Pediatric Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Pediatric Psychology is the study of psychological aspects of health and illness in children, adolescents, and their families. This course explores the interplay between psychological development, behavior, and physical health in pediatric populations, emphasizing assessment, intervention, and prevention strategies for a variety of psychological and medical conditions. Topics include coping with chronic illness, pain management, adherence to medical regimens, the impact of hospitalization, developmental disorders, and the role of family and cultural factors in health outcomes. Students will also examine evidence-based psychological therapies and gain insight into multidisciplinary approaches to care within medical and community settings.
Recommended Textbook
Children and Their Development 6th Edition by Robert
V. Kail
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15 Chapters
2709 Verified Questions
2709 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friends have a new baby girl named Kaycee and they have told you that they can't wait to raise her because they will create a wonderful environment that Kaycee will love.For example,they will never let Kaycee watch worthless shows on television,and she will love to read because they will read to her all the time when she is a baby.What can you tell your friends about the issue of the child being active versus passive in her development?
Answer: A good answer will be similar to the following: According to John Locke,a child is a blank slate on which experiences in the environment are written.Locke's view is consistent with the view of the child who is passive in her development.Your friends also seem to be taking the view that Kaycee will be the passive recipient of the environment that they structure for her.In reality,children often are active in influencing and interpreting their worlds.For example,Kaycee may not sit still when they read to her so they will eventually stop trying.Also,Kaycee may prefer playing catch and kicking a soccer ball to sitting and reading.
Q2) Children's names should be linked with their data so that they are easy to identify.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is an inherited disorder caused by an extra 21<sup>st</sup> chromosome that results in mental retardation.
A)Phenylketonuria
B)Huntington's disease
C)Down syndrome
D)Turner's syndrome
Answer: C
Q2) Whose opinion is best supported by the results of twin and adoption studies?
A)Aaron,who assumes heredity is solely responsible for behavioral development.
B)Baron,who believes heredity has a substantial,but not total influence on behavioral development.
C)Karen,who asserts that heredity has virtually no influence on development.
D)Sharon,who asserts that twin and adoption studies are too flawed to yield accurate information about the influence of genetics on development.
Answer: B
Q3) The risk of having a baby with Down syndrome decreases as the mother gets older.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn
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228 Verified Questions
228 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maternal stress during pregnancy may affect prenatal development because when a pregnant woman experiences stress
A)her immune system is weakened.
B)oxygen flow to the fetus is increased.
C)she is less likely to smoke and drink.
D)she is more likely to consume high levels of folic acid.
Answer: A
Q2) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is the leading cause of developmental disabilities in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Heather's cervix is fully dilated.She is just beginning the __________ stage of labor.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Growth and Health
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell body sends information to other neurons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The extent to which brain organization is flexible is known as A)synaptic pruning.
B)plasticity.
C)myelinization.
D)experience-expectant growth.
Q3) Fat accumulates rapidly during the first year of life.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You have an 11-year-old son and your best friend has a 9-year-old daughter.They have both entered puberty early.How will early maturation psychologically impact her daughter? Will it be the same for your son? What can you tell your friend about the psychological impacts of early maturation?
Q5) The production of neurons is virtually complete by A)28 weeks after conception.
B)six months of age.
C)three years of age.
D)adolescence.
6
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Chapter 5: Perceptual and Motor Development
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you looked at a picture of a dog and a cat,when would you judge the cat to be further away than the dog?
A)When the cat looks clear and distinct,while the dog looks blurry.
B)When the cat looks large and the dog looks small.
C)When the cat is partially obscured by the dog.
D)When retinal images of the cat differ greatly,while retinal images of the dog are nearly identical.
Q2) Researchers often measure an infant's heart rate,facial expression,or head movements to see if the infant responds differently to two different stimuli.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Infants' color perception is similar to adults' by 3 or 4 months of age.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Babies who are 1½ months old who cannot crawl are afraid when they are placed on the deep side of the visual cliff.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe what is known about how well infants can smell,taste,and feel.
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Chapter 6: Theories of Cognitive Development
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193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Preschoolers' naïve theories of biology are complex but incomplete.For instance they believe that body parts have intentions,and that plants are not living things.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Children's naïve psychology flourishes in A)infancy.
B)the preschool years.
C)the elementary-school years.
D)adolescence.
Q3) Most children in Western cultures have well-defined ideas about what "essences" are.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Piaget's __________ stage is characterized by the child's use of symbols to represent objects and events.
A)formal operational
B)sensorimotor
C)concrete operational
D)preoperational
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When parents read rhyming stories,such as those written by Dr.Seuss,to their children,their
A)children's phonological awareness decreases.
B)children usually become bored and learn to dislike reading.
C)children may enjoy it but their reading skills will not improve.
D)children learn how to read easier.
Q2) When Chi asked child chess experts and adult chess novices to remember sequences of numbers and positions of chess pieces on a chess board,she found that A)child chess experts remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than adult chess novices did.
B)adult chess novices remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than child chess experts did.
C)adult chess novices remembered more number sequences,but child chess experts remembered more chess piece patterns.
D)child chess experts remembered more number sequences,but adult chess novices remembered more chess piece patterns.
Q3) Name and briefly describe the three basic principles of counting.
Q4) What are some common features of children's and adolescents' problem solving?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an advantage of individual intelligence tests over group intelligence tests?
A)They are less expensive to administer.
B)They are less likely to require a trained examiner.
C)They can provide information about many individuals quickly.
D)They optimize the motivation and attention of the examinee.
Q2) Your friends Andre and Mia are both above average in intelligence and they are concerned that their new daughter Diane will be intelligent also.They want to know what they can do to shape Diane's environment to increase the chances that she will be above average in intelligence.What can you tell them about the effects of heredity and environment on intelligence?
Q3) Your friend Elena has been asked to supervise an intervention program that is aimed at preparing disadvantaged children for school.Some people have objected to the program and have said that intervention programs don't work.Based on the results of the Carolina Abecedarian Project do you think that intervention will be effective? Why or why not?
Q4) Charles Spearman argued that many different intelligences exist.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a phoneme?
A)"bababababa"
B)the "ing" in "playing"
C)"Me go."
D)the "d" sound in "dog"
Q2) Children with a referential style use language as a social tool.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Joanne and Dennis want to do all they can to expand their preschooler son's vocabulary.Which of the following would you recommend to them?
A)When reading stories,simply read the story and do not ask him questions.
B)Have him watch "Sesame Street" regularly.
C)Have him watch "Sesame Street" only occasionally.
D)Have him watch many cartoons.
Q4) Carter's vocabulary consists primarily of words like dog,mom,up,bottle,cookie,and go.Carter is using
A)a referential style of language.
B)an expressive style of language.
C)overextension.
D)underextension.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike basic emotions,complex emotions
A)do not involve an evaluative component.
B)involve a physiological change.
C)involve a subjective feeling.
D)are triggered by different events in different cultures.
Q2) Compared to Japanese mothers,European American mothers spend more time in close physical contact with their babies,constantly and gently soothing them;this may reduce the tendency to respond emotionally.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Your friend Jamal has a 12-month-old daughter,Kia.Recently,they ran into one of Jamal's coworkers who Kia did not know.When this "stranger" approached,Jamal thought that Kia looked at him to gauge his reaction to the "stranger" and then smiled after she saw Jamal greet the "stranger" in a friendly manner.When Jamal told this story to his wife,Yolanda,she laughed and told him that he was giving Kia more credit than a 1-year-old should get.Is Jamal or Yolanda correct? Explain your answer.
Q4) When infants are distressed they prefer to be comforted by their fathers.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Understanding Self and Others
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170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A strong,well-defined ethnic identity is associated with A)younger rather than older adolescents.
B)lower school achievement.
C)a weakened tie to mainstream culture for all ethnic groups.
D)higher self-esteem.
Q2) Prejudice
A)is lowest in preschoolers.
B)increases as children understand that people in social groups are heterogeneous.
C)vanishes in adolescence.
D)often increases in adolescence as adolescents search for identity.
Q3) Three-year-old Caitlin knows that she and other people can have different thoughts and feelings,but she often confuses the two.Caitlin appears to be in Selman's __________ stage of perspective taking.
A)self-reflective
B)societal
C)social-informational
D)undifferentiated
Q4) Briefly describe how preschoolers,school-aged children,and adolescents are likely to describe themselves.
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Chapter 12: Moral Understanding and Behavior
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?
A)Tony pushed Joyce out of the way so that he can get to the swing first
B)Abe doesn't allow Justin to play with the other children
C)Amy tells Diana that she wants the paint brush that Diana is using D)Natalie spreads rumors about Yolanda because Yolanda stole money from her
Q2) Twin studies on the heritability of aggressive behavior show that A)there is no hereditary component to aggressive and violent behavior. B)there is a strong hereditary component to aggressive and violent behavior.
C)aggression per se is not inherited,instead some children inherit factors that place them at risk for aggressive or violent behavior.
D)fraternal twins are more alike than identical twins,indicating a pure environmental influence.
Q3) Delinquent adolescents are more likely to emphasize punishment and reward in their moral reasoning,rather than social norms and personal moral codes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Aggression is behavior that is meant to harm others.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Gender and Development
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about gender differences is most accurate?
A)Girls and boys are different in more ways than they are similar.
B)Girls and boys are similar in more ways than they are different.
C)Most gender differences are relatively large.
D)Small differences in group averages mean there is little overlap between girls and boys.
Q2) Relational aggression
A)is more common in girls than in boys.
B)is more common in boys than in girls.
C)is equally common in boys and girls.
D)is more common in boys at a younger age but in girls at an older age.
Q3) Define and give examples of instrumental and expressive traits.How do they fit with gender stereotypes?
Q4) Girls' interactions with each other are typically constricting.
A)True
B)False
Q5) You've heard that parents treat sons and daughters similarly,except for behavior explicitly related to gender roles.Explain.Does it differ from mothers to fathers?
Q6) What are some of the explanations for gender differences in spatial ability?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Family Relationships
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187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children often have low self-esteem when parents are authoritarian.
A)True
B)False
Q2) 23 Although Parker's parents provide him with adequate food and shelter,they often are so busy with their own activities that they spend very little time with him and usually leave him to fend for himself.Parker's parents would be described best as
A)uninvolved.
B)permissive.
C)authoritative.
D)authoritarian.
Q3) Name and briefly describe the five different styles of grandparenting.
Q4) 60 When parents have joint custody,they
A)have a custody arrangement that is beneficial for children,if the parents get along.
B)have a confusing and harmful custody arrangement.
C)have the most traditional custody arrangement.
D)are more likely to fall into the negative reinforcement trap.
Q5) Describe (1)cultural/social, (2)parental,and (3)child factors that contribute to child abuse.
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Chapter 15: Influences Beyond the Family
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198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) 117 Students learn the most when teachers
A)spend a lot of time disciplining students.
B)don't spend very much time on a single topic.
C)emphasize active learning.
D)discourage peer tutoring.
Q2) Rough-and-tumble play emerges in A)infancy.
B)toddlerhood.
C)preschool.
D)elementary school.
Q3) 35 Children typically choose children who are __________ to be their friends. A)older than they are B)younger than they are C)the opposite of themselves
D)like themselves
Q4) What are some strategies that parents can use to help limit the negative effects of TV and boost the positive ones?
Q5) 156 Children who watch a lot of TV have reduced levels of attention. A)True
B)False
17
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