Peoples and Cultures of the World Mock Exam
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive exploration of the diverse peoples and cultures that comprise the global community. Through comparative studies of societies from various continents, students will examine cultural traditions, social structures, belief systems, economic practices, and the impact of globalization on local cultures. Emphasizing anthropological perspectives, the course also addresses issues such as identity, power, and cultural change, encouraging students to develop a deeper appreciation for cultural diversity and to understand the interconnectedness of contemporary world societies.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Cultural Anthropology 1st Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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14 Chapters
900 Verified Questions
900 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Latin language of ancient Rome is no longer spoken routinely.What kind of work is needed to examine how Latin changed into the Romance languages of today (French,Spanish,Portuguese,Romanian,and Italian)?
A) descriptive linguistics
B) comparative research
C) classical linguistics
D) historic linguistics
Answer: D
Q2) The author states that pollution,population growth,climate change,and overfishing are serious issues,and nature may not be able to adapt to
A) human activity.
B) glacial activity.
C) global warming.
D) intensification.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Culture
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early anthropologists suggested that all cultures would naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages regardless of location or historical experience.What was this concept called and who were three of its early proponents? What were the three primary stages that all cultures pass through according to this anthropological approach? In your opinion,what are some implications that an approach such as this could have on how societies are perceived around the world?
Answer: Students must correctly reference the concept of unilineal cultural evolution and identify Edward Burnett Tylor,James Frazer,and Henry Morgan as the three proponents.Students must also correctly identify the three stages as savage,barbarian,and civilized and offer at least two implications that this approach could have on how societies are perceived around the world.
Q2) Anthropologists attempting to understand humans and their interactions must contend with the idea of ________ as both a definition and theoretical framework.
A) culture
B) ethnography
C) ethnocentrism
D) cultural relativism
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define zeros and explain their significance for ethnographers.
Answer: Zeros are the elements of a story or picture that are not told or seen;they are key details omitted from the conversation.This omission offers insight into which topics are too sensitive to discuss publicly.
Q2) Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard's approach to anthropology has been criticized for being ahistorical,and one of the major shortcomings of his work was due to A) the people he studied being part of a larger preexisting colonial system.
B) his tendency to conduct experiments on people while in the field.
C) his failure to consider the impact of his work on the tribes he studied.
D) his lack of understanding of the forces of evolution.
Answer: A
Q3) Sidney Mintz
A) conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands.
B) researched social life among the Nuer of Africa.
C) studied the effects of colonialism in Puerto Rico.
D) examined sexuality in Samoa.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider a used car salesperson.This individual must be highly skilled at using words to persuade people to part with a chunk of money.This illustrates the way that linguistic skills as a form of cultural capital
A) are not needed to make a good living.
B) are often used to cheat others out of their money.
C) can be converted into monetary gain.
D) are a useful tool for car sales but not for financial careers.
Q2) Gender differences in communication often give rise to stereotypes.One common one in the United States suggests that women never seem to stop talking.This contradicts the research showing that men
A) are better able to use language to their advantage.
B) adopt linguistic strategies that help them maintain conversational dominance.
C) are often reluctant to speak up in mixed-gender settings.
D) adopt linguistic strategies that focus on letting women participate in conversation.
Q3) What do linguistic anthropologists think about how women and men use language in different ways? What are the two models that explain why language is used in gendered ways,and what are examples that illustrate their hypotheses? Which one of these two models is more compelling to you,and why?
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Chapter 5: Race and Racism
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the concept of racialization and how it applies to Middle Eastern people in the United States.
Q2) In the period between 1933 and 1936,the Nazi regime under Hitler implemented laws that defined who was and was not Jewish according to ancestry.Any person with three or four Jewish grandparents was considered a "full-blooded" Jew;those with fewer (but more than zero)were considered "half-breeds" or "mongrels." This approach to dividing and categorizing people implies the existence of multiple,biologically based A) clines.
B) ethnicities.
C) phylogenies.
D) races.
Q3) Compare and contrast the concepts genotype and phenotype.
Q4) In order to make discriminatory ideas and behavior seem reasonable and normal,a few societies invoked popular ideas about racial differences known as A) racial ideology.
B) racialization.
C) nativism.
D) colonialism.
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Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As part of a territorial conflict in Bosnia,ethnic Croats expelled,imprisoned,or killed the Muslim people to whom they had lived peacefully next door for more than five hundred years.This illustrates the concept of
A) ethnic cleansing.
B) genocide.
C) fascism.
D) expulsion.
Q2) Anthropological research reveals that most ethnic groups and nations are recent historical creations,our connection to people within these groups is relatively new,and our shared traditions are recently invented.In addition,most members will never meet each other.Therefore,most nations today are
A) achieved communities.
B) conglomerates.
C) nation-states.
D) imagined communities.
Q3) The United States has been described as a so-called melting pot for immigrants,but not all immigrant groups follow the same trajectory.In a brief essay,compare and contrast the experiences of Italian,Jewish,Greek,or other European immigrants with those of immigrants from China or India.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Gender
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process through which a sense of gender becomes normative and seems natural is called
A) gender performance.
B) gender stratification.
C) enculturation.
D) cultural context.
Q2) The pattern of behavior including gambling,drinking,infidelity,and drug use that Matthew Gutmann studied in Mexico is associated with A) criminals.
B) poverty.
C) machismo.
D) fatherhood.
Q3) Early feminist anthropological studies focused on identifying A) the myth of matriarchy in prehistoric societies.
B) the underlying roots of universal male dominance.
C) gender equality in industrialized societies.
D) sources of female power in nonindustrialized cultures.
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Chapter 8: Sexuality
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Philosopher Michel Foucault describes sexuality as "an especially dense transfer point for relations of power." Discuss his claim.How does the private act of sex become a transfer point for power? Is such a transfer process something that is exclusively private? What are the public channels in which we might expect to observe this process?
Q2) The experience of being a middle-class black lesbian is A) the same as the experience of being a middle-class white lesbian. B) the same as the experience of being a middle-class black heterosexual woman. C) a unique status reflecting the intersectionality of race,class,and sexuality. D) the same as the experience of being a middle-class black heterosexual man.
Q3) Human beings have a libido-a degree of sexual and erotic drive or interest-that varies widely.During our lives,our libido fluctuates,and for many,the baseline libido is so low as to result in no erotic interest in others at all.This is true for those who identify as A) homosexual.
B) bisexual.
C) asexual.
D) heterosexual.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The origins of the incest taboo are unclear,even after decades of careful study.One theory holds that the taboo exists as a result of the fear of biological degeneration and the possible effects of inbreeding.One of the arguments against this theory is that A) data from careful population sampling clearly shows this does not happen.
B) the human genome project has shown that reproduction in affinal groups does not result in genetic damage.
C) both genetics and population science emerged long after the incest taboo.
D) early researchers of the incest taboo did not fully investigate the phenomenon in fieldwork.
Q2) Globalization is currently placing stress on kinship systems worldwide,and one of the major reasons this is happening is the result of increasing economic stress,which in turn leads to
A) democratization.
B) stratification.
C) migration.
D) poverty.
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11
Chapter 10: Class and Inequality
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The advent of agriculture as a primary means of subsistence signaled a change in what aspect of human social structures?
A) an increase in the number of egalitarian societies
B) a decline in the number of egalitarian societies
C) a rise in the amount of food sharing that took place between different groups
D) an increase in the numbers of people that were overweight
Q2) The total value of what someone owns,including stocks,bonds,and real estate,minus any debt,such as a mortgage or credit card debt,is considered
A) wealth.
B) investments.
C) income.
D) capital.
Q3) Which of the following consists of wages earned from work,plus dividends and interest on investments along with rents and royalties?
A) investments
B) wealth
C) income
D) profits
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Chapter 11: The Global Economy
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Currently,the world is consuming natural resources at double the rate required to maintain sustainable levels.This is a stark example of the problem of A) overpopulation.
B) the human ecological footprint.
C) uncontrolled expansion of capitalism.
D) increasing poverty.
Q2) Contrast the perspectives of modernization and dependency theories.First,define modernization theory and explain two objectives of economic development projects.Then discuss the criticisms of this approach that have emerged in Latin America.Why did Latin American theorists argue that Latin American nations could not be competitive in the global economic system? What did they suggest that underdeveloped nations do?
Q3) In the United States,the system of taxation is a form of A) redistribution.
B) balanced reciprocity.
C) negative reciprocity.
D) market exchange.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Politics and Power
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The potential power of the individual to challenge structures of power is referred to as
A) agency.
B) authority.
C) individuality.
D) hegemony.
Q2) Describe militarization and its effects on a society.How does it relate to the construction of war and soldiers?
Q3) Many nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),sometimes referred to as civil society organizations,have been powerful voices against the exercise of state power.While these organizations are made up of many individuals,in the actions they take,they can be seen as exercising
A) hegemony.
B) agency.
C) political will.
D) local advocacy.
Q4) In a brief essay,describe three ways power is wielded outside the control of the state.
Q5) Describe the concept of hegemony,what it does,and how it works.Provide an example.
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Chapter 13: Religion
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the central tasks of anthropologists studying religion is to understand the religious sense of
A) truthfulness.
B) the strength of individual belief.
C) connection to all the major world religions.
D) moral order.
Q2) French ethnographer and folklorist Arnold van Gennep (1873-1957)was the first to theorize a category of ritual called "rites of passage." What are rites of passage,and what is an example of a rite of passage in your own cultural experience? How are rites of passage related to rituals and religion? Are there rites of passage in cultural groups that are not tied to religion? Provide an example.How do rites of passage affect the individual,and how do they affect the cultural group as a whole?
Q3) In 1931,anthropologist Audrey Richards documented the chisungu ritual,performed in Zambia.This women-only ritual centers on menstruation and marriage and is an example of
A) rites of passage.
B) liminal engagement.
C) sacredness.
D) religious fervor.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Health and Illness
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The example of Lia Lee and the tragic ending to her story demonstrates that health is a matter of
A) careful application of the western approach to medical care to ensure success.
B) both the physical and social body.
C) ensuring that both patient and doctor speak the same language.
D) placing anthropologists into U.S.medical facilities to avoid such tragedies.
Q2) Illness narratives
A) are based on a physician's assessment of an illness.
B) are based on the personal stories that people tell of their illness.
C) are ethnographic studies of disease and illness.
D) are based on narratives provided by anthropologists to physicians.
Q3) The study of health care provided at Alpha House in New York City suggested that black women and other women of color were better able to withstand pain than white women,and were often referred to as more "primitive" by the health care workers.These attitudes stemmed largely from
A) stories and folklore about black women's bodies.
B) stories told to the workers by trained physicians.
C) conflicts between physicians of color and white patients.
D) information that was the result of Medicaid policies and directives.
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Page 16