Perception and Attention Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Perception and Attention explores the fundamental processes by which humans and other organisms interpret sensory information and focus cognitive resources on relevant stimuli. This course examines the mechanisms underlying perceptual organization, including how the brain constructs a coherent representation of the environment from sensory input, and investigates various forms of attention such as selective, divided, and sustained attention. Through a combination of theoretical frameworks, experimental findings, and real-world applications, students will gain insight into the factors that influence perception and attentional control, the neural correlates of these processes, and their implications for behavior and cognition.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology Theory Process and Methodology 1st Edition by Dawn M. McBride
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12 Chapters
521 Verified Questions
521 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Smith is developing a new drug to treat headaches. To test this drug, she develops a study in which one group gets the new drug, and the other gets a placebo, or a fake pill. Dr. Smith measures whether or not headaches improve by giving each participant a survey each day. The drug is the _____.
A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
Answer: A
Q2) A(n) _____ is designed to simplify the contexts surrounding the behavior of interest, allowing for focused investigation of the impact of a relatively small set of variables.
A) correlational study
B) survey study
C) case study
D) experimental study
Answer: D
Q3) Neuronal transmission is as fast as the speed of light.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Smith wants to assess the effect of inhibiting a particular area of the brain on a person's behavior. Which technique would best accomplish this?
A) Electroencephalography
B) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
C) Positron Emission Tomography
D) Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Answer: D
Q2) The brain is composed of billions of _____.
A) cortices
B) neurons
C) lobes
D) synapses
Answer: B
Q3) In _____, patients have difficulties understanding speech.
A) Wernicke's aphasia
B) Broca's aphasia
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Perception
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are walking down the street in New York City, and you hear some loud bangs and feel a slight vibration under your feet. According to the likelihood principle, what would you assume caused the vibration?
A) An earthquake
B) A truck driving by
C) An underground volcano erupting
D) A car accident a block away
Answer: A
Q2) Compare and contrast the dorsal stream and the ventral stream, giving an example of how each would be used in the everyday environment.
Answer: A correct answer would distinguish the dorsal and ventral streams as the "where" and "what" pathways, respectively, and would give examples of how each would be used to process events in everyday situations.
Q3) Every stimulus sensed by your sense organs is consciously perceived.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Attention
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Being able to name the colors of various symbols illustrates _____.
A) Change blindness
B) Inattentional blindness
C) The Stroop Effect
D) The Simon Effect
Q2) You are participating in an experiment in which you are told to locate the letter "T" among a field of digits. This is an example of _____.
A) A consistent mapping condition
B) A varied mapping condition
C) The dual-task method
D) The Stroop Effect
Q3) If you had to turn your car wheel left to make a right turn, you would likely get confused. This illustrates _____.
A) Change blindness
B) The Simon effect
C) The attention capture phenomenon
D) The theory of unconscious inference
Q4) Discuss Kahneman's (1973) capacity model of attention and give one example.
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Chapter 5: Memory Structures and Processes
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your memory for cognitive psychology terms is an example of _____
A) Semantic memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Working memory
Q2) Remembering how to drive a car is an example of _____.
A) Semantic memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Working memory
Q3) You just recently bought a new cell phone and had to change your phone number. However, your old phone number keeps interfering with your ability to remember your new phone number. This is an example of _____.
A) Retroactive interference
B) Proactive interference
Q4) Multiple choice questions are to _____ as essay questions are to _____.
A) Recall; recognition
B) Recognition; recall
Q5) Discuss the process that a memory goes through during formation. Include neuroanatomical considerations.
7
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Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The more _____ encoding processes are, the better we remember.
A) time-consuming
B) simple
C) elaborate
D) effortful
Q2) _____ are memory techniques that have been used by humans for thousands of years to remember information.
A) Mnemonics
B) Retrieval effects
C) Serial position curves
D) Languages
Q3) Highlighting concepts in your textbook is the best way to study for an exam.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The more shallow the level of processing, the easier it is to remember it.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the "Levels of Processing" theory of memory storage and retrieval. Provide and explain several examples.
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Chapter 7: Memory Errors
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43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a way to decrease potential False eyewitness testimony?
A) Double-blind lineups
B) Telling the identifier that the suspect may not be in the lineup
C) Presenting one suspect at a time
D) Presenting all suspects at once
Q2) The only people susceptible to memory errors are elderly people with varying diagnoses of dementia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is advisable to be careful how one words a question to a child, due to the fact that children are particularly susceptible to False memories. This is known as suggestibility.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The fact that cats are fuzzy, have tails and four legs is an example of a schema.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List Daniel Schacter's seven sins of memory, and give an example of each.
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Chapter 8: Imagery
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stacy thinks if athletes mentally imagine themselves practicing their basketball free throws, they will get better at it in real life. This supports the _____.
A) Concreteness effect
B) Bizarreness effect
C) Visual imagery theory
D) Motor imagery theory
Q2) It is thought that pictures produce automatic encoding in ____, whereas words produce automatic encoding in _____.
A) three modalities; two modalities
B) one modality; three modalities
C) two modalities; one modality
D) one modality; two modalities
Q3) The idea that information is represented nonspatially in the mind is called a _____.
A) propositional representation
B) spatial representation
C) hallucination
D) auditory image
Q4) Discuss a way that you could test the role of imagery in motor performance.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Language
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The subfield of linguistics that examines the use of language within particular contexts is called semantics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss the details of the structure of language. Give definitions for each term and provide examples.
Q3) _____ are the smallest representations that convey meaning and grammatical properties.
A) Phonemes
B) Morphemes
C) Orthographs
D) Words
Q4) While sitting in class listening to your professor's lecture, a student sneezes. Miraculously, you still understand the particular point the professor was attempting to make. This illustrates _____.
A) the phoneme restoration effect
B) coarticulation
C) speech invariance
D) morphemes
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Chapter 10: Concepts and Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) Subordinate concepts tend to be distinctive but not very informative.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Distinguish between the prototype and exemplar approaches to concepts. Define and give an example of each.
Q3) Barsalou (1985) examined goal-derived concepts, which are:
A) Categories of things grouped together based on shared color features
B) Categories of things grouped together based on shared structural features
C) Categories of things grouped together based on shared observable features
D) Categories of things grouped together based on how well their members satisfy a particular purpose
Q4) All of the following are examples of goal-derived concepts EXCEPT _____.
A) Healthy foods
B) Valentine's Day presents
C) Things to take with you to the gym
D) Birds
Q5) Discuss the research regarding the way experts process information in their own area of expertise vs. areas outside of their expertise. Provide an example.
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Chapter 11: Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) How we mentally represent a problem can _____ finding the solution.
A) help with B) hinder
C) both help and hinder
D) neither help nor hinder
Q2) Sheldon from the Big Bang Theory uses an established formula to solve a complex physics problem. This is an example of a(n) _____.
A) heuristic
B) algorithm
C) recipe
D) mental set
Q3) Solving a crossword puzzle is an example of an ill-defined problem.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Getting dressed is an example of a well-defined problem.
A)True
B)False
Q5) All of the processes involved in problem-solving are unconscious.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Reasoning and Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sometimes it feels as though we use logic to reason, while other times we use other methods, like making a split-second decision without any time to think. This best illustrates _____.
A) Rapid-decision framework
B) Dual-process framework
C) Dual-decision framework
D) Inductive reasoning
Q2) Scientific experiments rely on causal reasoning.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The following is a valid conditional argument: "If it snows today, I am not going to work. I am going to work. It is not snowing today."
A)True
B)False
Q4) The general model of decision making suggests that we spend time structuring our decision before making a final decision.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast deductive vs. inductive reasoning.
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