Peoples and Cultures of the World Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive exploration of the diverse peoples and cultures that shape our world, examining cross-cultural connections and distinctions through the lenses of anthropology, history, and sociology. Students will investigate cultural practices, belief systems, social organizations, and interactions within and among various societies across the globe. By analyzing case studies and ethnographic materials, the course emphasizes cultural adaptation, change, and continuity, fostering an understanding of both global diversity and the shared aspects of human experience.
Recommended Textbook
The Essence of Anthropology 3rd Edition by William A. Haviland
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16 Chapters
1823 Verified Questions
1823 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Essence of Anthropology
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ anthropology can be used to solve practical problems.
Answer: Applied
Q2) The study of material remains in order to describe and explain human behavior is known as _______________.
Answer: archaeology
Q3) Studies of growth and development can provide data on the evolutionary history of humans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Which of the following is not a characteristic of medical anthropology?
A) brings together theoretical and applied approaches
B) uses approaches from cultural and biological anthropology
C) studies human sickness and health
D) involves anthropologists who are sick
Answer: D
Q5) Human evolutionary studies are also known as _________________.
Answer: paleoanthropology
Q6) A midden is a _______________.
Answer: prehistoric refuse mound
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biology and Evolution
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the A-B-O blood system, an individual with type O has an OO
Answer: genotype
Q2) The complete sequence of human DNA is called the genome.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Chimpanzees and humans share what percentage of DNA similarity?
A) 90%
B) 95%
C) 97%
D) 98%
Answer: D
Q4) Taxonomy is an ancient form of classification created by Linnaeus that is no longer used today.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) When a gene contains identical alleles it is referred to as _______________.
Answer: homozygous
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Chapter 3: Living Primates
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ teeth are used primarily for ripping, tearing, and fighting. Answer: Canine
Q2) Chimpanzee females hunt.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) _______________ is locomotion by swinging from tree to tree.
Answer: Brachiation
Q4) Tree-living primates have an acute sense of touch.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Among primates, the limb pattern structure allows for speed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q6) What advantages does stereoscopic vision confer on primates?
Answer: It allows for 3-dimesional perception regarding depth, direction, and distance, as well as the relationship between objects.This would increase accuracy in food collection and protection against predators.
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Human Evolution
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Homo erectus placed a new emphasis on:
A) larger tools
B) smaller tools
C) more multi-purpose tools
D) pebble tools
Q2) Give at least 3 examples of the cultural explosion that occurred beginning about 40,000 years ago and is associated with anatomically modern peoples.
Q3) Scientists date the split between human ancestors and the ancestors of African apes between:
A) 10 and 15 million years ago
B) 5 and 2 million years ago
C) 8 and 5 million years ago
D) 9 and 6 million years ago
Q4) By what time period had the human brain reached it relative modern size?
A) about 100,000 years ago
B) about 20,000 years ago
C) about 200,000 years ago
D) about 10,000 years ago
Q5) The earliest human stone tool tradition was the _______________.
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Chapter 5: The Neolithic Revolution: The Domestication of
Plants and Animals
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The microlith became common throughout the "Old World" during the:
A) Paleolithic
B) Mesolithic
C) Neolithic
D) Eolithic
Q2) Eighty percent of the world's annual tonnage of all crops is made up of how many varieties of plant species?
A) 9
B) 14
C) 12
D) 7
Q3) Many of the early animal domesticates migrated seasonally.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Microliths could only be made from flint.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name four common sources of Neolithic clothing.
Q7) The breeding of new plants is called _______________. Page 7
Q6) What is the difference between domestic versus wild plants and animals?
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Page 8
Chapter 6: The Emergence of Cities and States
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112 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is Çatalhöyük unlike the early cities?
Q2) The Code of Hammurabi includes detail and procedure regarding all of the following except:
A) medical malpractice procedure
B) educational law
C) family rights
D) trade and commerce
Q3) Describe the early Mesoamerican city of Teotihuacan.
Q4) The Maya constructed water reservoirs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Until 1800 _______________ was the largest city that ever existed in the area known today as the United States.
A) New York
B) Moundville
C) Etowah
D) Cahokia
Q6) Trace the spread of early civilization from Mesopotamia to China in chronological order by listing geographical areas.
Q7) What is action theory?
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Chapter 7: Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blumenbach referred to inhabitants of Asia, including China and Japan, as
Q2) Which of the following is highest in naturally-occurring Vitamin D?
A) corn
B) lettuce
C) sunflower oil
D) cod liver oil
Q3) Dark-skinned people have more melanin-producing cells than those with light skin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The expression of genes always occurs from within a/an _______________.
Q5) What are the four primary variants that determine skin color in an individual?
Q6) _______________ is a practice of assigning a child to the race of the minority parent. It is also known as the "one drop rule."
Q7) What is the primary purpose of vitamin D in humans?
A) develop acute eyesight
B) maintain the balance of calcium in the body
C) prevent the development of respiratory illnesses
D) enhance the production of collagen for hair
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Chapter 8: The Characteristics of Culture
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118 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kapauku culture defines the caring of pigs as _______________ work.
Q2) In many North American Indian societies there were four categories of _______________.
Q3) Was the development of irrigation in Mesopotamia adaptive or maladaptive?
A) it was never adaptive
B) it was adaptive over the long run
C) it was maladaptive when first established
D) it was adaptive when first established
Q4) Which country in 2008 extended some basic human rights to other non-human primates?
A) Spain
B) France
C) Germany
D) United States
Q5) As the effects of globalization increase from moment to moment, what do you think is the ultimate fate of cultural diversity? How might this affect humans in the future?
Q6) English is a set of symbols.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The smallest unit of sound that can make a difference in meaning is called a:
A) morpheme
B) phonology
C) phone
D) phoneme
Q2) _________________________ is the distinction between male and female speech styles.
Q3) The preservation of native languages is essential to the preservation of native cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Changing from one mode of speech to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another or from one dialect of a language to another is called:
A) ethnolinguistics
B) bilingualism
C) linguistic determination
D) code switching
Q5) What is paralanguage?
Q6) Compare and contrast signals and symbols. Give examples of each.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Social Identity, Personality, and Gender
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dependence training helps an individual become self-reliant, independent, and ambitious.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Although National Character Studies are no longer considered scientifically valid, how might anthropologists develop a way to study "cultures-at-a-distance" given the new forms of technology that exist today?
Q3) "Feral" children are best described as:
A) children who were raised by animals and not within a nuclear family
B) children who are wild and not tamed
C) children who grew up deprived of human contact and culture
D) children who grew up unable to understand human language
Q4) Sadhus are holy men in Hindu culture.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How cultures define deviant behavior is an interesting topic. Explore the definition of deviance in American culture. For example, why were some behaviors historically considered deviant and then later accepted as normal? What events and histories have led to the emergence of new concepts of deviance?
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Chapter 11: Subsistence and Exchange
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104 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Food foragers practice a form of resource allocation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why was the invention of the steam engine in England important to the development of the Industrial Revolution?
Q3) The traditional market is:
A) regional
B) national
C) local
D) transnational
Q4) Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A) Andean people have historically been adapted to high altitude, but today they are losing these attributes
B) Andean people have adapted culturally to high altitude, but biological adaptation is not possible
C) Andean people have adapted biologically to high altitude, but cultural adaptation has been extremely difficult
D) Andean people are both culturally and biologically adapted to high altitude
Q5) The number and kinds of tools a society uses is its _______________.
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Chapter 12: Sex, Marriage, and Family
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On an anthropological kinship chart, the symbol used for a female is always a _ .
Q2) What do we term the type of marriage in which each partner has just one spouse, but marries a series of partners in succession?
A) monogamy
B) polyandry
C) polygamy
D) serial monogamy
Q3) Payments of money or valuable good to the bride's parents or other close kin is called _______________.
Q4) All of the following are considered assets in a woman to woman marriage among the Nandi except:
A) the barren woman is able to divorce her first husband
B) a barren woman obtains sons for inheritance
C) each woman obtains a higher status than would be otherwise
D) the female husband is less harsh and demanding
Q5) In traditional Muslim societies ______________ law regulates social behavior in strict accordance with religious standards of morality.
Q6) What is the anthropological definition of marriage?
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Chapter 13: Kinship and Other Methods of Grouping
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an original lineage splits into two, it is called fusion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following establishes descent group membership exclusively through the male or the female line?
A) matrilineal descent
B) unilineal descent
C) kinship
D) bilineal descent
Q3) Which of the following factors affect a person's position in society all over the world (universally)?
A) age and sex
B) social class and occupation
C) sex and social class
D) age and occupation
Q4) Cross-cousins and parallel-cousins are created by the _______________ kinship system.
Q5) _______________ is the network of relatives within which individuals possess certain rights and obligations.
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Chapter 14: Politics, Power, and Violence
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do tribal leaders customarily enforce their authority?
A) through shaming and gossip
B) through fines and taxes
C) through military action
D) through banishment
Q2) Describe an uncentralized political system. Give at least six characteristics.
Q3) _______________ is the use of direct argument and compromise by the parties to a dispute to arrive voluntarily at a mutually satisfactory agreement.
Q4) Among the Kapauku, who has the ultimate authority to confiscate property?
A) grandfather
B) army
C) headman
D) priest
Q5) Richard Wrangham argues that violence leads to a:
A) less aggressive society overall
B) more united society
C) female-dominated society
D) male-dominated society
Q6) The focal point for the band's claims on territory is the _______________.
Q7) Describe the two ways that disputes can be settled among two parties.
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Chapter 15: Spirituality, Religion, and the Supernatural
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104 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a "cargo cult"?
A) a rite of passage
B) a revitalization movement
C) a form of imitative magic
D) a form of religious worship
Q2) How does the belief in witchcraft serve as a form of social control?
Q3) The Vedas are believed to be one of the oldest known sacred texts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the primary differences between the priest and the shaman?
Q5) Rites of passage include all of the following stages except:
A) incorporation
B) transformation
C) transition
D) separation
Q6) A collection of gods and goddesses is known as a _______________.
Q7) Why have many countries signed bans against supporting clitoridectomy?
Q8) What primary goals does religion fulfill for a society?
Q9) What is divination?
Q10) Describe the traditional role of the shaman. Page 18
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Page 19
Chapter 16: Global Changes and the Role of Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pollutant _______________ has been linked to senile dementia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease.
Q2) Nearly all state debt in Africa comes from the cost of weapons purchased to fight their own citizens.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who faces risks in a global economy?
A) children
B) women
C) men
D) everyone
Q4) There are developed pockets of resistance in the global order.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is currently the largest mega-corporation?
A) McDonald's
B) General Electric
C) Wal-Mart
D) Hyundai
Q6) An estimated ______________ national groups exist in the world today.
Page 20
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