Peoples and Cultures of the World Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Peoples and Cultures of the World explores the vast diversity of human societies across the globe, examining social structures, belief systems, economies, and everyday life within various cultural contexts. Through an anthropological lens, the course investigates how different groups adapt to their environments, construct identities, and interact with each other. Students will engage with case studies from regions such as Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania, gaining insights into cultural practices, values, art, language, and traditions. Emphasis is placed on understanding cultural similarities and differences, as well as the impact of globalization and cross-cultural interaction on contemporary societies.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology A Toolkit for a Global Age 2nd Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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17 Chapters
1134 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anthropology has long studied the marginalized and remote segments of human society. Recently, a lot of research has begun to look at the upper segments of society, which can help us understand how the other marginalized groups come into being and exist at all. What is this process called?
A) studying up
B) marginalization
C) deep ethnography
D) thick description
Answer: A
Q2) In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?
A) four-field approach
B) cultural evolution
C) physical anthropology
D) ethnobiology
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Culture as a system includes knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, and artifacts. It also must include which of the following?
A) institutions
B) ideas
C) languages
D) religions
Answer: A
Q2) The notion of a culture of consumerism is distinct from the concept of culture more generally. Do you think that the culture of consumerism affects culture more generally in some way, and if so, how? What are some benefits and drawbacks of the culture of consumerism in society today? Do you think it will affect the future of societies, and if so, in what explicit ways?
Answer: Students should offer an opinion regarding the effects of consumerism on culture in general, providing at least one concrete example that substantiates the opinion. They should discuss at least two benefits and two drawbacks of the culture of consumerism. Students should end with a solid argument that consumerism either will or will not affect the future, providing at least two examples to substantiate the argument.
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Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two different anthropologists write about the same people. The first makes detailed field notes and conducts surveys. The second does not conduct surveys, but talks to many people in the field and takes good notes. When they publish their results, the first anthropologist's book has every single detail of the research, and the second anthropologist's book has many of the raw interviews as part of the text. We might consider the second book to be polyvocal because:
A) it includes many voices from the people interviewed.
B) the voices of the informants are used to describe the ethnographer's personal perspective.
C) there is no actual survey data in the book.
D) it uses selective accounts of the informants to tell the whole story.
Answer: A
Q2) Fieldwork is considered a scientific approach to understanding human societies. At the same time, however, fieldwork is considered to be what?
A) precise qualitative evaluation
B) a form of exploitation
C) an art
D) intrusive
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) The United States is home to people speaking nearly 400 languages, including ________ distinct Native American languages.
A) 32
B) 70
C) 112
D) 169
Q2) Which component of any language refers to names, ideas, and events that offer a kind of catalogue of what is spoken and can be compiled into something accessible to others?
A) dialect
B) grammar
C) lexicon
D) syntax
Q3) The book mentions how recent uprisings like the Arab Spring relied on the proliferation of digital communication technologies. Based on what you read in the text, name and describe one opportunity and one challenge that innovations in communication technology might present for future social movements.
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Chapter 5: Human Origins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Until the mid-1800s, most peppered moths in Great Britain were white, while a few were dark. Why did these groups switch during the Industrial Revolution, when most of the peppered moth population evolved to have the darker coloration?
A) Pollutants covered the moths and made them appear darker.
B) Some moths were able to turn black and pass the color to their offspring.
C) The pollution created mutagens that caused a widespread mutation for darker coloration.
D) Dark moths were selected because their color was an advantage in the new environment.
Q2) Without gene mutations there would be no evolution. Explain why this is the case.
Q3) At about what date do DNA studies place the migration of humans out of Africa?
A) 780,000 yBP
B) 1.2 million yBP
C) 250,000 yBP
D) 100,000 yBP
Q4) Explain how the principle of natural selection has been a contributor to the theory of evolution. Discuss examples where natural selection has occurred in a population.
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Chapter 6: Race and Racism
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Sample Questions
Q1) To apply stereotypical traits to people based on their supposed racial ancestry is referred to as ________.
A) discrimination
B) microaggression
C) segregation
D) racialization
Q2) The failure of the New York State school system to add $5.6 billion to the annual school budget in order to ensure that all students received the same level of funding reflects what aspect of racism?
A) racialization
B) racial ideology
C) profiling
D) institutional racism
Q3) Compare and contrast the concepts of individual racism with institutional racism. Provide examples from class to support your points.
Q4) Explain what is meant by the concept of "white privilege."
Q5) Explain how and why the "one drop of blood rule" was traditionally used to determine race in American culture.
Q6) Identify the main factors that determine race in the Dominican Republic.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Illegal border crossings in the southwestern United States have led to the enactment of laws to try to stop the influx of immigrants. Sometimes the legal language is written in a manner that signifies "American-ness," using veiled racial markers to clearly identify those who are "in" and those who are "out." This particular kind of demarcation is called
A) apartheid
B) cultural wall
C) ethnic boundary
D) segregation
Q2) In 2014, Scots voted in a referendum whether or not to make their nation an independent country, separate from the United Kingdom. Although the referendum was defeated, what particular sentiment were the Scots expressing by seeking independence?
A) a desire for ethnic cleansing
B) nationalism
C) the sentiment of being in diaspora
D) rebellion
Q3) Identify three things that are used as ethnic boundary markers, and explain in what cultures they are used and how.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gender
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67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With which of the following statements about human behavior would an anthropologist be most likely to agree?
A) It is a combination of nature (biology) and nurture (enculturation).
B) It is almost entirely dictated by nature (biology).
C) It is almost entirely dictated by nurture (enculturation).
D) It is a result of biology or cultural expectations depending on the person, but never both in the same individual.
Q2) An anthropologist observes a young man holding a door open for a woman entering a building. From the perspective of someone studying gender, how can this be interpreted?
A) as a form of gender performance
B) as a type of gender dysphoria
C) as a form of gender ideology
D) as an example of gender stratification
Q3) What group of women is facing the greatest risk of sexual assault?
A) working women
B) religious women
C) women college students
D) white women
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Chapter 9: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do the "salary men" of white-collar Japan go to hostess bars?
A) to find suitable companions for the evening
B) to build and strengthen office relationships and corporate culture
C) to relieve their sexual tensions
D) to enjoy banter about women's breasts
Q2) According to the work of Don Kulick and Jens Rydstrom, how do most governments regard the sexuality of disabled persons when providing them with living assistance?
A) The erotic lives of the disabled are largely ignored.
B) The erotic lives of the disabled are respected as a biological need.
C) Disabled persons are generally denied access to sexual health testing.
D) Disabled persons receive greater access to sexual health care.
Q3) Philosopher Michel Foucault describes sexuality as "an especially dense transfer point for relations of power." Discuss his claim. How does the private act of sex become a transfer point for power? What are the public channels in which we might expect to observe this process?
Q4) Define sexuality and, using a minimum of three examples from the text, describe the ways in which culture influences sexual beliefs and behaviors.
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Chapter 10: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do humans build kinship ties between two people who are not their immediate biological kin?
A) blood
B) marriage
C) school
D) cohabitation
Q2) The parents of an upper-class family in the United States send their two children to a private boarding school and, later, to an elite college. Both children marry other members of the upper class, whom they met at school. Their parents encouraged what kind of an arranged marriage?
A) companionate
B) exogamous
C) endogamous
D) polygamous
Q3) Which country "sends" the most adoptees to the United States?
A) China
B) Ukraine
C) Ethiopia
D) South Korea
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Class and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contemporary economic relations in many societies today tend to be organized around the exchange of money for services rather than around patterns of reciprocity. However, patterns of reciprocity still exist today even within highly stratified societies. What are three examples of patterns of reciprocity that are likely to occur in highly stratified societies today, and what purpose do they serve within or between social groups? How does gift giving relate to patterns of reciprocity, and what may be some underlying motivations in gift giving that are related to group survival or benefit? Given the longevity of reciprocity as a social pattern within human evolutionary experience, do you think it will continue to be present within and among social groups in the future? Why or why not?
Q2) Egalitarian societies depend on sharing which of the following in order to ensure group success?
A) children
B) resources
C) weaponry
D) sexual partners
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13
Chapter 12: The Global Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has the greatest carrying capacity?
A) small, local farms
B) groups of food foragers
C) industrial agriculture
D) pastoralists
Q2) Which of the following distinguishes agriculture in nonindustrial states from agriculture in egalitarian societies?
A) swidden farming
B) tending livestock
C) gathering of nuts, fruits, and root crops
D) landless tenants as wage laborers
Q3) Why was European colonialism such an important component in the development of the global economic system? Why was Columbus's voyage to the New World tied to the trade network occurring in the Old World? Explain how the discovery of gold and silver in the New World and colonization facilitated Europe's participation in the Old World trade network.
Q4) Explain the controversies associated with neoliberal policies. What is the reasoning behind structural adjustment policies? Use two examples from Jamaica to discuss problems associated with structural adjustment.
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Chapter 13: Migration
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term do anthropologists use to refer to the Nikkeijin, or Japanese who continue to travel back and forth between Japan and Brazil?
A) assimilated migrants
B) yo-yo migrants
C) see-saw migrants
D) internally displaced
Q2) Nawal studied medicine at her university in Egypt. Although she can work as a doctor in Egypt, she is enticed by the high wages and opportunities offered in other countries. What term refers to the phenomenon of many skilled professionals like Nawal leaving their country of origin?
A) prestige economies
B) entrepreneurial immigration
C) brain drain
D) head hunting
Q3) What are the effects of migrations on populations left behind? How has transnational migration reshaped the relationship that migrating individuals have with their sending communities? Explain how information technology and the ability to travel internationally have reshaped how people interact with family members in households with migrants, using evidence from the textbook.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Politics and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do we call an autonomous political unit composed of a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief?
A) group
B) band
C) tribe
D) chiefdom
Q2) Describe the concept of agency and how it works, and give an example that illustrates this concept.
Q3) The political structure of modern countries includes a central government that exercises complete political, military, and economic control of its territory. Modern countries are considered what kind of organization?
A) tribe
B) state
C) band
D) chiefdom
Q4) In a brief essay, describe three elements of a social movement. Provide examples to illustrate your description.
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Chapter 15: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Religious revivals have been spreading across various areas of the world. In some countries, such as China, however, the government faces a dilemma. How might religion threaten a government? How would a religious revival act as an antagonistic force to an established government? What kinds of strategies has the Chinese government seemed to use in order to avoid religion as a threat and still allow it to be practiced? What do you think are the underlying forces spurring the religious revival, what direction do you think it will take in the future, and what forces do you think will affect the future direction? Do you think religion will eventually die out in the future? Why or why not?
Q2) The author describes his own work in Chinatown and the appearance of a temple used by the Chinese religious communities there. People were observed praying at the altar and conducting themselves in a manner consistent with a religious site. What other function does the temple serve that is not religious?
A) human trafficking drop point
B) informal barter market
C) dance hall
D) information exchange
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Chapter 16: Health, Illness, and the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anthropologists have recognized that Western biomedicine draws heavily on:
A) universally held values.
B) the experience of the doctor in a foreign country.
C) enlightenment values.
D) the willingness of the doctor to practice alternative medicine.
Q2) According to the text, Mayan women of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula typically gave birth in a hammock. What else usually happened during the birth event?
A) Doctors and nurses carefully monitored the progress.
B) Midwives monitored the progress.
C) Family life continued as it usually did.
D) Midwives ensured that family members were not present to disturb the mother.
Q3) What has significantly changed in the Ladakh region of the Himalayas?
A) the cash economy has been undermined, resulting in increased bartering
B) militarization in neighboring Kashmir has decreased, resulting in less stress
C) urbanization has fragmented community life
D) Western biomedicine is now widely available
Q4) What is biomedicine, and how do the practitioners view and treat diseases? Discuss two criticisms that anthropologists have about the European biases in the model.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Art and Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins's study of National Geographic's photographic gaze. What is the effect of National Geographic's cultural lens? Then make a short list of visual media you encounter throughout the day-social media, news, television shows, websites, and advertising, for example-and list some clues that you think intentionally or unintentionally express the worldviews of the media owners, editors, designers, videographers, or others who made that media.
Q2) In Christopher Steiner's ethnography of art in Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire, who are the primary consumers of locally produced art?
A) Arab businessmen
B) African farmers
C) Western businessmen
D) Western tourists
Q3) Anthropologists see art as all the ideas, forms, techniques, and strategies that humans use to do what?
A) use objectively valuable materials in a beautiful way
B) communicate their cultural values to other societies
C) teach cultural norms to children in an entertaining way
D) communicate their creativity and inspiration
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