Penology Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Penology is the academic study of punishment, correctional institutions, and the management of offenders within the criminal justice system. This course explores the history, evolution, and philosophical underpinnings of penal systems, focusing on theories of punishment such as retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restorative justice. Students examine the practical operation of prisons and other correctional facilities, analyze the impacts of incarceration on individuals and communities, and consider alternative approaches to punishment, including community-based corrections and restorative practices. The course also addresses contemporary debates in penology, such as prison reform, the privatization of correctional services, and issues surrounding human rights and social justice within penal contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Corrections 2nd Edition by Robert D. Hanser
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17 Chapters
527 Verified Questions
527 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/881
Page 2
Chapter 1: Early History of Punishment and the
Development of Prisons in the United States
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Banishment was the punishment most often used in lieu of capital punishment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Maconochie's principles are often referred to as the __________ system.
A) mark
B) determinate
C) check
D) reformatory
Answer: A
Q3) The infliction of physical pain upon an offender is called corporal punishment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) What set of codified laws was based on equal retaliation?
A) Book of the Covenant
B) Sumerian Code
C) Draco's Code
D) Code of Hammurabi
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Ideological and Theoretical Underpinnings to Corrections
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reintegration focuses on empowering victims in their search for closure.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is not a philosophical underpinning in corrections?
A) Rehabilitation
B) Retribution
C) Deterrence
D) Incarceration
Answer: D
Q3) An individual is released from prison and struggles to find legitimate work and is excluded from public housing due to her prior drug conviction. Which correctional theory would argue why she is struggling to reintegrate back into society?
A) Behavioral psychology
B) Classical criminology
C) Social learning theory
D) Labeling theory
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Correctional Law and Legal Liabilities
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17431
Sample Questions
Q1) In Estelle v. Gamble (1976), it was found that deliberate indifference to an inmate's medical needs constitutes cruel and unusual punishment, a violation of the __________ Amendment.
A) Eighth
B) First
C) Fourth
D) Fourteenth
Answer: A
Q2) Most plaintiffs in civil cases seek __________ through the courts.
A) declaratory judgments
B) monetary damages
C) injunctions
D) defamation
Answer: B
Q3) Inmates in state and federal prison have increasingly petitioned the courts for relief under a variety of statutes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Jail and Detention Facilities
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a common specialized need that emerges in the jail setting?
A) Substance-abusing offenders
B) Mental health issues of offenders
C) Suicide of offenders
D) Food complaints of offenders
Q2) Identify and define three specialized jail sentences that are "middle road" forms of custody. In addition, identify which type of offenders commonly receive each sentence.
Q3) Discuss the characteristics and challenges of metropolitan jail systems.
Q4) These inmates are more likely to have health problems than other inmates.
A) Male inmates
B) Young inmates
C) Middle-age inmates
D) Elderly inmates
Q5) A lockup is often a police-operated facility where individuals who have been arrested can be held for up to seven days.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Probation
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ will view the offender more as a client rather than a supervisee on his or her caseload. These individuals believe that, ultimately, the best way they can enhance security and safety of the community is by reforming the offender.
A) punitive officer
B) welfare worker
C) paternal officer
D) passive agent
Q2) The recommended caseload size for a probation officer with a low risk adult caseload is:
A) 20.
B) 50.
C) 200.
D) 1,000.
Q3) Which is not a basic category used to describe the probation officer's general tendency when supervising offenders?
A) Paternal officer
B) Maternal officer
C) Punitive officer
D) Welfare worker
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Intermediate Sanctions
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Missouri Department of Corrections found that only a small number of recommitments were offenders whose parole was revoked for technical violations rather than new convictions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Intermediate sanctions provide fewer options than does simple probation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If offenders are not permitted to drive during the period of sentencing, they received what type of intermediate sanction measure?
A) Warning measure
B) Injunctive measure
C) Economic measure
D) Work-related measure
Q4) Which theory's tenets reflect the general premise behind most intermediate sanctions?
A) Strain Theory
B) Labeling Theory
C) Social Learning Theory
D) Routine Activities Theory
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Chapter 7: Correctional Facilities
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The existence of full-fledged buildings devoted solely to religious services is common in most prisons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The National Directory of Corrections Construction classified prisons into five general types. Identify and describe the five styles.
Q3) The mental health issues experienced by inmates housed in supermax custody are similar to those of inmates previously confined in which model of prison operation?
A) Pennsylvania Prisons
B) The Bastille
C) Auburn/Sing Sing Model
D) Panaopticon
Q4) Much of the newer prison construction during the past 40-50 years has consisted of this facility design.
A) Minimum-security facility
B) Medium-security facility
C) Maximum-security facility
D) Supermax-security facility
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Chapter 8: Classification and Custody Levels
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Zebulon Brockway is best known for creating the Irish penal system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This case resulted in a detailed set of procedures for classifying prisoners who were overseen by the federal court system.
A) Holt v. Sarver (1969)
B) Morris v. Travisono (1970)
C) Palmigiano v. Garrahy (1977)
D) Turner v. Safley (1987)
Q3) Differential association theory is the premise behind most classification programs that seek to separate low-risk inmates from high-risk inmates?
A)True
B)False
Q4) Inmates with prior convictions are significantly more likely than first-time offenders to be regular drug users.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify the four goals of classification systems.
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Chapter 9: Prison Subculture and Prison Gang Influence
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17437
Sample Questions
Q1) Most correctional officers and most inmates know the background of other inmates.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define the convict code.
A) A label given to an inmate who reveals the activity of another inmate to authorities.
B) An inmate's sense of masculine standing within the prison culture.
C) A set of standards attributed to the true convict.
D) The process of being socialized into the prison culture.
Q3) Describe Kauffman's (1988) prison guard subculture and its main tenets.
Q4) Which is the first known major prison gang to develop in the United States?
A) Crips
B) Aryan Brotherhood
C) Black Guerrilla Family
D) The Mexican Mafia
Q5) The majority of the transgendered population within the custodial environment is female-to-male.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Female Offenders in Correctional Systems
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17438
Sample Questions
Q1) Which states have the lowest rates of female incarceration? Explain at least partially why they have such low incarceration rates.
Q2) Incarcerated women report being subjected to the most violence between the ages from _____ to _____.
A) 35; 44
B) 25; 34
C) 15; 24
D) 5; 14
Q3) This female activist is perhaps the first person noted for spearheading the rights of women in prison, and her thoughts became known across continents.
A) Rachel Welch
B) Elizabeth Fry
C) Sarah Smith
D) Rhoda Coffin
Q4) Racial disparities have existed and continue to exist among female correctional populations.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Specialized Inmate Populations
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) These inmates are unlikely to be victims within the inmate subculture.
A) Greyhounds
B) Mentally ill inmates
C) Inmates with HIV/AIDS
D) Offender-turned-elderly-in-prison
Q2) Most sex offenders are housed:
A) in therapeutic communities.
B) in the general population.
C) in protective custody.
D) in mental health units.
Q3) The burden placed on institutional corrections is compounded because of the significant number of inmates who have a dual diagnosis of both _________.
A) mental illness and substance abuse
B) mental retardation and suicidal ideation
C) mental illness and mental retardation
D) substance abuse and suicidal ideation
Q4) What are the primary reasons why prison administrative staff must determine whether offenders with special needs should be kept in contact with the mainstream population of inmates or be segregated?
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Chapter 12: Juvenile Correctional Systems
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17440
Sample Questions
Q1) The direct translation of parens patriae is ____________.
A) "in the place of parents"
B) "parent of the country"
C) "parental waiver"
D) "parental obligation"
Q2) The majority of youth engage in minor forms of delinquency during their adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The use of juvenile waiver processes has increased since the 1990s.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The juvenile system is unique from adult corrections.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which state established the first juvenile court?
A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) Illinois
D) Georgia
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Correctional Administration
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17441
Sample Questions
Q1) This style of management tends to be reflective of bureaucratic models of prison management.
A) Participative method
B) Holding pattern method
C) Centralized method
D) Decentralized method
Q2) Explain the job position of a prison warden.
Q3) Broad managerial documents that include goals and objectives of the agency, and state the general direction in which an agency intends to operate are known as:
A) unit plans.
B) strategic plans.
C) tactical plans.
D) bureaucratic plans.
Q4) Explain the role of response teams, characteristics that they should have, and the different levels of response required, depending on the type of emergency or crisis that occurs within the correctional facility.
Q5) Identify and briefly describe the eight divisions of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Prison Programming
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why inmates tend to have comparatively more medical issues than do other persons of their age in mainstream society.
Q2) The Quakers were largely against the use of education for prison inmates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Prison staff have the right to regulate religious practices within prisons to ensure that the safety and security of the institution are not compromised.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that more than half of offenders in the U.S. correctional population have used drugs at some point in their lives.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Inmates with recreational activities are less likely to engage in violence.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss specific key benefits from recreation for inmates and institutions.
Q7) Discuss how the War on Drugs impacted inmate access to higher education.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Parole and Reintegration
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the period from 1930 through the 1950s, correctional thought reflected what was referred to as the __________.
A) medical model
B) reintegration model
C) crime control model
D) tough-on-crime model
Q2) About __________ of those on parole are female offenders.
A) 12%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 80%
Q3) The use of parole boards no longer exists within the federal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) This agency oversees the supervision of offenders who leave federal confinement early due to credit for good behavior.
A) The Federal Bureau of Prisons
B) The U.S. Attorney General's Office
C) The U.S. Board of Parole
D) The U.S. Sentencing Commission
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Death Penalty
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a contemporary method of execution within the United States?
A) Guillotine
B) Electrocution
C) Gas chamber
D) Firing squad
Q2) Which state does not have one of the largest death row populations?
A) California
B) Virginia
C) Florida
D) Texas
Q3) Discuss the three primary methods of execution and the common problems encountered with each method. Identify which method is primarily used.
Q4) Currently, the majority of states (with the death penalty) and the federal government authorize __________ as the sole method of execution.
A) the gas chamber
B) hanging
C) the firing squad
D) lethal injection
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Chapter 17: Program Evaluation, Evidence-Based Practices, and Future Trends in Corrections
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17445
Sample Questions
Q1) Agencies that seek to meet high ethical standards must _________.
A) keep some information confidential
B) be transparent
C) keep their workings secret
D) not seek outside perspectives or assistance
Q2) Which is not a commonly used outcome measure for reentry program performance?
A) Rearrest rates
B) Employment services received
C) Proportion employed
D) Rates of drug relapse
Q3) When agencies seek__________, they are making strides to enhance their reputation and to make a public statement that demonstrates their integrity.
A) more taxpayer dollars
B) private funding
C) accreditation
D) media attention
Q4) Discuss the importance of evaluating staffing quality within correctional agencies.
Page 19
Q5) Explain the assessment-evaluation cycle.
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