Patient Assessment and Monitoring Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Patient Assessment and Monitoring is a comprehensive course designed to equip students with the critical skills necessary for evaluating and continuously observing patient health status in clinical settings. The curriculum covers essential techniques in patient history taking, physical examination, and the use of diagnostic tools such as vital signs monitoring, electrocardiography, and pulse oximetry. Emphasis is placed on recognizing normal versus abnormal findings, documenting assessments, identifying changes in patient condition, and implementing appropriate interventions. Students will also develop proficiency in using monitoring technologies and interpreting data to inform clinical decisions, ensuring safe and effective patient care.
Recommended Textbook
EKG Plain and Simple 3rd Edition by Karen Ellis RN
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15 Chapters
790 Verified Questions
790 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Coronary Anatomy and Physiology
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The coronary artery that feeds blood to the right ventricle and the inferior wall of the left ventricle is the _____.
Answer: Right coronary artery
Q2) The coronary circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardium during A)Ventricular ejection.
B)Diastole.
C)The entire cardiac cycle.
D)Isovolumetric contraction.
Answer: B
Q3) The heart's top and bottom chambers are separated by valves that prevent backflow of blood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Which valves open to allow the ventricles to fill?
A)Aortic and pulmonic
B)Tricuspid and pulmonic
C)Tricuspid and mitral
D)Aortic and mitral
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Electrophysiology
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50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following characteristics of heart cells is mechanical?
A)Automaticity
B)Contractility
C)Excitability
D)Conductivity
Answer: B
Q2) The wave or complex that represents ventricular repolarization is the A)P wave.
B)QRS complex.
C)T wave.
D)U wave.
Answer: C
Q3) The cardiac cell,at rest,has a transmembrane potential of +20 mV.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Atrial depolarization is represented on the EKG as a _____.
Answer: P wave
Q5) Normal QRS interval is _____ seconds or less than three small blocks. Answer: <0.12
4
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Chapter 3: Lead Morphology and Placement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The normal QRS deflection in lead III should be negative.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Lead II connects which limbs?
A)Right arm and left leg
B)Right arm and right leg
C)Right arm and left arm
D)Left arm and right leg
Answer: A
Q3) It is normal for the QRS complex to be primarily positive in V1.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Einthoven's triangle is formed by joining leads I,II,and III at their ends.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Einthoven's law states that _____.
Answer: Lead I + lead III = lead II
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Chapter 4: Technical Aspects of the Ekg
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Sample Questions
Q1) The EKG machine control feature that controls the size of the waves and complexes is the _____.
Q2) Troubleshooting involves determining and alleviating the cause of _____.
Q3) Muscle artifact can be minimized by monitoring the patient in lead
A)I.
B)II.
C)AVR.
D)V1 or MCL1.
Q4) "Toothbrush tachycardia" can be lethal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Broken recording is caused by _____.
Q6) Some modern EKG machines are Bluetooth-capable,allowing EMS workers to A)Listen to their favorite music station while on the job.
B)Control the artifact on the EKG.
C)Hear the EKG's interpretation via special headphones.
D)Transmit the EKG to the nearest hospital so workers can prepare for the patient's arrival.
Q7) Electrically speaking,the EKG machine is a _____ and the heart is a transmitter.
Q8) CPR artifact is caused by chest compressions obscuring the real _______.
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Chapter 5: Calculating Heart Rate
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most accurate way to calculate heart rate on an irregular rhythm is the six-second strip method.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most accurate way to determine heart rate would be to
A)Count the number of P waves in a minute-long rhythm strip.
B)Count the number of QRS complexes in a minute-long rhythm strip.
C)Count the number of QRS complexes on a six-second strip and multiply by 10.
D)Count the number of P waves on a six-second strip and multiply by 10.
Q3) Calculating heart rate involves counting the number of P waves on the strip.
A)True
B)False
Q4) R-R intervals are measurements of the distance between consecutive QRS complexes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If the QRS complexes are all 50 little blocks apart,the heart rate is _____.
Q6) Regularity is concerned with the constancy of QRS complexes.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: How to Interpret a Rhythm Strip
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Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple P waves preceding the QRS complexes are typical of sinus rhythm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The normal rhythm originating in the sinus node should have a heart rate
A)Greater than 100.
B)Less than 60.
C)Between 40 and 60.
D)Between 60 and 100.
Q3) Sinus rhythm has a heart rate of 60-80.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 is a tachycardia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An abnormal rhythm is called a dysrhythmia.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Sinus rhythms should have narrow QRS complexes of uniform shape.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once the impulse originates in the sinus node,it travels next to the _____ by way of the interatrial tracts.
Q2) All sinus rhythms have
A)Upright,matching P waves.
B)Wide,bizarre QRS complexes.
C)Multiple P waves of varying configurations.
D)Heart rates between 40 and 100.
Q3) In sinus rhythms,the QRS complexes should have an interval of _____.
Q4) _____ is a rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100.
Q5) In sinus arrhythmia,the heart rate
A)Speeds up during inspiration and expiration.
B)Speeds up during inspiration,slows during expiration.
C)Slows during inspiration and expiration.
D)Slows during inspiration,speeds up during expiration.
Q6) A pause that occurs when the sinus node's impulse is not conducted out of the sinus node itself is
A)Sinus arrest.
B)Sinus arrhythmia.
C)Sinus bradycardia.
D)Sinus block.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Rhythms Originating in the Atria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flutter waves are often described as sawtooth- or picket-fence-shaped waves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Atrial fibrillation is
A)Regular.
B)Irregular.
C)Regular but interrupted by premature beats.
D)Regular but interrupted by pauses.
Q3) Nonconducted PACs do not conduct through to the ventricles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A PAC often deforms the shape of the A)QRS.
B)Preceding T wave.
C)Preceding U wave.
D)Following T wave.
Q5) Atrial tachycardia is always accompanied by symptoms of decreased cardiac output.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Rhythms Originating in the Av Junction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Junctional bradycardia has a heart rate of
A)Less than 40.
B)60-100.
C)40-100.
D)Greater than 100.
Q2) Atropine should be given for junctional bradycardia if the patient is _____.
Q3) Junctional rhythm has no T waves.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A junctional rhythm with a heart rate of 125 is called
A)Junctional bradycardia.
B)Junctional rhythm.
C)Accelerated junctional rhythm.
D)Junctional tachycardia.
Q5) Junctional rhythms originate in the A)Sinoatrial junction.
B)Atrioventricular junction.
C)Sinoventricular junction.
D)Sinus node junction.
Q6) A P wave that is upside down is called _____.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Rhythms Originating in the Ventricles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Torsades de pointes means
A)Torsion of the points.
B)Twisting of the points.
C)Tall,pointy T waves.
D)Spiked P waves.
Q2) In P wave asystole,there are
A)No P waves or QRS complexes.
B)P waves but no QRS complexes.
C)No waves of any kind.
D)P waves and QRS complexes but no T waves.
Q3) Multifocal PVCs are those that
A)Have different shaped P waves preceding them.
B)Have different shaped QRS complexes.
C)Come from the same focus.
D)Resemble each other.
Q4) Treatment for torsades de pointes can include all the following EXCEPT
A)Overdrive pacing.
B)Magnesium.
C)Electrical shock to the heart.
D)Atropine.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Av Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) In third-degree AV block,none of the sinus impulses get through to the ventricles.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In AV blocks,the site of the block is either the AV node or the bundle branches.
A)True
B)False
Q3) First-degree AV block is characterized by a prolonged QRS interval.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What kind of symptoms does first-degree AV block cause? _____.
Q5) Wenckebach usually does not need treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Treatment for first-degree AV block involves
A)Atropine.
B)Digitalis.
C)Electrical shock to the heart.
D)Removing the cause.
Q7) In third-degree AV block,_____ sinus impulses get through to the ventricles.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: How to Interpret a 12-Lead Ekg
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Sample Questions
Q1) Left axis deviation is between
A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and \(\pm\)180 degrees.
D)-90 and \(\pm\)180 degrees.
Q2) _____ is potassium deficit in the bloodstream.
Q3) If the QRS in I is negative and the QRS in AVF is positive,the axis is
A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.
Q4) A hallmark of hypercalcemia on the EKG is
A)Sagging ST segments.
B)Prolonged QT intervals.
C)Shortened ST segments.
D)Prolonged QRS intervals.
Q5) Left ventricular hypertrophy is determined by adding _____.
Q6) Critical rate is the rate at which _____.
Q7) An axis of +120 degrees is _____ deviation.
Q8) RVH stands for _____.
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Chapter 13: Myocardial Infarction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The normal T wave is tall and pointy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An age-indeterminate MI is called a _____ by some authorities.
Q3) An inverted T wave is indicative of
A)Myocardial necrosis.
B)Myocardial ischemia.
C)Myocardial injury.
D)Abnormal ventricular depolarization.
Q4) An inferior MI is most often caused by occlusion of which coronary artery?
A)Right coronary artery
B)Left main
C)Circumflex
D)Left anterior descending
Q5) ST segment elevation is indicative of
A)Myocardial necrosis.
B)Myocardial ischemia.
C)Myocardial injury.
D)Abnormal atrial depolarization.
Q6) Inferior-lateral MI has indicative changes in leads _____.
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Chapter 14: Medications and Electrical Therapy
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105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a pacemaker fires,it creates what sign on the EKG?
A)A P wave
B)A QRS complex
C)A T wave
D)A spike
Q2) The most common pacemaker malfunctions include ALL BUT which of the following?
A)Failure to fire
B)Failure to capture
C)Failure to sense
D)Failure to repolarize
Q3) Transvenous pacemakers are attached to the skin on the front and back of the patient.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Oxygen administration has risks and benefits,just like medications do.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Six to seven seconds of asystole sometimes follows administration of adenosine.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Diagnostic Electrocardiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bayes' Theorem has to do with
A)The sensitivity and specificity of the stress test results.
B)Which patients will be predicted to complete the maximal stress test.
C)The predicted cardiac output during exercise stress testing.
D)The predicted workload of a treadmill versus a bicycle stress test.
Q2) The patient's target heart rate is 180,but he develops severe chest pain,shortness of breath,and diaphoresis at a heart rate of 135.What should be done?
A)Continue the test until the target heart rate is reached.
B)Stop the test immediately.
C)Continue the test until the heart rate reaches 153,which will be the 85% needed for a valid test.
D)Give the patient a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually and then continue the test.
Q3) To imply ischemia,ST depression of 1.5 mm is required for
A)Upsloping ST depression.
B)Horizontal ST depression.
C)Downsloping ST depression.
D)J-point depression.
Q4) Bayes' Theorem is concerned with the _____ of stress test results.
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Page 17