Performance Psychology Test
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Course Introduction
Performance Psychology explores the mental and emotional factors that influence peak performance in domains such as sports, the performing arts, business, and other high-pressure environments. The course examines topics including motivation, goal-setting, focus, stress management, resilience, self-confidence, and the development of mental skills to optimize performance outcomes. Students will engage with evidence-based theories and practical techniques for improving mental toughness, handling setbacks, and sustaining high levels of performance. Through case studies, experiential exercises, and reflective activities, students will gain an in-depth understanding of how psychological principles can be applied to enhance individual and team performance.
Recommended Textbook
Sport Psychology Concepts and Applications 7th Edition by Richard H Cox
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Foundations of Sport Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What stands in the way of accreditation of academic sport psychology programs?
A)Accreditation costs the university money.
B)Accreditation would raise the issue of who is qualified to call themselves a "psychologist."
C)Accreditation would reduce the academic freedom and flexibility of diverse departments who currently offer sport psychology programs.
D)All of the above.
Answer: D
Q2) Which term below identifies the process by which one learns to look at the world through multicultural lens?
A)Enculturation.
B)Desensitization.
C)Cultural competence.
D)Acculturation.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Personality As a Core Characteristic of the
Athlete
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carl Jung's theory of personality allows for
A)A person being categorized into eight personality types as a function of attitudes and mental processes.
B)The categorization of an individual as being either an introvert or an extravert.
C)A person being categorized as being mentally stable or unstable.
D)All of the above.
Answer: A
Q2) Which statement is true relative to the relationship between a player's position on a team and his/her personality profile?
A)There is no relationship at all between the two.
B)Evidence suggests that a relationship exists between personality and playing position,but the predictive power of the relationship is sometimes weak.
C)Player position can reliably be determined and predicted based upon an athletes' personality profile.
D)In the case of setting in volleyball,a clear relationship exists but not in other sports.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Self-Confidence and Intrinsic Motivation
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Q1) The most self-determined form of motivation.
A)Amotivation.
B)Extrinsic motivation.
C)Intrinsic motivation.
D)External motivation.
Answer: C
Q2) The process by which an individual comes to see himself as competent is referred to as the
A)Perceived control process.
B)Cognitive restructuring process.
C)Internal monitoring process.
D)Reflective appraisal process.
Answer: D
Q3) A theory of self-confidence based upon an athlete's feeling of personal competence.
A)Bandura's model.
B)Harter's competence motivation theory.
C)Martens's theory of achievement motivation.
D)Vealey's sport specific model of sport confidence.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Goal Perspective Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows that task goal orientation and high moral functioning are linked to:
A)Low levels of sportspersonship.
B)High levels of athletic performance.
C)High levels of sportspersonship.
D)High levels of social skill.
Q2) Statistical procedure that magnifies differences between athletes in different groups or clusters while at the same time minimizing differences between athletes that are within the same group.
A)Meta-analysis.
B)Factor analysis.
C)Cluster analysis.
D)Factorial analysis.
Q3) Task-oriented athletes
A)Endorse mastery strategies and focus upon self-referenced criteria for determining success.
B)Believe that perceived ability is more important than hard work and effort.
C)Focus upon external criteria for determining success.
D)Believe that chance and social comparisons are important success criteria.
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Chapter 5: Youth Sports
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Q1) Prior to becoming a youth sport head coach,most youth sport head coaches had
A)Coaching experience.
B)Playing experience in the sport.
C)Experience at developing a mastery learning environment.
D)a and b above.
Q2) Most incidences of violence in youth sport involves
A)Youth participants.
B)Coaches.
C)Officials.
D)Parents.
Q3) Why is winning so important to many youth sport coaches?
A)This is the best way to help children gain a love for sport.
B)Winning indicates that each participant has improved his/her sport skills.
C)They may possess an ego goal orientation towards sport participation.
D)They may possess a mastery goal orientation towards sport participation.
Q4) What should be done to reduce violence among adults in youth sport?
A)Ban all adults from youth sport involvement.
B)Ban all parents from youth sport involvement.
C)Ban youth sports altogether.
D)None of the above.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Attention and Concentration in Sport and Exercise
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Q1) Research suggests that the associative strategy for running is linked to a greater incidence of injuries than the dissociative or distraction strategy.The explanation for this finding is that
A)Athletes engaging in a dissociative style of attentional focusing are running with less intensity.
B)Athletes engaging in an associative style of attentional focusing are running with greater intensity.
C)The athlete engaging in a dissociative style is running in a more relaxed mode.
D)All of the above.
Q2) An information processing model of human behavior is consistent with
A)B.F.Skinner's stimulus response theory.
B)Behavioralism.
C)Cognitive psychology.
D)The absence of mental operations.
Q3) The attentional threshold model
A)Is a combination of the self-focus and distraction models.
B)A model supported by the research.
C)A model in which a threshold of attentional capacity is exceeded.
D)All of the above.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Anxiety, Stress, and Mood Relationships
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Q1) Once performance begins,_________ anxiety dissipates rapidly,whereas _________ anxiety fluctuates throughout the contest as the probability of success changes.
A)Somatic state,cognitive state.
B)Somatic trait,cognitive trait.
C)Cognitive state,somatic state.
D)Cognitive trait,somatic
Q2) The stress response does not occur if there is a/an ___________ between the stressful nature of the competitive situation and the athlete's perceived ability to cope with the situation.
A)Time gap.
B)Balance.
C)Imbalance.
D)None of the above.
Q3) Which of the following is not an authorized version of the Profile of Mood States?
A)65 item Profile of Mood States.
B)Brief Assessment of Mood.
C)Bipolar 72 item Profile of Mood States.
D)Short 30 item version of the Profile of Mood States.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Alternatives to Inverted-U Theory
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Q1) According to Hanin,the individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF)is
A)A theoretical concept that has no basis in reality.
B)Theoretically the same for all elite athletes.
C)Related to astrology.
D)A zone that varies for each athlete.
Q2) The individual most responsible for applying the principles of Flow to sport and exercise.
A)Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.
B)Yuri Hanin.
C)Dan Gould.
D)SusanJackson.
Q3) Which is not a basic assumption of inverted-U theory?
A)As anxiety and arousal increase,performance decreases.
B)Small incremental increases in arousal result in small incremental increases or decreases in performance.
C)Moderate arousal results in optimal performance.
D)A smooth bell-shaped curve relationship exists between arousal and performance.
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10
Chapter 9: Coping and Intervention Strategies in Sport
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Q1) Coping strategies in which the athlete anticipates in advance potential stressors and prepares in advance for dealing with them.
A)Automated coping strategies.
B)Matching coping strategies.
C)Effective coping strategies.
D)Proactive coping strategies.
Q2) _________________ focus upon those strategies that deal with the team as a whole and are generally orchestrated by the _________.
A)Team energizing strategies,coach.
B)Individual energizing strategies,athlete.
C)Team energizing strategies,athlete.
D)Attentional focus strategies,coach.
Q3) The notion that coping skills learned in sport can be applied in other sport situations or nonsport situations.
A)Non-generalizability of coping skills.
B)Inadequacy of most coping skills.
C)Distractibility hypothesis.
D)Generalizability of coping skills.
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Chapter 10: Goal Setting in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following is considered to be an outcome goal as opposed to a performance or process goal?
A)It is important for me to play every point with confidence.
B)My goal is to get 70% of my first serves in the court.
C)My goal is to prevail against my opponent,what ever it takes.
D)I will hit 70% of my free throws and take down 10 rebounds in tonight's contest.
Q2) Research suggests that ____________ mediates the relationship between __________ and performance.
A)Goal setting,goal orientation.
B)Goal orientation,goal setting.
C)Goal striving,goal setting.
D)Goal setting,self-efficacy.
Q3) Which of the following is not a basic type of goal discussed in the sport psychology literature?
A)Effective goals.
B)Outcome goals.
C)Performance goals.
D)Process goals.
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Chapter 11: Imagery and Hypnosis in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of "waking hypnosis"?
A)The subject has just come out of the hypnotic trance.
B)The athlete has just been hypnotized and is experiencing the effects of the relaxation response.
C)While under the hypnotic trance,the athlete is asked to imagine performing an athletic event.
D)The athlete has not yet been hypnotizeD.
Q2) Which function of imagery is used to help the athlete experience specific sport skills and to plan strategies in advance of competition?
A)Cognitive functioning.
B)Attentional functioning.
C)Motivational functioning.
D)Internal functioning.
Q3) Imagery ________ reflects individual differences in the way an individual approaches imagery.
A)Style.
B)Vividness.
C)Controllability.
D)Intensity.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychological Skills Training
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not an employment opportunity typically found by individuals trained as sport psychologists?
A)University Counseling Center.
B)University Athletic Department.
C)University Student Center.
D)Private practice.
Q2) In a psychological skills training program,the first and most important step is for the sport psychologist to
A)Determine what the problem is.
B)Administer psychological inventories.
C)Conduct a needs analysis.
D)Determine who the client is.
Q3) These two avenues are not the only ones possible,but they are typical of how sport psychologists get started in their ultimate goal to develop a sport psychology consulting practice.
A)Physical education (kinesiology,sport sciences,etc. ),psychology.
B)Kinesiology,sport psychology.
C)Health & fitness,physical education.
D)Recreation,engineering.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Aggression and Violence in Sport
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Q1) At this stage of moral development,the individual is concerned with rewards,punishment,and their own welfare.
A)Pre-moral stage.
B)Preconventional stage.
C)Conventional stage.
D)Postconventional stage.
Q2) Which of the following would be an example of overt aggression?
A)Doing destructive violence to an inanimate object.
B)Unintentionally injuring another person during competition.
C)Sliding into second base with cleats high.
D)Aggressive behavior in which there is no chance for the intended victim to be injureD.
Q3) Which of the following is not predictive of actual state aggression in sport?
A)Autonomous motivation.
B)Team norm for aggression.
C)Stage of moral development.
D)Self-described likelihood to engage in acts of aggression.
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15
Chapter 14: Audience and Self-Presentation Effects in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based upon the Pollard (2006)model,seven different factors have both direct and indirect effects on the home advantage.Which of the following is not one of these factors?
A)Psychological factors
B)Team rivalry factors.
C)Travel considerations.
D)Referee bias.
Q2) In front of an expectant and supportive crowd the athlete begins to "press," which interferes with the execution of skillful play.
A)Home court advantage.
B)Away court disadvantage.
C)Self-attention.
D)None of the above.
Q3) Which statement is false regarding Zajonc's model of social facilitation?
A)The presence of an audience can facilitate performance.
B)It is based upon drive theory.
C)The mere presence of an audience facilitates the elicitation of the dominant response.
D)The model can be tested with interactive audiences.
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Chapter 15: Team Cohesion in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) A significant and positive relationship between team cohesion and athletic performance is most likely to occur with
A)Noninteractive teams.
B)Aquatic activities.
C)Coactive teams.
D)Interactive teams.
Q2) Athlete satisfaction is linked to team cohesion and may be measured using the A)Team Satisfaction Inventory.
B)Group Environment Questionnaire.
C)Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire.
D)None of the above.
Q3) _______________ describes the shared feeling of confidence enjoyed by a team as a whole.
A)Self-efficacy.
B)Team efficacy.
C)Team cohesion.
D)Social cohesion.
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17
Chapter 16: Leadership and Communication in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the baseball field the athlete enjoying the highest degree of propinquity and task dependence is the A)Catcher.
B)Pitcher.
C)Center fielder.
D)Shortstop.
Q2) Consistent with the Behling and Schriesheim leadership classification system,which of the following leadership theories is most congruent with Smith's sport personality contingency model?
A)Fiedler's contingency theory.
B)Life cycle theory.
C)Path goal theory.
D)Chelladurai's multidimensional leadership model.
Q3) Fiedler's contingency theory is a
A)Universal theory based upon personality traits.
B)Universal theory based upon behaviors.
C)Situation specific theory based upon behaviors.
D)Situation specific theory based upon personality traits.
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18
Chapter 17: Exercise Psychology
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Q1) The notion that _____________ of change should be most important for effecting change in the early stages of exercise and that _____________ should be most important in the later stages is referred to as the ___________ hypothesis.
A)Behavioral processes,cognitive processes,interaction.
B)Attentional processes,physiological processes,additive.
C)Cognitive processes,behavioral processes,interaction.
D)Cognitive processes,somatic processes,multiplicative.
Q2) ____________ refers to the images or mental pictures that people have about their own bodies.
A)Body image.
B)Physique image.
C)Physique management.
D)Idealized somatic image.
Q3) Social physique anxiety is higher and self-presentation efficacy is lower in the ____________ focused environment.
A)Appearance.
B)Fitness.
C)Health.
D)None of the above.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Psychology of Athletic Injuries and Career
Termination
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Q1) Which of the following is not a personal factor related to adherence to injury rehabilitation?
A)Pain tolerance.
B)Tough-mindedness.
C)Ego or goal orientation.
D)Self-motivation.
Q2) Research has identified three stressors that the athlete must deal with in order to return successfully to competition.Identify the response that does not belong:
A)Physical stressors.
B)Social stressors.
C)Performance stressors.
D)Organizational stresssors.
Q3) _________________ posits that the motivation to adhere to injury rehabilitation is thought to be based upon personal incentive,beliefs about self,and perceived options.
A)Concordance theory.
B)Personal investment theory.
C)Protection motivation theory.
D)Cognitive appraisal theory.
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Chapter 19: Drug Abuse in Sport and Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a reason given by athletes as to why they are experiencing symptoms of burnout?
A)Sport too demanding.
B)Can't balance commitment to sport with other important demands.
C)Not enough social time.
D)Nagging injuries and constant competitive demands.
Q2) According to Yates (1991),obligatory runners and anorexics have similar family backgrounds,socioeconomic status,personality characteristics,tolerance of pain,and quest for asceticism.
A)Exercise obsession.
B)Anorexia analogue hypothesis.
C)A proven statement.
D)Anorexia nervosa.
Q3) Naturally occurring levels of testosterone in the body.
A)Exogenous testosterone.
B)Endogenous testosterone.
C)Synthetic testosterone.
D)Anabolic steroids.
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