility component of the matching hypothesis.
B)Compatibility component of the matching hypothesis.
C)Goal perspective theory.
D)Goal involvement theory.
Q2) Measurable aspects of moral functioning.
A)Aggression and antisocial behavior.
B)Task and ego goal orientation.
C)Confidence and prosocial behavior.
D)Prosocial and antisocial behavior.
Q3) Adaptive motivational patterns are associated with
A)Task goal orientation.
B)Opportunity to participate in challenging tasks to demonstrate persistence and effort.
C)Positive perceptions and behaviors.
D)All of the above.
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Chapter 5: Youth Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) In developing a youth sport program of any type,what should be the two overarching goals?
A)Sport enjoyment,develop prosocial behavior.
B)Sport enjoyment,learn and improve on skills.
C)Develop prosocial behavior,enjoy team atmosphere and make friends.
D)Develop performance goal orientation,winning attitude.
Q2) A parent comes to define his own sense of self-worth in terms of the success and failure of his son or daughter.
A)A desirable situation,as it promotes closeness between parent and child.
B)A situation that rarely occurs in sport.
C)The reversed-dependency trap.
D)None of the above.
Q3) Which of the following is not a top five reason children give for participation in sport?
A)Challenge and excitement of participation and competition.
B)Friendships and team atmosphere.
C)Please parents.
D)Have fun and enjoy participation.
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Chapter 6: Attention and Concentration in Sport and Exercise
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Q1) An information processing model of human behavior is consistent with A)B.F.Skinner's stimulus response theory.
B)Behavioralism.
C)Cognitive psychology.
D)The absence of mental operations.
Q2) The "centering procedure" is a psychological skill used by successful athletes to A)Replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts.
B)Place them self physically in the center of the action.
C)Decrease physiological arousal.
D)Direct thoughts internally while making conscious adjustments in attention and arousal.
Q3) As information conveyed or transmitted increases,the difficulty of the information processing problem
A)Increases.
B)Decreases.
C)Stays the same.
D)Fluctuates.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Anxiety, Stress, and Mood Relationships
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Q1) According to Endler,which of the following is not an antecedent or situation specific factor that leads to an increase in anxiety?
A)Fear of an unambiguous situation.
B)Fear of performance failure.
C)Fear of physical harm.
D)Fear of negative social evaluation and self-esteem.
Q2) Studies show that perfectionism is multidimensional and that the various factors attributed to perfectionism can be reduced down to two over arching factors.
A)Social expectations,individual perfectionism.
B)Personal standards,Group standards.
C)Parental criticism,parental expectations.
D)Functional perfectionism,dysfunctional perfectionism.
Q3) Anxiety as a psychological construct is multidimensional in two specific ways.
A)Trait and state components,cognitive and somatic components.
B)Cognitive component,somatic component.
C)Trait component,state component.
D)None of the above.
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Chapter 8: Alternatives to Inverted-U Theory
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Q1) Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of the Flow experience?
A)Peak performance.
B)Challenge and skill balance.
C)Total concentration.
D)Loss of self-awareness.
Q2) As measured by an anxiety inventory,the objective level of anxiety ranging from low to high.
A)Intensity component of anxiety.
B)Direction component of anxiety.
C)Frequency component of anxiety.
D)Constrained component of anxiety.
Q3) Catastrophe theory questions all of the assumptions of inverted-U theory,but one in particular is pivotal.
A)As anxiety and arousal increase,performance decreases.
B)Small incremental increases in arousal result in small incremental increases or decreases in performance.
C)Moderate arousal results in optimal performance.
D)A smooth bell-shaped curve relationship exists between arousal and performance.
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Chapter 9: Coping and Intervention Strategies in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vast majority of coping strategies used by elite athletes can be categorized under the heading of
A)Psychological training.
B)Physical training and strategizing.
C)Somatic relaxation.
D)All of the above.
Q2) For self-talk to be effective,it is suggested that self-talk statements be
A)Incompatible with the sequential timing of the task being performed.
B)Brief and phonetically simple.
C)Thoughts that occur in the emotion of the moment.
D)Complex statements requiring analysis.
Q3) Modern progressive relaxation techniques are all variations of those outlined by ___________.
A)Johannes H.Schultz.
B)Robert Nideffer.
C)David Danskin.
D)Edmond Jacobson.
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Chapter 10: Goal Setting in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of a good measurable performance goal?
A)I will improve my basketball game by 100%.
B)I will become a better bowler.
C)I will get 75% of my first serves in the tennis court by the end of this season.
D)I will improve my free throw shooting percentage in basketball.
Q2) Research in sport and exercise suggests that the most effective goals are
A)Easy.
B)Moderately difficult.
C)Difficult.
D)Unrealistic.
Q3) What might happen if the details of a process goal are attended to during the execution of a well learned sport skill?
A)Attention to detail will result in quality execution of skill.
B)Nothing,because process goals are ineffective.
C)Smooth execution of an automated motor skill may be interfered with.
D)None of the above.
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Chapter 11: Imagery and Hypnosis in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a psychological skill used during hypnotic induction?
A)Relaxation.
B)Focused attention.
C)Imagery.
D)Increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
Q2) What are the two dimensions in Paivio's conceptual model of imagery?
A)Imagery functioning,imagery practice.
B)Imagery purpose,imagery application.
C)Imagery stability,imagery locus.
D)Imagery vividness,Imagery control.
Q3) Which function of imagery is used to help the athlete experience specific sport skills and to plan strategies in advance of competition?
A)Cognitive functioning.
B)Attentional functioning.
C)Motivational functioning.
D)Internal functioning.
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Chapter 12: Psychological Skills Training
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behavior which does not have a clear technical function in the execution of a skill,yet which is believed to control luck and/or other external factors.
A)Preperformance routine.
B)Postperformance routine.
C)Random effects.
D)Superstitious behavior.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a postperformance routine used by the quarterback in football following an incomplete pass?
A)Get in the receiver's face.
B)Clear mind of results of previous play by the quarterback or by intended receiver.
C)Go to the sideline and review next play with the coach.
D)None of the above.
Q3) What is at the base or foundation of the Hierarchical Structure of Professional Philosophy?
A)Intervention techniques/methods
B)Personal core beliefs and values.
C)Theoretical paradigm.
D)Intervention goals.
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Chapter 13: Aggression and Violence in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following is not a mechanism of moral disengagement that allows an athlete to disengage from usual moral standards and engage in transgressive behavior?
A)Minimizing or ignoring consequences.
B)Diffusion of responsibility.
C)Moral justification.
D)Catharsis effect.
Q2) Which of the following is not a postulate of the instinct theory of aggression?
A)Aggression is an innate drive like sex or hunger.
B)Aggression can be regulated through discharge (catharsis)or fulfillment.
C)Aggression is a learned behavior.
D)Humans have the same aggressive instincts as animals.
Q3) Which of the following is not likely to be a factor in encouraging aggression in sport?
A)Environmental temperature.
B)Perception of victim's intent.
C)Fear of retaliation.
D)Playing surface.
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Chapter 14: Audience and Self-Presentation Effects in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based upon the Pollard (2006)model,seven different factors have both direct and indirect effects on the home advantage.Which of the following is not one of these factors?
A)Psychological factors
B)Team rivalry factors.
C)Travel considerations.
D)Referee bias.
Q2) Playing in front of a supportive but expectant home crowd may have a debilitating effect upon some athletes due to
A)Self-attention and pressing.
B)High expectations may be stressful resulting information overload.
C)Self-focus causes disruption of smooth execution of skill.
D)All of the above.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of an interactive audience?
A)Two subjects simultaneously performing a motor task with a partition between them.
B)A subject practicing a pursuit rotor task with five blindfolded people in the room.
C)A boxing match in Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas
D)A subject performing a manual dexterity task while her supervisor watches.
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Chapter 15: Team Cohesion in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which determinant is most important for the development of team cohesion among members of golf teams?
A)Personal satisfaction.
B)Family background.
C)Leadership factors.
D)Environmental factors.
Q2) For purposes of team building,the sport psychologist works directly with athletes and employees to empower them to develop a shared vision,unity of purpose,team identity,team cohesiveness,and honest communication.
A)Indirect intervention approach.
B)Team building approach.
C)Team cohesion approach.
D)Direct intervention approach.
Q3) _______________ describes the shared feeling of confidence enjoyed by a team as a whole.
A)Self-efficacy.
B)Team efficacy.
C)Team cohesion.
D)Social cohesion.
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Chapter 16: Leadership and Communication in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a type of leader behavior outlined and discussed in Chelladurai's multidimensional model of leadership?
A)Legitimate behavior.
B)Prescribed behavior.
C)Actual behavior.
D)Preferred behavior.
Q2) The motto of the "Universal Behaviors" school of thought relative to leadership might be
A)Great leaders are born not made.
B)Great leaders are lucky.
C)There are no great leaders.
D)Great leaders are made not born.
Q3) Path goal theory of leadership is a
A)Universal theory based upon personality traits.
B)Universal theory based upon behaviors.
C)Situation specific theory based upon behaviors.
D)Situation specific theory based upon personality traits.
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Chapter 17: Exercise Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The possession of high levels of competence,autonomy,and relatedness leads to a high level of intrinsic motivation,which leads to desirable consequences such as healthy exercise behavior.
A)Social cognitive theory.
B)Goal perspective theory applied to exercise.
C)Self-determination theory applied to exercise.
D)Disconnected values model.
Q2) Which of the following statements is false relative to mode of exercise (type)?
A)One particular mode of aerobic exercise (e.g.treadmill vs.stationary cycle)does not provide greater psychological benefit than another.
B)Mode of aerobic exercise does make a difference in terms of perceived exercise intensity.
C)Exercising on a treadmill results in greater reductions in anxiety than does exercising on a stationary cycle.
D)The greatest positive affect associated with mode of exercise comes from the mode that the individual perceives as being "preferred" as opposed to "least preferreD."
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19
Chapter 18: The Psychology of Athletic Injuries and Career
Termination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Negative and positive life stress is
A)Associated with number and severity of athletic injuries.
B)Not associated with number and severity of athletic injuries.
C)Unmeasurable.
D)Not generally experienced by athletes because they are so very active.
Q2) Which of the following is not specifically included as a major component in the integrated model of psychological response to sport injury?
A)Williams and Andersen stress and injury model.
B)Emotional response to injury.
C)Behavioral response to injury.
D)Attentional response to injury.
Q3) Which of the following is not a component part of the conceptual model of career termination?
A)Causes of career termination.
B)Factors related to adaption to career termination.
C)Return to competition following injury.
D)Career termination distress.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Drug Abuse in Sport and Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a symptom exhibited by individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa?
A)Severe weight loss and refusal to maintain normal body weight.
B)Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.
C)Fat free dieting.
D)Severe body image disturbance.
Q2) Preoccupation with the notion that one is not sufficiently muscular.
A)Activity anorexiA.
B)Reverse anorexia nervosa.
C)Muscle dysmorphia.
D)b and c above.
Q3) A syndrome of physical/emotional exhaustion,sport devaluation,and reduced athletic accomplishment.
A)Negative adaptation to training stress.
B)Training stress syndrome.
C)Positive adaptation to training stress.
D)Burnout in sport and exercise.
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