Pediatric Evaluation and Intervention in Occupational Therapy
Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of occupational therapy principles and practices in the assessment and intervention of children from infancy through adolescence. Students will learn to evaluate a childs development and occupational performance using standardized and non-standardized assessment tools, considering the unique needs and contexts of pediatric clients. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based interventions designed to promote participation in meaningful activities, enhance development, and facilitate engagement in home, school, and community environments. The course also addresses collaboration with families, educators, and other professionals, cultural competence, and ethical considerations in pediatric occupational therapy practice.
Recommended Textbook
Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants 4th Edition by Jean W. Solomon
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2
Chapter 1: Scope of Practice
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Q1) A therapist planned a Christmas activity but later found out that her clients were of the Jewish faith and did not celebrate Christmas.This shows the importance of examining which aspect of environment when planning activities?
A) Cultural
B) Physical
C) Social
D) Temporal
Answer: A
Q2) Inca forgets to lock a client's brakes on the wheelchair, and the client falls and fractures her hip.Inca is violating which principle of ethical behavior?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Autonomy
C) Justice
D) Beneficence
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Family Systems
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Q1) On what does the success of home-based intervention with children with disabilities most depend?
A) The conceptual framework guiding the intervention
B) The degree to which the intervention is supported by research
C) The extent to which the family is involved in its design and implementation
D) The skill of the practitioner in implementing therapy activities with children
Answer: C
Q2) What is one of the first steps in establishing trust with a family?
A) Identify outcomes that family members desire
B) Prove that you are the expert and have the answers
C) Use complicated language to impress the family
D) Have a clear plan already established to show you are in charge
Answer: A
Q3) Which factor allows you to predict how a family will adapt to a crisis?
A) Cannot necessarily predict adaptation
B) Income level
C) Past experience with crises
D) Marital status
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Medical Systems
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Q1) "Client presents with developmental delays in areas of postural control, bilateral hand function, and attention to task which interfere with his ability to engage in self-care, social participation, and play." In which part of the note does this statement belong?
A) S
B) O
C) A
D) P
Answer: D
Q2) Which statement best reflects the role of the OT practitioner in working in the NICU?
A) Assist nursing in medical care of infant and record weights.
B) Address positioning for function, range of motion, and age-related motor and sensory development.
C) Collaborate with parents on care of infant upon discharge.
D) Provide lactation consultation as needed.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Educational Systems
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Q1) Which provision of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act gives children with disabilities the right to be educated with their nondisabled peers?
A) Americans with Disabilities Act
B) Due process
C) Least restrictive environment
D) Zero reject
Q2) Which strategy is recommended for working with teachers?
A) Use the lunch hour to discuss children.
B) Provide the teacher with literature and a long list of things to do.
C) Provide solutions and resources to teachers concerning children with special needs.
D) Schedule regular hourly meetings to discuss a child's intervention plan.
Q3) What is the role of the OTA in the IEP team?
A) To analyze and interpret test results independently of the occupational therapist.
B) To determine level of service along with the teacher and principal.
C) To negotiate changes in the child's goals with the parent.
D) To report findings and recommendations under direction of the occupational therapist.
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Chapter 5: Community Systems
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Q1) The occupational therapist received a referral to evaluate a child.Which is not considered in the definition of clients by the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)?
A) Physician who referred child
B) Social environment
C) Family of the child
D) Child himself
Q2) What is not considered a challenge to providing services in the community?
A) Funding
B) Maintaining good communication
C) Cultural competence
D) Natural context
Q3) What is it called when the practitioner hopes to learn more about the Hispanic culture?
A) Cultural awareness
B) Cultural desire
C) Cultural skill
D) Cultural encounter
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7
Chapter 6: Principles of Normal Development
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Q1) In which context can the OT practitioner have the greatest impact?
A) Chronologic age
B) Environmental
C) Social
D) Cultural
Q2) Which statement is not true concerning maturation?
A) It is the process of development.
B) It occurs naturally.
C) It is predictable.
D) It is more important than experience in the developmental process.
Q3) What is the length of the typical prenatal period?
A) 4 weeks
B) 12 weeks
C) 30 weeks
D) 40 weeks
Q4) Which of the following statements is true about typical development?
A) It occurs naturally.
B) It is a biomechanical process.
C) It is unpredictable and spontaneous.
D) The rate remains the same for all children.
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Chapter 7: Development of Performance Skills
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Q1) Which statement describes the vision of newborns?
A) Newborns are able to distinguish between a picture of a face and a real face.
B) Newborns are not able to see at birth.
C) Newborns can see objects from about 8 inches away.
D) Newborns show a preference for patterns and can distinguish between colors.
Q2) Which statement is not true concerning primitive reflexes?
A) Reflexes provide the first movement out of physiological flexion.
B) Reflexes are integrated as the infant learns about the environment.
C) Reflexes persist throughout childhood.
D) Reflexes are genetically carried survival mechanisms.
Q3) Which reflex involves a child making subtle changes in muscle tone or movement to remain in an upright position?
A) Protective extension
B) Righting
C) Equilibrium
D) Moro
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9
Chapter 8: Development of Occupations
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Q1) Which behavior is not observed in 4-month-old infants?
A) Exhibiting the rooting reflex.
B) Sucking liquid from a bottle.
C) Using phasic up/down jaw movements when given solid food.
D) Finger feeding.
Q2) Which group of readiness skills describes what is expected for a child entering elementary school?
A) Sitting quietly while listening to a story, coloring and manipulating small objects, running, hopping, and jumping.
B) Independence in the bathroom and cafeteria, remaining in the classroom for extended periods, and remaining "on task."
C) Social skills and manners; increased skill in creative thinking, problem solving, and expressive writing.
D) Independent learning skills and communication of ideas through writing.
Q3) Which statement does not describe play?
A) Method to release surplus energy
B) Attitude or mood
C) Method to practice survival
D) Extrinsically motivated activity
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Chapter 9: Adolescent Development: Becoming an Adult
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Q1) Sixteen-year-old Harry has little interest in exploring his career or academic options.He only wants to hang out with his friends.What term most closely describes this?
A) Identity achievement
B) Identity diffusion
C) Identity formation
D) Moratorium
Q2) Gerry is a 14-year-old boy who regularly breaks rules and has pierced his nose, but he holds a steady job after school.Which statement reflects this behavior?
A) Antisocial behavior
B) Atypical behavior
C) Destructive behavior
D) Typical, contradictory behavior
Q3) What influences the onset of menarche?
A) Race
B) Socioeconomic status
C) Heredity
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above
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11
Chapter 10: The Occupational Therapy Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best describes legitimate tools of OT practice?
A) Instruments or tools that a profession uses to bring about change.
B) Tools that remain constant over time.
C) Tools commonly found in an OT clinic.
D) Instruments commonly used to evaluate clients.
Q2) Who is responsible for discharge planning?
A) The registered occupational therapist
B) The COTA
C) The parent or caregiver
D) The client
Q3) Which frame of reference is described when the practitioner identifies the level of motor skill a child is achieving and works to help the child accomplish the next step in the sequence?
A) Biomechanical
B) Developmental
C) Motor control
D) Sensory integration
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Chapter 11: Anatomy and Physiology for the Pediatric
Practitioner
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Q1) When standing in anatomic position, where are the hands in relation to the shoulder?
A) Anterior
B) Distal
C) Posterior
D) Proximal
Q2) Which circuit allows transport and exchange between the heart and lungs?
A) Pulmonary
B) Systemic
C) Coronary
D) All of the above
Q3) Which statement describes the autonomic nervous system?
A) It consists of the brain and spinal cord.
B) It consists of a network of peripheral nerves.
C) It consists of the "fight-or-flight" and "rest-and-digest" nerves.
D) It controls movement only.
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Chapter 12: Neuroscience for the Pediatric Practitioner
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Q1) Which receptor is responsible for providing continuous information on midrange position sense?
A) Alpha motor neuron
B) Extrafusal muscle fibers
C) Golgi tendon
D) Muscle spindle
Q2) Which statement reflects what occurs in therapy in regard to neurons?
A) Brain neurons do not change over time.
B) Damaged neurons can be repaired.
C) Destroyed neurons are replaced with new ones.
D) Neurons gain new synapses.
Q3) A child who shows difficulty controlling the speed and accuracy of his or her movements and shows inaccurate reach and grasp is showing difficulty with what area of the brain?
A) Brainstem
B) Cerebellum
C) Cerebrum
D) Peripheral nervous system
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14
Chapter 13: Pediatric Health Conditions
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Q1) Sean injured himself on the stove, resulting in a second-degree burn.Which statement describes the involvement?
A) Bone involved
B) Epidermis and portions of the dermis involved
C) Muscle involved
D) Tissue minimally damaged
Q2) Martin is a 10-year-old boy with DCD who has difficulty writing and tying his shoes.He is falling behind in school.He falls and bumps into things frequently and performs poorly in sports.Which statement is true concerning DCD?
A) Martin probably has associated cognitive problems.
B) Martin will need classroom modifications.
C) Martin will show high self-esteem.
D) Martin will outgrow it.
Q3) What must the OT practitioner never do when a child is having a seizure?
A) Turn the child's head to the side in case she or he vomits.
B) Put a finger in the child's mouth.
C) Remove dangerous objects around her or him.
D) Put something soft under her or his head.
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Chapter 14: Childhood and Adolescent Psychosocial and Mental
Health
Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following is true about youth suicide and risk signals?
A) Suicide attempts are seldom repeated.
B) Sudden improvement in mood may be a danger signal.
C) Youths who talk about suicide rarely kill themselves.
D) There is no treatment for depression in teens.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about Tourette's disorder?
A) Tics increase during activities that require a lot of concentration.
B) Coprolalia is the vocal tic of repeating others' words.
C) The disorder improves in adolescence and adulthood.
D) Tics increase during sleep.
Q3) Susan, a 12-year-old girl, refuses to go to her new school.She is irritable and angry, and she complains of headaches every morning.Susan perspires and feels restless each morning.She is unable to sleep because she worries about the next day at school.What do these symptoms represent?
A) Normal reactions to new situations
B) Phobic anxiety disorder
C) Separation anxiety
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
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Chapter 15: Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
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Q1) What can an occupational therapy (OT) practitioner do to engage the family in establishing health habits?
A) Make complex suggestions that require major life changes.
B) Engage the whole family in simple habit changes.
C) Keep things private and encourage the family not to seek support from others.
D) Make the family members feel guilty about their poor health habits.
Q2) Poor body image in girls has been shown to predict which of the following?
A) Poor grades and immaturity
B) Sexual promiscuity and poor grades
C) Depression and binge eating
D) Delayed motor skills and poor abstract reasoning
Q3) Which is not a factor associated with obesity in children?
A) Foods are used as a reward.
B) There is a lack of effective intervention.
C) Children are offered limited education on healthy nutrition.
D) Children are unmotivated to change.
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17
Chapter 16: Intellectual Disabilities
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Q1) Which IQ scores are considered to be within normal limits?
A) 0-100
B) 50-70
C) 80-90
D) 85-115
Q2) Which factors are considered when diagnosing a child with intellectual disability?
A) Parental intelligence
B) Body height and weight
C) Culture and language
D) Socioeconomic status
Q3) Danny is 14 years old.He requires extensive help for all ADLs.He is able to communicate his wants and needs by answering yes/no questions.Which intellectual disability category applies to Danny?
A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) Severe
D) Profound
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Chapter 17: Cerebral Palsy
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Q1) What is the term for the degree of contractility and elasticity in muscle tissue?
A) Resistance
B) Co-contraction
C) Coactivation
D) Muscle tone
Q2) What is the role of orthoses for children who have cerebral palsy?
A) Improve range of motion
B) Improve overall function
C) Decrease muscle tone
D) Decrease pain
Q3) What is the best way to describe muscle tone that is associated with atypical postural alignment and limited joint range of motion?
A) Flaccid
B) Hypotonic
C) Hypertonic
D) Weak
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19
Chapter 18: Positioning and Handling: A
Neurodevelopmental Approach
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Q1) What is the first event that must happen for a child to move?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Rotation
D) Weight shift
Q2) Yuki is a 9-year-old with spastic quadriplegia.Yuki's parents would like her to be able to participate in their weekly family game time.What is the most important point to consider when developing a positioning plan for Yuki?
A) Yuki has her head upright.
B) Yuki is able to participate from her wheelchair.
C) Yuki can easily move her wheelchair if she wants to leave the room.
D) Yuki is safely secured with a lap belt.
Q3) What is considered the optimal sitting position for children with cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia)?
A) Chair reclined for comfort
B) Hips extended back into chair
C) Knees extended into long-sitting
D) Hips flexed forward
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Chapter 19: Activities of Daily Living and Sleeprest
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Q1) What is the practitioner doing by moving the objects higher so that the child has to reach above his head to get them?
A) Remediating
B) Adapting
C) Compensating
D) Grading
Q2) Suck-swallow-breathe synchrony is not necessary for which of the following?
A) Eating without gasping
B) Smiling and frowning
C) Sleeping without drooling
D) Talking and singing
Q3) Which strategy to help with dressing is not appropriate for a child with sensory processing issues?
A) Allow the child to pick his clothing.
B) Cut out tags completely.
C) Use detergent with a strong fragrance.
D) Wash new clothing before the child wears it.
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21
Chapter 20: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
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Q1) Terry is a 14-year-old girl who can never find her papers and does not know where to put her school supplies.She loses assignments in her backpack.With what executive function is she experiencing difficulty?
A) Emotional control
B) Organization of materials
C) Self-monitoring
D) Working memory
Q2) The occupational therapy (OT) practitioner works closely with a teen, and they set realistic goals for an upcoming project.The practitioner helps the teen manage her time and asks the teen to assess how she is progressing at each session.What intervention strategy is the practitioner using?
A) Deficit-specific training
B) Meta-cognitive training
C) Social skill training
D) Task-specific training
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22
Chapter 21: Play and Playfulness
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Q1) Which characteristic does not promote play and playfulness in children?
A) Positive reinforcement
B) Patience
C) Rigidity with rules
D) Sense of humor
Q2) Terry, the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), plays "Simon Says" with Julie and asks her to raise her hands high above her head and to the sides.On which motor goal is she working?
A) Increasing endurance.
B) Increasing upper extremity strength.
C) Increasing range of motion in the upper extremities.
D) Increasing fine motor skills.
Q3) Which rule is the most important to ensure safety in a therapy session?
A) Cover electrical outlets.
B) Cut all hanging cords.
C) Inspect toys and equipment regularly.
D) Watch children at all times.
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Chapter 22: Functional Task at School: Handwriting
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Q1) Brigit is an 8-year-old girl who presses hard on the paper and frequently smears her letters and rips the paper.What do you expect to observe with her grasp pattern?
A) Dynamic tripod grasp
B) Grasp by the eraser
C) Loose grasp
D) Tight grasp
Q2) Which classroom strategy is most helpful to a child with handwriting difficulties?
A) Allow the child to spend recess time writing homework assignments.
B) Do not require the child to write at all.
C) Provide a written list of homework assignments.
D) Require the child to write in neat, full paragraphs.
Q3) Which sitting position is most helpful for writing?
A) Feet on floor, desk resting on lap
B) Feet off floor, desk under armpits
C) Feet on floor, desk slightly above elbow
D) Feet off floor, desk slightly above elbow
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Chapter 23: Therapeutic Media: Activity With Purpose
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Q1) According to the OTPF, what are you addressing by taking into consideration that Suzy is a 3-year-old child?
A) Activity demands
B) Habits
C) Client factors
D) Context
E) Both A and D
Q2) What is it called when Harry, a COTA, shows 7-year-old Raymond a way to put on his coat using only one hand?
A) Adapting activity
B) Analyzing activity
C) Grading activity
D) Evaluating activity
Q3) Which activity is most suitable for a group of 15- to 17-year-old girls?
A) Blowing bubbles
B) Playing with Barbie dolls
C) Scrapbooking
D) A 20-piece puzzle
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25
Chapter 24: Motor Control and Motor Learning
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Q1) Which statement is true concerning how knowledge of performance (KP) facilitates motor learning?
A) KP should be given 100% of the time.
B) KP should be provided the next day.
C) Prescriptive KP is more helpful than descriptive KP in the early stages of learning.
D) KP error information is not helpful.
Q2) Karen provides her client, Bill, with 1-minute rests between 5-minute of repetitive skill practice.What kind of practice is this?
A) Continual
B) Distributed
C) Blocked
D) Variable
Q3) Which concept is least central to motor control theory?
A) Meaningful activities
B) Natural contexts
C) Promote problem solving
D) Teach components
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26
Chapter 25: Sensory Processingintegration and Occupation
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Q1) During a sensory integration session, Ryan, a 10-year-old boy, suddenly becomes quiet, forgets the object to the swinging game he is playing, and stops playing.What do these behaviors suggest?
A) Ryan is processing vestibular input accurately.
B) Ryan has attention deficit disorder.
C) Ryan is showing signs of sensory shutdown behaviors.
D) Ryan needs more sensory stimulation.
Q2) Which activity would best work on Stewart's poor shoulder co-contraction and endurance?
A) Walking on a balance beam
B) Spinning in a net
C) Playing "Simon Says"
D) Wheelbarrow walking
Q3) COTAs can become certified in the administration and interpretation of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: Applying the Model of Human Occupation to Pediatric Practice
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Q1) A child's pattern and organization around different occupations is called
A) Volition
B) Performance capacity
C) Habituation
D) Environmental factors
Q2) What is the MOHO concept that is influenced by a child's interests and beliefs about her ability to perform an occupation?
A) Habituation
B) Performance capacity
C) Volition
D) Environment
Q3) What is the term for things that a child is happy to do, finds happiness in doing, and usually is able to do successfully?
A) Occupational forms
B) Occupational objects
C) Interests
D) Values
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Page 28
Chapter 27: Assistive Technology
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Q1) From where would someone seek AT funding for an 8-year-old to perform successfully in school?
A) Medicare
B) Vocational rehabilitation program
C) Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
D) Birth to three program
Q2) Which of the following is the most important aspect that affects the functional use of a personal high-technology augmentative communication device?
A) Implementing
B) Planning
C) Pricing
D) Selecting
Q3) Which statement is true concerning assistive technology (AT)?
A) AT refers to aids and devices that help rehabilitate an individual.
B) AT helps a person to be more functional.
C) AT is always commercially manufactured.
D) AT helps persons with only certain diagnoses.
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29
Chapter 28: Orthoses, Orthotic Fabrication, and Elastic
Therapeutic Taping for the Pediatric Population
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Q1) Which statement does not reflect the purpose of a static orthosis?
A) Decreases contractures by maximizing range of motion (ROM).
B) Provides stability to unstable joint.
C) Improves joint alignment.
D) Promotes movement to aid in healing process.
Q2) What is not considered an outcome of Kinesio taping?
A) Control edema
B) Facilitate or inhibit movement
C) Immobilize joints
D) Provide support
Q3) Which statement is not a goal of orthotic fabrication?
A) Alleviate pain
B) Enhance function
C) Prevent deformity
D) Shorten soft tissue structures
Q4) What is the primary goal of Kinesio taping?
A) To help the body in self-healing.
B) To provide stability to muscles.
C) To correct misaligned joints.
D) To normalize muscle tone.
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Chapter 29: Animal-Assisted Activities and Therapy
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Q1) The parent of a 3-year-old boy does not like her child digging through the dirt.What is the best response to the parent's concern?
A) Continue the activity if it is good for the child.
B) Modify the activity in collaboration with the parent.
C) Provide the activity in the home program.
D) Stop the activity and never bring it up again.
Q2) Which factor is most important for the occupational therapy (OT) practitioner to consider when using an animal as an occupation for children?
A) Family and child's pets
B) Parental income and educational level
C) Practitioner's comfort with animals
D) Transportability of pet
Q3) Jack, a Bernese mountain dog, has been trained to pull Carrie as she sits in her wheelchair.Jack is also able to bring Carrie items and carry her backpack.What type of dog is Jack?
A) Guide dog
B) Hearing dog
C) Pet dog
D) Service dog
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Page 31